ooonea · Oct 31, 2026 · Oct 31, 2026
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ separately in [CHANGELOG-DEPS.md](CHANGELOG-DEPS.md).
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- **File format labels and relative modification dates follow the interface
+  language.** File detection keeps its original identifiers.
+
+- **The interface is available in Italian.** Select Italiano under Language
+  in Appearance settings.
+
 - **Going up to a parent folder selects the folder you came from and scrolls
   it into view, whichever way you go up.** Backspace and Back already did
   this; clicking a breadcrumb segment, a folder in the sidebar tree, or typing

diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -248,8 +248,9 @@ the same change:
    `msgid!` form described in
    [Localization](docs/features/LOCALIZATION.md#for-developers-writing-strings).
 2. Regenerate `locales/en.json` with the extraction test.
-3. Add or update the matching entries in both bundled packs,
-   `locales/de.json` and `locales/fr.json`. Preserve every placeholder and
+3. Add or update the matching entries in all bundled packs:
+   `locales/de.json`, `locales/fr.json`, `locales/it.json`, and `locales/pl.json`.
+   Preserve every placeholder and
    plural shape; do not ship newly added text as an English fallback.
 4. Run the i18n extraction and bundled-pack tests before finishing.
 
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ Before finishing code changes:
 - If the change touches icons, update
   [docs/features/ICONS.md](docs/features/ICONS.md) (see [Icons](#icons)).
 - If the change adds or rewrites user-visible text, regenerate the English
-  catalog, translate the new entries in both bundled language packs, and run
+  catalog, translate the new entries in all bundled language packs, and run
   the i18n tests (see [Localization](#localization)).
 - If the change displays a count of anything, group it (see
   [Counts](#counts)).

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ The ❌ rows are real gaps, not modesty.
 | **Built-in text and image editing** | ✅ editor + redact/annotate | ⚠️ Quick Look markup | ❌ | ⚠️ opens another app |
 | **Capture-safe screenshot mode** | ✅ Private Mode | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 | **Global / indexed search** | ⚠️ Spotlight-backed, single query box | ✅ rich | ✅ indexed | ✅ Tracker / Baloo |
-| **Localization** | ⚠️ four bundled languages, any other importable | ✅ dozens | ✅ dozens | ✅ dozens |
+| **Localization** | ⚠️ five bundled languages, any other importable | ✅ dozens | ✅ dozens | ✅ dozens |
 | **Accessibility / maturity** | ❌ young, single-dev | ✅ decades | ✅ decades | ✅ mature |
 
 ✅ first-class · ⚠️ partial / varies · ❌ absent

diff --git a/crates/ferail-core/src/i18n/pack.rs b/crates/ferail-core/src/i18n/pack.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ pub const EN_JSON: &str = include_str!("../../../../locales/en.json");
 /// (in the config dir) takes precedence, so anyone can fix a string
 /// locally before contributing it back.
 pub const BUNDLED: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
+    ("it", include_str!("../../../../locales/it.json")),
     ("fr", include_str!("../../../../locales/fr.json")),
     ("de", include_str!("../../../../locales/de.json")),
     // Contributed by Bohun (github.com/bohunamiga).

