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feat: accept native CUDA timings for autoregressive execution - #561

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milesial:alexandrem/native-ar-cuda-timings
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@milesial milesial commented Oct 22, 2026 •

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FPM tables for plain decoding already load under the wall-time policies, but the native CUDA model-step policy accepts only speculative rounds. Before this change, a native CUDA table measured without speculation had no valid policy and was rejected. After this change, it loads under the new schema-7 policy vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1, on the same clock as the speculative tables. In a functional check with captured GB200 timings, the baseline rejected all four tensor-parallel tables, and with this change all 4341 imported queries returned their recorded latency exactly.

Why and what changed

  • The new policy reuses the native CUDA rules for timing scope (model_step_cuda) and actual-sample reduction. The timing covers the complete model step, including sampling.
  • Rows under it must have the full text autoregressive execution identity. Speculative, partial-phase and multimodal rows are rejected.
  • Decode and cached-prefill rows must carry kv_seed_regime: real_kv, so fake-KV rows cannot be healed into these measured cells.
  • A speculative verify query (verify_width > 1) cannot use these cells. The operator and the readiness check reject it, and legacy non-AR speculative hybrids are unchanged.
  • The speculative CUDA policy and the scheduler wall-time policies are unchanged. This change adds no collector and no measurements.

Review map

  • Risk level: low. The policy is additive.
  • Start with: crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs (policy match and row checks), then operators/fpm_forward.rs (speculative guard).
  • Public or serialized contract changed: yes. A new accepted measurement_policy value for schema-7 vLLM sidecars.
  • Compatibility or rollback concern: none. Existing tables load and query as before.

Evidence

  • Tests: cargo test -p aisimulate-core --lib fpm passes (491 tests).
  • Fast CI and Full CI: passed on afe9059b6710a9dd380c45e55f2f7d4c1ae8d0d3 (70 passed, 2 skipped, 0 failed).
  • CodeRabbit reviewed commit: df915d4d. Its finding (speculative queries selected AR cells) is fixed in f0bf97f7.
  • Negative or boundary cases: synthetic fixtures reject speculative, partial-phase, multimodal, wrong-clock, zero-count, unknown-reduction and fake-KV rows. A relabeled speculative table is rejected. An AR table rejects verify_width=2 in both the query and the readiness check, and a non-AR table with the same rows still answers it.
  • Expected-value derivation: the fixture records 7 ms at batch 8 and KV 4096, and the test expects that value unchanged.

Modeling or data provenance

The functional check used private GB200 timing tables with MTP disabled, for tensor parallel 1, 2, 4 and 8, captured with vLLM 0.31.0. The check ran on a CPU host. It is not a GPU measurement and not a timing claim. Both variants carried the same unmerged prerequisite, #606, for observed Mamba cache geometry, so this is not a comparison with unmodified main. The check ran on an earlier revision, 0d538f7a. Later changes are a test fix, a refactor, documentation, and the speculative guard, which these queries do not reach.

Check Baseline (base + #606) This change + #606
Import of the four tables rejected: unsupported FPM measurement_policy accepted
Exact queries none 4341 of 4341, maximum relative error 0.0
Heldout queries (repeated shapes) none all predicted. Median error 0.46% to 1.14%. P90 error 2.7% to 11.4%
Replay, 1 request and 8 requests at concurrency 1 rejected completed for all four tables
Replay, concurrency 2 rejected strict coverage gap: no batch-2 prefill point, no extrapolation

Heldout queries repeat measured shapes, so they are not unseen-context accuracy. Replay rates are simulator output, not measured throughput. No speedup is claimed.

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📝 Summary

Risk: Medium. Three areas need human attention:

  1. Check schema-7 sidecar and row validation against the vLLM timing contract.
  2. Check full-text AR identity, real_kv provenance, and separation from speculative-round and scheduler wall-time data.
  3. Confirm test and CI status for the current revision. The functional check used an earlier revision and private timing tables.

Changed behavior and public contract

Adds schema-7 support for vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 in vLLM sidecars with timing_scope: model_step_cuda. Native CUDA rows must match the sidecar policy and scope. The loader accepts single_sample with count 1 or actual_upper_median with count at least 2. AR rows require the full text autoregressive execution identity. Decode and cached-prefill rows require kv_seed_regime: real_kv.

