feat(power-electronics): add reproducible v1 backend

containers/power_electronics_v1.NOTICES.md

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+# PowerElectronics v1 runtime notices
+
+The PowerElectronics v1 SIF is a multi-license software aggregate. The
+EngiBench repository license and the dataset license do not replace the
+licenses of software installed in the image.
+
+The image contains Debian 12 (bookworm) packages, Python packages installed
+from PyPI, and ngspice 44.2. Copyright and license notices supplied by Debian
+packages are available inside the image under
+`/usr/share/doc/<package>/copyright`. Python package metadata and license files
+are retained in their installed `.dist-info` directories. The accompanying
+SPDX SBOM is an inventory aid; the installed notices remain authoritative.
+The publication bundle preserves those notices and records the exact Debian
+binary and source package versions in `debian-source-packages.tsv`. Debian
+source packages remain available from
+[`sources.debian.org`](https://sources.debian.org/) and
+[`snapshot.debian.org`](https://snapshot.debian.org/).
+
+The ngspice 44.2 `COPYING` file describes the main license as Modified BSD and
+lists exceptions under LGPL, MPL, GPL, MIT-compatible, and public-domain
+terms. The exact unmodified ngspice 44.2 source archive, including that
+complete `COPYING` file, is distributed with the runtime publication bundle as
+`ngspice-44.2.tar.gz`:
+
+```text
+e7dadfb7bd5474fd22409c1e5a67acdec19f77e597df68e17c5549bc1390d7fd  ngspice-44.2.tar.gz
+```
+
+The SIF was used as a simulation runtime. EngiBench source code and the
+generated PowerElectronics datasets are not copied into it; EngiBench was
+mounted into the container when the dataset was generated.
+
+The SIF is provided without warranty. Recipients remain responsible for
+reviewing the license terms of the components they use or redistribute.

containers/power_electronics_v1.PUBLICATION.md

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+# PowerElectronics v1 runtime publication
+
+The canonical Linux x86_64 runtime is published as a SIF artifact in GitHub
+Container Registry:
+
+```text
+ghcr.io/ideallab/engibench-power-electronics-v1:v1.0.0
+```
+
+For an immutable pull, use its OCI manifest digest:
+
+```bash
+apptainer pull power-electronics-v1.sif \
+  oras://ghcr.io/ideallab/engibench-power-electronics-v1@sha256:3377ea0e2315e9e83a1f042df1a9f9852bf7098a404ed0adc85c8b01c9a3ca85
+```
+
+Verify the downloaded SIF itself before use:
+
+```bash
+echo "40816f203b7e1c68ae37f4d9353bd302486d77988b98733c021f1ff71f48ae02  power-electronics-v1.sif" \
+  | sha256sum --check
+```
+
+The OCI manifest digest identifies the registry manifest; the SIF SHA-256
+identifies the exact file used to generate the dataset. The `v1.0.0` tag is a
+convenience reference, while the digest-pinned form is the reproducible input.
+
+The registry artifact has two OCI referrers: an SPDX SBOM and a provenance
+bundle containing the definition file, checksums, package manifests, installed
+license metadata, and the exact ngspice 44.2 source archive. See
+[`power_electronics_v1.NOTICES.md`](power_electronics_v1.NOTICES.md) for the
+mixed-license disclosure.
+
+The corresponding dataset is
+[`IDEALLab/power_electronics_v1`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/IDEALLab/power_electronics_v1)
+at tag `v1.0.0` and commit
+`eefad7d727ea1e5bef5e1b7088dea20a9b0cd67f`.

containers/power_electronics_v1.def

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+Bootstrap: docker
+From: debian@sha256:f3034a6ec3c1205360777c4aae76234998866ad18806ae62b63a3f84ccad782b
+
+%labels
+    org.opencontainers.image.title "EngiBench PowerElectronics v1 dataset backend"
+    org.opencontainers.image.base.digest "sha256:f3034a6ec3c1205360777c4aae76234998866ad18806ae62b63a3f84ccad782b"
+    org.opencontainers.image.ngspice.version "44.2"
+    org.opencontainers.image.ngspice.source.sha256 "e7dadfb7bd5474fd22409c1e5a67acdec19f77e597df68e17c5549bc1390d7fd"
+
+%post
+    set -eu
+    export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+    apt-get update
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        bison \
+        build-essential \
+        ca-certificates \
+        curl \
+        flex \
+        git \
+        libtool \
+        python3 \
+        python3-venv
+
+    work_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+    archive="$work_dir/ngspice-44.2.tar.gz"
+    curl --fail --location --retry 3 \
+        --output "$archive" \
+        "https://sourceforge.net/projects/ngspice/files/ng-spice-rework/old-releases/44.2/ngspice-44.2.tar.gz/download"
+    echo "e7dadfb7bd5474fd22409c1e5a67acdec19f77e597df68e17c5549bc1390d7fd  $archive" | sha256sum --check
+    tar -xzf "$archive" -C "$work_dir"
+    cd "$work_dir/ngspice-44.2"
+    ./configure \
+        --prefix=/opt/ngspice-44.2 \
+        --enable-relpath \
+        --without-x \
+        --with-readline=no \
+        --with-fftw3=no \
+        --disable-openmp
+    make -j2
+    make install
+    cd /
+    rm -rf "$work_dir"
+
+    python3 -m venv /opt/power-electronics-v1
+    /opt/power-electronics-v1/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir \
+        datasets==5.0.1 \
+        gymnasium==1.3.0 \
+        matplotlib==3.11.2 \
+        networkx==3.6.1 \
+        numpy==2.4.6 \
+        pandas==3.0.6 \
+        pyarrow==25.0.1
+    /opt/power-electronics-v1/bin/pip freeze | sort > /opt/power-electronics-v1-requirements.txt
+
+    apt-get clean
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+%environment
+    export PATH=/opt/power-electronics-v1/bin:/opt/ngspice-44.2/bin:$PATH
+    export NGSPICE_PATH=/opt/ngspice-44.2/bin/ngspice
+    export PYTHONNOUSERSITE=1
+    export MPLBACKEND=Agg
+
+%test
+    set -eu
+    test "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64"
+    /opt/ngspice-44.2/bin/ngspice --version 2>&1 | grep -q "ngspice-44.2"
+    /opt/power-electronics-v1/bin/python -c \
+        "import datasets, gymnasium, matplotlib, networkx, numpy, pandas, pyarrow"