diff --git a/crates/ferail-core/src/lib.rs b/crates/ferail-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -565,8 +565,8 @@ pub fn now_unix() -> i64 {
 /// Why this is allowed on the paint path when sizes/dates are otherwise
 /// pre-formatted: a *relative* duration is timezone-independent (`now - mtime`
 /// is identical in every zone), so unlike absolute hour-of-day formatting it
-/// needs no local-timezone machinery: it is pure integer arithmetic plus one
-/// small allocation, bounded to the handful of on-screen rows.
+/// needs no local-timezone machinery. Arithmetic and translation lookups
+/// stay bounded to the handful of on-screen rows.
 pub fn humanize_mtime(mtime_unix: i64, now_unix: i64) -> String {
     const MIN: i64 = 60;
     const HOUR: i64 = 3_600;
@@ -581,51 +581,43 @@ pub fn humanize_mtime(mtime_unix: i64, now_unix: i64) -> String {
     // date rather than a nonsensical negative "ago".
     if diff < 0 {
         return if diff > -MIN {
-            "just now".to_string()
+            crate::tr!("just now").to_string()
         } else {
             format_date(mtime_unix)
         };
     }
     if diff == 0 {
-        return "just now".to_string();
+        return crate::tr!("just now").to_string();
     }
     if diff < MIN {
-        return format!("{diff} second{} ago", plural(diff));
+        return crate::trn!("{n} second ago", "{n} seconds ago", diff).to_string();
     }
     if diff < HOUR {
         let (m, s) = (diff / MIN, diff % MIN);
         return if s == 0 {
-            format!("{m} min ago")
+            crate::tr!("{m} min ago", m = m).to_string()
         } else {
-            format!("{m} min {s} sec ago")
+            crate::tr!("{m} min {s} sec ago", m = m, s = s).to_string()
         };
     }
     if diff < DAY {
         let (h, m) = (diff / HOUR, (diff % HOUR) / MIN);
         return if m == 0 {
-            format!("{h} hr ago")
+            crate::tr!("{h} hr ago", h = h).to_string()
         } else {
-            format!("{h} hr {m} min ago")
+            crate::tr!("{h} hr {m} min ago", h = h, m = m).to_string()
         };
     }
     if diff < WEEK {
         let d = diff / DAY;
-        return format!("{d} day{} ago", plural(d));
+        return crate::trn!("{n} day ago", "{n} days ago", d).to_string();
     }
     if diff < YEAR {
         return format_month_day(mtime_unix);
     }
     format_date(mtime_unix)
 }
 
-fn plural(n: i64) -> &'static str {
-    if n == 1 {
-        ""
-    } else {
-        "s"
-    }
-}
-
 /// Days-from-unix-epoch → (Y, M, D) via Howard Hinnant's `civil_from_days`.
 fn ymd(unix: i64) -> (i32, u32, u32) {
     let days = unix.div_euclid(86_400);
@@ -645,9 +637,22 @@ fn ymd(unix: i64) -> (i32, u32, u32) {
 fn format_month_day(unix: i64) -> String {
     let (_, m, d) = ymd(unix);
     const NAMES: [&str; 12] = [
-        "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec",
+        crate::msgid!("Jan"),
+        crate::msgid!("Feb"),
+        crate::msgid!("Mar"),
+        crate::msgid!("Apr"),
+        crate::msgid!("May"),
+        crate::msgid!("Jun"),
+        crate::msgid!("Jul"),
+        crate::msgid!("Aug"),
+        crate::msgid!("Sep"),
+        crate::msgid!("Oct"),
+        crate::msgid!("Nov"),
+        crate::msgid!("Dec"),
     ];
-    format!("{} {}", NAMES[(m as usize - 1).min(11)], d)
+    let month = NAMES[(m as usize - 1).min(11)];
+    let month = crate::i18n::tr_dynamic(month).unwrap_or_else(|| month.into());
+    format!("{month} {d}")
 }
 
 fn format_date(unix: i64) -> String {

diff --git a/crates/ferail-fs-native/src/magic/types.rs b/crates/ferail-fs-native/src/magic/types.rs
@@ -167,126 +167,128 @@ impl MagicType {
     pub fn display_name(&self) -> &'static str {
         match self {
             // Documents
-            MagicType::Pdf => "PDF document",
+            MagicType::Pdf => ferail_core::msgid!("PDF document"),
 
             // Office: extension is more familiar to users than
             // "Document (Word)" style. Keep concise.
-            MagicType::DocWord | MagicType::DocWordMacro | MagicType::DocWordOle => "Word document",
+            MagicType::DocWord | MagicType::DocWordMacro | MagicType::DocWordOle => {
+                ferail_core::msgid!("Word document")
+            }
             MagicType::DocExcel | MagicType::DocExcelMacro | MagicType::DocExcelOle => {
-                "Excel spreadsheet"
+                ferail_core::msgid!("Excel spreadsheet")
             }
             MagicType::DocPowerPoint
             | MagicType::DocPowerPointMacro
-            | MagicType::DocPowerPointOle => "PowerPoint presentation",
-            MagicType::OleCompound => "Compound document",
+            | MagicType::DocPowerPointOle => ferail_core::msgid!("PowerPoint presentation"),
+            MagicType::OleCompound => ferail_core::msgid!("Compound document"),
 