Adds public Rust API items FPM_NATIVE_AR_CUDA_MEASUREMENT_POLICY and FpmForwardCell.native_ar_only. When an AR-only cell is selected, queries and forward-pass readiness checks reject verify_width > 1 and direct users to speculative-round measurements. The speculative CUDA policy remains separate. The complete model-step timing includes sampling. The change adds no collector or measurements.

Evidence and limitations

The inspected source confirms policy dispatch, native CUDA row scope and sample checks, the AR speculative-query guard, and the readiness check. Tests cover AR policy acceptance and rejection of relabeling cases, plus query and readiness rejection for speculative verify width. The Python regression test distinguishes AR and speculative policy behavior.

The objectives report 490 passing targeted FPM tests. Fast CI and Full CI were still running on the cited revision; results for the current revision are unavailable. The reported 4,341-query check returned recorded latency exactly, but used private GB200 tables, a CPU host, an earlier revision, and a prerequisite. It is not a GPU measurement or a speedup claim. Heldout queries repeated measured shapes, and concurrency-2 replay had a strict coverage gap.

Current review findings and severity counts were not supplied.

Readiness

The inspected code and tests support the stated policy separation and speculative-query boundary. Confirm current-revision test and CI results, and review the validation and provenance contracts before merge. The available technical evidence does not establish merge readiness. This summary is not a review approval.

The change adds a schema-7 native CUDA policy for full-text autoregressive measurements. It validates execution identity, timing scope, KV provenance, and sample metadata. AR-only cells reject speculative widths greater than one. Fixtures, tests, and documentation distinguish these rows from speculative-round measurements.

Changes: Native CUDA autoregressive measurements

Layer / File(s) Summary
AR policy and row validation
crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
The loader recognizes the AR policy, checks execution identity, timing scope, KV provenance, and sample metadata, then marks loaded cells as AR-only.
Speculative-width compatibility check
crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs, crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/readiness.rs
Selected AR-only cells reject verify_width greater than one. Readiness validation invokes the same rejection check.
Fixture updates and Rust policy tests
crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs, crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/runtime.rs
Fixtures record their configured policy, and speculative fixtures retain the FPM policy. Tests cover accepted AR samples and rejected execution, provenance, timing, and sample metadata.
Workflow test and measurement documentation
tests/test_fpm_profile_workflow.py, docs/perf-model/methods/whole-forward.md
The workflow test checks FPM-policy rejection and an approximately 1 ms AR decode estimate. The documentation specifies AR sample requirements and distinguishes AR timing from speculative-round and scheduler measurements.

Priority: Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Merge Risk: Minimal · up to afe90

No merge-blocking issue is established by the supplied changes; complete the normal test checks before merging.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 7 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Description check Warning The description covers most of the template: it explains the problem and behavior change, gives a review map with risk level, start files, and a public contract change, and provides extensive evidence… Reconcile the CI and test evidence with the tested head commit. The description cites CI passing on afe9059, while the PR objectives say CI was still running on f0bf97f. Confirm the commit, then state the exact test count (491 in the desc…
Passed Passed checks: 7 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title precisely states the behavioral change: accepting native CUDA timings for autoregressive execution.
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Cross-Layer Contract Passed The new schema value is handled end to end. Rust validates schema 7, vLLM, model_step_cuda, row policy, reduction/count, AR execution identity, and real_kv provenance in fpm_forward.rs (lines 58-66,…
Modeling And Data Evidence Passed The PR supplies provenance and differential evidence for the selection-logic change. The reproducible workflow test parametrizes both policies, verifies that the speculative policy rejects relabeled A…
Compatibility Boundaries Passed No compatibility-boundary failure is introduced. The new policy remains within schema version 7, and Python already accepts schema 7 with generic measurement-policy metadata validation. The Rust const…
Review Evidence Passed The PR description names cargo test -p aisimulate-core --lib fpm and reports 490 tests passing. It lists relevant negative and boundary cases, including speculative, partial-phase, multimodal, wrong…
Full details: Cross-Layer Contract

Explanation

The new schema value is handled end to end. Rust validates schema 7, vLLM, model_step_cuda, row policy, reduction/count, AR execution identity, and real_kv provenance in fpm_forward.rs (lines 58-66, 579-611, 814-860, 1028-1151). The internal native_ar_only marker is set during cell construction and is consumed by both operator selection and readiness validation (fpm_forward.rs:1284-1305, operators/fpm_forward.rs:145-188, engine/readiness.rs:54-71). The Python binding uses the same loader, and the added workflow test covers both policy values and the reject/accept paths (tests/test_fpm_profile_workflow.py:209-267). Rust tests cover malformed AR rows, operator queries, and forward-pass readiness (fpm_forward.rs:2103-2160, operators/fpm_forward.rs:2630-2660, engine/runtime.rs:6621-6662). Documentation defines the new policy and its constraints (docs/perf-model/methods/whole-forward.md:52-81). No separate Python serializer or CLI allow-list exists for this metadata; the collector remains an unrelated producer path, consistent with the PR's no-collector scope.

