Add Pylint workflow for Python code analysis

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[sylvesterkaczmarek]

This workflow cannot successfully lint the current TORAX tree as written. The project declares requires-python = ">=3.12", but the matrix only runs 3.8–3.10, and the job installs only pylint, not TORAX or its dependencies. That means the proposed check targets unsupported interpreters and will also emit import errors for normal imports such as JAX/Flax rather than useful project diagnostics. Could the matrix use the supported Python versions and install the project/dev extra before invoking pylint (for example, pip install -e '.[dev]')?