             // Archives: match the historical flat-table labels exactly
             // so existing format_label tests keep passing.
-            MagicType::Zip => "ZIP archive",
-            MagicType::ZipEncrypted => "ZIP archive",
-            MagicType::Rar => "RAR archive",
-            MagicType::SevenZip => "7z archive",
-            MagicType::Lha => "LHA archive",
-            MagicType::Lzx => "LZX archive",
-            MagicType::ExeAmiga => "Amiga executable",
-            MagicType::ObjAmiga => "Amiga object file",
-            MagicType::LibAmiga => "Amiga link library",
-            MagicType::AmigaIcon => "Amiga icon",
-            MagicType::Ilbm => "IFF ILBM image",
-            MagicType::Svx8 => "IFF 8SVX audio",
-            MagicType::IffAnim => "IFF ANIM animation",
-            MagicType::IffSmus => "IFF SMUS score",
-            MagicType::TrackerModule => "Tracker module",
-            MagicType::AdfDisk => "Amiga disk image",
-            MagicType::DmsDisk => "DMS disk image",
-            MagicType::AmigaGuide => "AmigaGuide document",
-            MagicType::Tar => "TAR archive",
-            MagicType::Gzip => "Gzip archive",
-            MagicType::Xz => "XZ archive",
-            MagicType::Bzip2 => "Bzip2 archive",
-            MagicType::Zstd => "Zstandard archive",
-
-            MagicType::AppJar => "Java JAR",
-            MagicType::AppApk => "Android APK",
+            MagicType::Zip => ferail_core::msgid!("ZIP archive"),
+            MagicType::ZipEncrypted => ferail_core::msgid!("ZIP archive"),
+            MagicType::Rar => ferail_core::msgid!("RAR archive"),
+            MagicType::SevenZip => ferail_core::msgid!("7z archive"),
+            MagicType::Lha => ferail_core::msgid!("LHA archive"),
+            MagicType::Lzx => ferail_core::msgid!("LZX archive"),
+            MagicType::ExeAmiga => ferail_core::msgid!("Amiga executable"),
+            MagicType::ObjAmiga => ferail_core::msgid!("Amiga object file"),
+            MagicType::LibAmiga => ferail_core::msgid!("Amiga link library"),
+            MagicType::AmigaIcon => ferail_core::msgid!("Amiga icon"),
+            MagicType::Ilbm => ferail_core::msgid!("IFF ILBM image"),
+            MagicType::Svx8 => ferail_core::msgid!("IFF 8SVX audio"),
+            MagicType::IffAnim => ferail_core::msgid!("IFF ANIM animation"),
+            MagicType::IffSmus => ferail_core::msgid!("IFF SMUS score"),
+            MagicType::TrackerModule => ferail_core::msgid!("Tracker module"),
+            MagicType::AdfDisk => ferail_core::msgid!("Amiga disk image"),
+            MagicType::DmsDisk => ferail_core::msgid!("DMS disk image"),
+            MagicType::AmigaGuide => ferail_core::msgid!("AmigaGuide document"),
+            MagicType::Tar => ferail_core::msgid!("TAR archive"),
+            MagicType::Gzip => ferail_core::msgid!("Gzip archive"),
+            MagicType::Xz => ferail_core::msgid!("XZ archive"),
+            MagicType::Bzip2 => ferail_core::msgid!("Bzip2 archive"),
+            MagicType::Zstd => ferail_core::msgid!("Zstandard archive"),
+
+            MagicType::AppJar => ferail_core::msgid!("Java JAR"),
+            MagicType::AppApk => ferail_core::msgid!("Android APK"),
 
             // Images
-            MagicType::Jpeg => "JPEG image",
-            MagicType::Png => "PNG image",
-            MagicType::Gif => "GIF image",
-            MagicType::Bmp => "BMP image",
-            MagicType::Webp => "WebP image",
-            MagicType::Ico => "Icon file",
-            MagicType::Tiff => "TIFF image",
-            MagicType::Heic => "HEIC image",
-            MagicType::Svg => "XML / SVG",
+            MagicType::Jpeg => ferail_core::msgid!("JPEG image"),
+            MagicType::Png => ferail_core::msgid!("PNG image"),
+            MagicType::Gif => ferail_core::msgid!("GIF image"),
+            MagicType::Bmp => ferail_core::msgid!("BMP image"),
+            MagicType::Webp => ferail_core::msgid!("WebP image"),
+            MagicType::Ico => ferail_core::msgid!("Icon file"),
+            MagicType::Tiff => ferail_core::msgid!("TIFF image"),
+            MagicType::Heic => ferail_core::msgid!("HEIC image"),
+            MagicType::Svg => ferail_core::msgid!("XML / SVG"),
 