Full details: Modeling And Data Evidence

Explanation

The PR supplies provenance and differential evidence for the selection-logic change. The reproducible workflow test parametrizes both policies, verifies that the speculative policy rejects relabeled AR data, and verifies the AR policy returns the declared 1.0 ms value (tests/test_fpm_profile_workflow.py:209-267). Rust fixtures also assert the 7 ms golden value and reject wrong clocks, fake KV, invalid reductions, zero counts, speculative identities, and relabeling (crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:2094-2145). The PR description adds before/after results from vLLM 0.31.0 GB200 tables: baseline import rejection, 4,341/4,341 exact recorded queries after the change, and held-out median and P90 error ranges, with topology and prerequisite provenance. This is not binary-only validation, and no unexplained model-data refresh is present.

Full details: Compatibility Boundaries

Explanation

No compatibility-boundary failure is introduced. The new policy remains within schema version 7, and Python already accepts schema 7 with generic measurement-policy metadata validation. The Rust constant and native_ar_only field are inside the crate-private perf_database module, so no Python binding or external Rust API changed. The documented whole-forward contract names the new policy and its schema-7 rules. The PR changes no Python package, Cargo manifest, binding stub, schema-version constant, or artifact configuration. The existing single maturin wheel and single workspace crate contract remains unchanged, and no Dynamo dependency or integration surface was added.

Full details: Review Evidence

Explanation

The PR description names cargo test -p aisimulate-core --lib fpm and reports 490 tests passing. It lists relevant negative and boundary cases, including speculative, partial-phase, multimodal, wrong-clock, count, reduction, fake-KV, and verify_width=2 rejection. It distinguishes CPU-host functional evidence, simulator replay output, repeated-shape heldout checks, and the absence of GPU or production timing claims. It cites root Fast CI and Full CI status, not inactive nested workflows. The PR diff changes no workflow files.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description covers most of the template: it explains the problem and behavior change, gives a review map with risk level, start files, and a public contract change, and provides extensive evidence and modeling provenance. Gaps: the Evidence section lists CI as passing on afe9059, but the PR objectives say Fast CI and Full CI were still running on f0bf97f, and the description reports 491 tests while the objectives report 490. The description also says the CodeRabbit finding is fixed in f0bf97f but does not state which commit the final tests and CI ran against. The Tracking section and the header/SPDX block are present or N/A as appropriate. Also, the 'Codex reviewed commit' field is required for medium or high risk; the PR is marked low risk, so it is not strictly required, but the description does not state it.

Resolution

Reconcile the CI and test evidence with the tested head commit. The description cites CI passing on afe9059, while the PR objectives say CI was still running on f0bf97f. Confirm the commit, then state the exact test count (491 in the description, 490 in the objectives) and the commit it ran on. Clarify which commit the Fast CI and Full CI results apply to and whether they cover the speculative guard fix in f0bf97f. Also confirm that the 'Codex reviewed commit' field is not needed for this risk level, or add it. Keep the Review map and Evidence fields otherwise as they are.

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Verdict: changes requested (one required change).

The new vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 policy is wired consistently through validate_sidecar, the row-level timing-scope/reduction checks, and the identity guard, and the Rust and Python tests cover relabeling, speculation, phase, modality, clock and reduction mutations. One contract gap remains: KV seed provenance.

Required (inline): AR CUDA rows pass with kv_seed_regime = fake_fallback or empty, and fake_fallback rows are then healed by linear extrapolation while the sidecar advertises genuine CUDA observations. The speculative CUDA policy already rejects this (fake_kv mutation in speculative_native_policy_rejects_clock_relabeling_and_bad_reductions) and the median policies reject it explicitly at the row loop. Add the same rejection for NativeArCudaActualSample decode / cached-prefill rows and a fake_kv mutation to the new test.

