Strip variant-prefixed classes from combined HTML snapshot

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 2026-08-11
+
+### Changes
+
+- Page snapshots no longer carry variant-prefixed classes such as `dark:`, `hover:` or `md:`. Those
+  classes describe how an element looks in some other state, not what it is, so the agents now read
+  a smaller and less noisy page.
+
 ## 2026-08-06
 
 ### Global Installation

src/utils/html.ts

@@ -1518,6 +1518,7 @@ function cleanElement(element: parse5TreeAdapter.Element): void {
       attr.value = attr.value
         .split(/\s+/)
         .filter((className) => !/\d/.test(className))
+        .filter((className) => !className.includes(':'))
         .filter((className) => !TAILWIND_CLASS_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(className)))
         .join(' ');