             // Video
-            MagicType::Mp4 => "MP4 video",
-            MagicType::Mov => "QuickTime movie",
-            MagicType::Avi => "AVI video",
-            MagicType::Mkv => "Matroska / WebM",
-            MagicType::Webm => "Matroska / WebM",
+            MagicType::Mp4 => ferail_core::msgid!("MP4 video"),
+            MagicType::Mov => ferail_core::msgid!("QuickTime movie"),
+            MagicType::Avi => ferail_core::msgid!("AVI video"),
+            MagicType::Mkv => ferail_core::msgid!("Matroska / WebM"),
+            MagicType::Webm => ferail_core::msgid!("Matroska / WebM"),
 
             // Audio
-            MagicType::Mp3 => "MP3 audio",
-            MagicType::Wav => "WAV audio",
-            MagicType::Flac => "FLAC audio",
-            MagicType::Ogg => "Ogg audio",
-            MagicType::Aiff => "AIFF audio",
-            MagicType::M4a => "M4A audio",
-            MagicType::Asf => "Windows Media",
+            MagicType::Mp3 => ferail_core::msgid!("MP3 audio"),
+            MagicType::Wav => ferail_core::msgid!("WAV audio"),
+            MagicType::Flac => ferail_core::msgid!("FLAC audio"),
+            MagicType::Ogg => ferail_core::msgid!("Ogg audio"),
+            MagicType::Aiff => ferail_core::msgid!("AIFF audio"),
+            MagicType::M4a => ferail_core::msgid!("M4A audio"),
+            MagicType::Asf => ferail_core::msgid!("Windows Media"),
 
             // Data
-            MagicType::Json => "JSON",
-            MagicType::Xml => "XML",
-            MagicType::Html => "HTML document",
-            MagicType::NfoScene => "Scene NFO",
-            MagicType::NfoKodi => "Kodi NFO",
-            MagicType::NfoMsInfo => "System Information NFO",
-            MagicType::ChecksumSfv => "SFV checksum list",
-            MagicType::ChecksumList => "Checksum list",
-            MagicType::Sqlite => "SQLite database",
+            MagicType::Json => ferail_core::msgid!("JSON"),
+            MagicType::Xml => ferail_core::msgid!("XML"),
+            MagicType::Html => ferail_core::msgid!("HTML document"),
+            MagicType::NfoScene => ferail_core::msgid!("Scene NFO"),
+            MagicType::NfoKodi => ferail_core::msgid!("Kodi NFO"),
+            MagicType::NfoMsInfo => ferail_core::msgid!("System Information NFO"),
+            MagicType::ChecksumSfv => ferail_core::msgid!("SFV checksum list"),
+            MagicType::ChecksumList => ferail_core::msgid!("Checksum list"),
+            MagicType::Sqlite => ferail_core::msgid!("SQLite database"),
 
             // Executables: keep "executable" in the string so
             // icons::classify_file's substring matcher still resolves
             // to FileTypeTint::Executable.
-            MagicType::ExeWindows => "PE / DOS executable",
-            MagicType::DllWindows => "PE / DOS executable",
-            MagicType::ExeWindowsNet => "PE / DOS executable",
-            MagicType::ExeLinux => "ELF executable",
-            MagicType::SoLinux => "ELF executable",
-            MagicType::ExeMac => "Mach-O executable",
-            MagicType::DylibMac => "Mach-O dylib",
-            MagicType::ObjMac => "Mach-O object",
-            MagicType::MachOFat => "Mach-O fat / Java class",
+            MagicType::ExeWindows => ferail_core::msgid!("PE / DOS executable"),
+            MagicType::DllWindows => ferail_core::msgid!("PE / DOS executable"),
+            MagicType::ExeWindowsNet => ferail_core::msgid!("PE / DOS executable"),
+            MagicType::ExeLinux => ferail_core::msgid!("ELF executable"),
+            MagicType::SoLinux => ferail_core::msgid!("ELF executable"),
+            MagicType::ExeMac => ferail_core::msgid!("Mach-O executable"),
+            MagicType::DylibMac => ferail_core::msgid!("Mach-O dylib"),
+            MagicType::ObjMac => ferail_core::msgid!("Mach-O object"),
+            MagicType::MachOFat => ferail_core::msgid!("Mach-O fat / Java class"),
 