Optional: the docs paragraph in whole-forward.md could state the real_kv requirement once that guard lands, so the contract and the loader agree.

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Verdict: approved.

The follow-up commit (fix: require real KV provenance for native AR CUDA rows) resolves the previous required finding. The real_kv provenance guard in load_pair now applies to NativeArCudaActualSample rows as well as non-legacy identities, so a decode or cached-prefill row with fake_fallback or empty kv_seed_regime is rejected before the healing pass. The new fake_kv mutation in autoregressive_native_cuda_policy_preserves_samples_and_rejects_relabeling covers it, and whole-forward.md now states the requirement. No further changes needed.

Note: I reviewed by reading the diff and did not run the Rust or Python test suites.

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Verdict: approved — ready from code review.

Reviewed c9f6b68 against main (42e5bb8). No required changes found.

The schema-7 AR CUDA policy shares the existing scope, row-policy and actual-sample reduction validation while requiring full text AR identity. Decode and cached-prefill rows require real_kv before fake-KV healing. Stored sample latencies remain unchanged, and speculative-round selectors retain their separate policy. Regression coverage exercises the loader and public Python constructor.

Cost assessment: the added checks are bounded per-row work during cached table initialization; the patch adds no query-time processing or retained data structures.

Validation: source and test inspection plus git diff --check. No project programs, tests or builds were run. Public API Rust checks passed on both architectures; broader CI was still running when inspected.

Optional test improvement: the new Rust test's phase mutation writes execution[0] (model_config_sha256). Mutating execution[1] (execution_profile) would directly exercise rejection of partial execution profiles; the current guard already rejects them.

@milesial
milesial force-pushed the alexandrem/native-ar-cuda-timings branch from 0d538f7 to 0503c95 Compare October 28, 2026 16:51
Add the schema-7 vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 policy for full text
autoregressive execution. Decode and cached-prefill rows must carry
kv_seed_regime real_kv.

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>
@milesial
milesial force-pushed the alexandrem/native-ar-cuda-timings branch from 0503c95 to df915d4 Compare October 28, 2026 23:12
@milesial
milesial marked this pull request as ready for review October 29, 2026 01:46
@milesial
milesial requested review from a team as code owners October 29, 2026 01:46

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Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:
- Around line 1028-1036: Update FpmForwardOp’s table-resolution cell selection
to reject NativeArCudaActualSample cells for speculative queries, without
applying a blanket nextn-based rejection to legacy non-AR FPM hybrids.

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Applicability reference: AGENTS.md: # AGENTS **Lint:** `python/aisimulate/.venv/bin/ruff check --config python/aisimulate/pyproject.toml python/aisimulate tests` and `python/aisimulate/.venv/bin/ruff format --check --config python/aisimulat...

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Multi-repo context ai-dynamo/dynamo, ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator

Linked repositories findings

ai-dynamo/dynamo

  • Dynamo self-benchmark artifacts use timing_metric: "scheduler_wall_time", not CUDA-event/model-step timing. They should not be treated as inputs satisfying the new model_step_cuda policy without an explicit conversion. [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::docs/fern/pages/reference/observability/forward-pass-metrics-traces.mdx:162-174]
  • Benchmark output preserves kv_seed_regime alongside FPMs, including real-KV provenance. [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::components/src/dynamo/vllm/worker_factory.py:883-945]
  • The planner accepts supported FPMs based on FPM version only and does not inspect measurement-policy metadata. [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::components/src/dynamo/planner/core/perf_model/ais_adapter.py:373-437]

ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator

  • The formal FPM database importer is a separate schema-6 contract that accepts only dynamo_native_single_sample_v1; a schema-7 table using the new AR policy would be rejected by this gate. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:50-57] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:366-389]
  • Its writer emits that same existing policy and schema. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::collector/fpm_forward/database.py:223-228] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::collector/fpm_forward/database.py:282-291]
  • KV provenance semantics are compatible in principle: fake_fallback rows are marked separately, while only real_kv rows qualify as replacement anchors. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:443-447] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:700-706]

Cells loaded under vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 share the legacy
execution identity, so a verify_width > 1 query could select them.

