chore(release): 2.8.2

[chaoming0625]

Summary

• Bump version to 2.8.2 (brainpy/_version.py)
• Fix the Codecov coverage badge, which was stuck showing "unknown" — Codecov's project settings still pointed at the retired master branch after the main rename in Update branch references from master to main #870; adding codecov.yml with codecov.branch: main fixes it
• Fix invalid toctree link syntax in docs/api.rst (double backticks → single backtick for the brainpy.state external link entry)
• Add the 2.8.2 changelog entry

Test plan

• brainpy/_version.py reads 2.8.2
• Verified via Codecov's public API that the repo's stored default branch was master while main's latest processed commit report was missing — root cause of the "unknown" badge
• CI on this branch

Summary by Sourcery

Prepare the 2.8.2 maintenance release with updated versioning, documentation, and coverage configuration.

Bug Fixes:

• Correct the docs/api.rst toctree link syntax for the brainpy.state entry so it renders as a working external link.

Enhancements:

• Add a detailed 2.8.2 changelog entry describing compatibility, documentation, and tooling changes.

Build:

• Bump the recorded package version to 2.8.2 in brainpy/_version.py.
• Add codecov.yml to pin the default tracked branch to main and ensure the coverage badge reports correctly.

Documentation:

• Update the changelog with the 2.8.2 release notes, including bug fixes and tooling changes.

[sourcery-ai]

Reviewer's Guide

Release prep for 2.8.2: version bump, changelog entry, docs link/toctree fixes, and CI/Codecov configuration updates to fully transition from master to main and restore coverage badge behavior.

File-Level Changes

Change	Details	Files
Prepare the codebase for the 2.8.2 release.	Update the library version constant from 2.8.1 to 2.8.2. Ensure version info tuple remains aligned with the updated version string.	brainpy/_version.py
Document the 2.8.2 release and summarize its fixes.	Add a new 2.8.2 section with release date and high-level description. List bug fixes, documentation updates, and build/tooling changes specific to this release.	changelog.md
Fix documentation rendering and external link behavior in the API reference.	Correct toctree link syntax for the brainpy.state entry by using single backticks so it is treated as an external link instead of plain text.	docs/api.rst
Restore correct Codecov coverage reporting after the branch rename.	Introduce a Codecov configuration file that pins the default tracked branch to main so coverage reports and the README badge update correctly.	codecov.yml

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.

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