             // Scripts: keep "script" in the string for the
             // classifier substring matcher.
-            MagicType::ScriptBash => "Shell script",
-            MagicType::ScriptPython => "Python script",
-            MagicType::ScriptPerl => "Perl script",
-            MagicType::ScriptRuby => "Ruby script",
-            MagicType::ScriptNode => "Node.js script",
-            MagicType::ScriptOther => "Script",
+            MagicType::ScriptBash => ferail_core::msgid!("Shell script"),
+            MagicType::ScriptPython => ferail_core::msgid!("Python script"),
+            MagicType::ScriptPerl => ferail_core::msgid!("Perl script"),
+            MagicType::ScriptRuby => ferail_core::msgid!("Ruby script"),
+            MagicType::ScriptNode => ferail_core::msgid!("Node.js script"),
+            MagicType::ScriptOther => ferail_core::msgid!("Script"),
 
             // Text
-            MagicType::TextIni => "INI",
-            MagicType::TextReg => "Windows Registry",
-            MagicType::TextPlain => "Plain text",
-            MagicType::Utf8Bom => "UTF-8 text",
-            MagicType::Utf16Le => "UTF-16 LE text",
-            MagicType::Utf16Be => "UTF-16 BE text",
+            MagicType::TextIni => ferail_core::msgid!("INI"),
+            MagicType::TextReg => ferail_core::msgid!("Windows Registry"),
+            MagicType::TextPlain => ferail_core::msgid!("Plain text"),
+            MagicType::Utf8Bom => ferail_core::msgid!("UTF-8 text"),
+            MagicType::Utf16Le => ferail_core::msgid!("UTF-16 LE text"),
+            MagicType::Utf16Be => ferail_core::msgid!("UTF-16 BE text"),
 
             // Windows
-            MagicType::Lnk => "Windows shortcut",
-            MagicType::Url => "Internet shortcut",
+            MagicType::Lnk => ferail_core::msgid!("Windows shortcut"),
+            MagicType::Url => ferail_core::msgid!("Internet shortcut"),
 
             // Fonts
-            MagicType::OpenType => "OpenType font",
-            MagicType::TrueType => "TrueType font",
+            MagicType::OpenType => ferail_core::msgid!("OpenType font"),
+            MagicType::TrueType => ferail_core::msgid!("TrueType font"),
 
-            MagicType::Folder => "Folder",
-            MagicType::Binary => "Binary",
+            MagicType::Folder => ferail_core::msgid!("Folder"),
+            MagicType::Binary => ferail_core::msgid!("Binary"),
             MagicType::Unknown => "",
         }
     }

diff --git a/crates/ferail-gpui/src/entry_info.rs b/crates/ferail-gpui/src/entry_info.rs
@@ -249,8 +249,10 @@ pub fn gather(path: &Path, known_size: Option<u64>) -> EntryInfo {
     let fmt_date = fsn::stat_info::format_local_datetime;
 
     // ---- General ----
-    let mut general =
-        InfoSection::new(tr!("General").to_string()).text_if(tr!("Kind").to_string(), kind.clone());
+    let mut general = InfoSection::new(tr!("General").to_string()).text_if(
+        tr!("Kind").to_string(),
+        crate::i18n::tr_dyn(&kind).to_string(),
+    );
     if let Some(uti) = sh.uti.clone() {
         general = general.text_if(tr!("Type").to_string(), uti);
     }
@@ -1183,7 +1185,7 @@ impl Render for EntryInfoView {
             div()
                 .text_scale_xs()
                 .text_color(muted)
-                .child(self.kind.clone()),
+                .child(crate::i18n::tr_dyn(&self.kind)),
         );
 
         let content = v_flex()