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>

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Actionable comments posted: 1


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Inline comments:
Review comments at @crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs:
- Around line 2633-2668: Add a separate forward-pass readiness test alongside
verify_query_rejects_autoregressive_native_cuda_cells, using an AR-only native
CUDA fixture with verify_width=2; call Engine::validate_forward_pass_readiness
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  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
Source excerpt: Per-op performance VALUES — latency, energy, the SOL decomposition — are computed only by the compiled engine.

CodeRabbit inference engine (python/aisimulate/.claude/rules/rust-core/parity.md)

Files:

  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/readiness.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
Source excerpt: Keep run logs, investigation notes, and benchmark results out of `docs/`; measured evidence belongs under `benchmarks/evidence/`.

CodeRabbit inference engine (AGENTS.md)

Files:

  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/readiness.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
Source excerpt: Binary parquet changes require a machine-readable summary of keys, shapes, units, row counts, coverage, and anomalies plus proof that a real consumer reaches the new data.

CodeRabbit inference engine (REVIEW.md)

Files:

  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/readiness.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
Applicability reference: AGENTS.md: # AGENTS **Lint:** `python/aisimulate/.venv/bin/ruff check --config python/aisimulate/pyproject.toml python/aisimulate tests` and `python/aisimulate/.venv/bin/ruff format --check --config python/aisimulat...

CodeRabbit inference engine (DEVELOPMENT.md)

Files:

  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/engine/readiness.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/operators/fpm_forward.rs
  • crates/core/src/perfmodel/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs
Multi-repo context ai-dynamo/dynamo, ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator

Linked repositories findings

ai-dynamo/dynamo

  • Dynamo’s self-benchmark artifacts emit timing_metric: "scheduler_wall_time"; they do not directly satisfy the PR’s model_step_cuda AR-policy contract. [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::components/src/dynamo/vllm/instrumented_scheduler.py:4251] [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::docs/fern/pages/reference/observability/forward-pass-metrics-traces.mdx:170]
  • The AIS planner’s FPM compatibility gate checks only the FPM version, with no measurement-policy validation. [::ai-dynamo/dynamo::components/src/dynamo/planner/core/perf_model/ais_adapter.py:407-417]

ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator

  • The formal importer remains pinned to schema 6 and dynamo_native_single_sample_v1; a schema-7 sidecar using vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 will be rejected by this frozen compatibility path. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:50-57] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:366-389]
  • Its writer likewise continues producing schema 6 and the legacy measurement policy, so it cannot generate the new AR-policy artifacts. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::collector/fpm_forward/database.py:223-228] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::collector/fpm_forward/database.py:282-291]
  • KV provenance semantics align with the PR: only real_kv rows are marked as valid anchors, while fake_fallback remains distinct. [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::collector/fpm_forward/database.py:160-186] [::ai-dynamo/aiconfigurator::aic-core/rust/aiconfigurator-core/src/perf_database/fpm_forward.rs:704-719]

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>

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Approving. Checked against main:

  • The AR policy reuses the native CUDA sample rules (row policy, timing_scope, reduction and sample count) and admits only rows with the legacy full/text AR identity. Fake-KV decode and cached-prefill rows are rejected, so the healing pass cannot rewrite these cells.
  • native_ar_only is set per loaded pair, and a table holds one pair per system/backend/version, so one cell cannot mix AR CUDA rows with wall-time rows.
  • The verify-width guard is in the operator's select_cell, which every query path goes through (forward pass, totals, KV ceiling, mixed decode baseline, coverage), and in readiness. Wall-time legacy tables still answer verify_width > 1 for the hybrid path.

CI is green on afe9059.

FYI: this PR and #601 both edit the same region of tests/test_fpm_profile_workflow.py. Whichever merges second needs a small rebase.

@milesial
milesial merged commit 882deb4 into ai-dynamo:main Oct 30, 2026
73 checks passed
carlory pushed a commit to carlory/aisimulate that referenced this pull request Oct 30, 2026
…amo#561)

* feat: accept native CUDA timings for autoregressive execution

Add the schema-7 vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 policy for full text
autoregressive execution. Decode and cached-prefill rows must carry
kv_seed_regime real_kv.

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>

* fix: reject speculative verify queries on AR native CUDA cells

Cells loaded under vllm_native_ar_model_step_cuda_v1 share the legacy
execution identity, so a verify_width > 1 query could select them.

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>

* test: cover AR speculative rejection in forward-pass readiness

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Alexandre Milesi <milesial@users.noreply.github.com>
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2 participants