Computer Networks & Architecture –

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1. Computation & Processors

• Computation – The act of processing data to get results using logical and mathematical operations.
• X-86 – A popular processor architecture used in most desktops and laptops (Intel/AMD).
• ARM – A power-efficient processor architecture commonly used in smartphones, tablets, and embedded devices.
• RISC-V – An open-source processor architecture that anyone can use and customize.
• Intel – A major company producing processors like Core i3/i5/i7/i9.
• AMD – A company producing processors and GPUs, known for Ryzen and EPYC chips.
• Apple – Tech company making M1, M2, and M3 ARM-based processors for Macs and iPads.
• Qualcomm – Makes Snapdragon mobile processors for Android devices.
• Closed Source – Technology whose design and source code are kept private by the owner.
• Open Source – Technology whose design or code is publicly available for anyone to use or modify.
• Mobile Processor – CPUs designed for smartphones and tablets, optimized for low power use.
• Snapdragon – Qualcomm’s flagship mobile processor series.

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2. Networking Basics

• Network – A group of connected devices that share data and resources.
• Public – Accessible to anyone on the internet.
• Private – Restricted to specific users or devices.
• Internet – A global network connecting millions of private, public, academic, and business networks.
• Intranet – A private network used within an organization.
• LAN (Local Area Network) – A network covering a small area, like a home or office.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) – A network spanning a city or large campus.
• WAN (Wide Area Network) – A network covering a large area, often connecting multiple LANs and MANs.
• Cloud – Remote servers accessed over the internet for storage or computing.
• VPN (Virtual Private Network) – A secure, encrypted connection over a public network.
• Virtual – Something that exists in software, not physically.

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3. IP Addressing

• Public IP – The address visible to the internet, assigned by your ISP.
• Private IP – An IP address used inside a private network (e.g., 192.168.x.x).
• 192.168.x.x – Common range for private IP addresses in home networks.
• Localhost – IP address 127.0.0.1, used to refer to your own computer.
• 127.x.y.z – Loopback IP addresses for internal testing.
• IPv4 – Internet Protocol version 4, uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.0.2.1).
• IPv6 – Newer protocol with 128-bit addresses for more unique IPs.
• APIPA – Automatic private IP given when DHCP fails (e.g., 169.254.x.x).
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) – Automatically assigns IP addresses and network settings to devices on a network.
• DNS (Domain Name System) – Converts website names into IP addresses.

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4. Storage & Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary memory for active processes.
• Storage – Permanent memory for saving data and files.

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5. Protocols & Standards

• Protocol – A set of rules for communication between devices.
• Rules – Instructions defining how data is transferred.
• Standard – An agreed-upon format or method followed by everyone.

6. Some other keywords

• Devices – Hardware used to connect to or operate a network.
• Desktop / Laptop – Personal computing devices.
• Servers – Powerful computers providing resources or services to clients.
• Data Store – Place where data is saved.
• Virtual Page – Part of virtual memory mapping in an OS.

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