diff --git a/blueprint/src/chapter/gauss_circle.tex b/blueprint/src/chapter/gauss_circle.tex index 29363d6..0c1d15f 100644 --- a/blueprint/src/chapter/gauss_circle.tex +++ b/blueprint/src/chapter/gauss_circle.tex @@ -71,7 +71,17 @@ \section{Known upper and lower bounds} In light of Conjecture \ref{gauss-circle-conj} and \Cref{gauss-circle-lower-23}, in the rest of this section we shall focus on upper bounds on $\theta^{\operatorname{Gauss}}_{k}$ for $k = 2, 3$. -The case $k = 2$ is known classically as Gauss's circle problem. The current sharpest known bound on $\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}}$ is +The case $k = 2$ is known classically as Gauss's circle problem. The following bound is given in Hu's preprint: +\begin{theorem}[Hu (2026) \cite{hu_first_spacing_2026}]\label{gauss-circle-hu-2026} +One has +\[ +\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}} \le \frac{573}{914} = 0.6269146608\ldots. +\] +\end{theorem} + +The manuscript uses the squared-radius variable $X=R^2$ and proves an error bound $O_\varepsilon(X^{573/1828+\varepsilon})$ for every $\varepsilon>0$. Substituting $X=R^2$ and rescaling $\varepsilon$ gives the radius exponent $573/914$ used here. An accompanying \href{https://github.com/hxypqr/gauss-circle-divisor-energy/tree/2e2cc1aa2ae937bf7822889fc73b364444aa61b3}{Lean formalization} proves the deduction from explicitly stated external inputs; those inputs remain hypotheses of its final theorem. + +Li--Yang obtained the following earlier bound: \begin{theorem}[Li--Yang (2023) \cite{li_yang_gauss_2024}] One has $\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}} \le 2\alpha$, where $\alpha = 0.31448\ldots$ is the solution to the equation \[ @@ -84,7 +94,7 @@ \section{Known upper and lower bounds} The value of $\alpha$ is the same as that appearing in \Cref{divisor-2-bound}. Historically, methods used to make progress in the $\alpha_2$ exponent in the Dirichlet divisor problem have led to corresponding improvements in $\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}}$ (and vice versa). This may be unsurprising given that both problems reduce to counting the number of lattice points contained in a curved region with a smooth boundary (with the region being the hyperbola $\{(m,n) \in [0, \infty)^2: mn \le x \}$ in the case of the Dirichlet divisor problem). \end{remark} -The historical progression of upper bounds on $\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}}$ is recorded in \Cref{gauss-circle-table-2} and \Cref{fig:gauss_circle_historical}. +The historical progression of upper bounds on $\theta_2^{\operatorname{Gauss}}$ is recorded in \Cref{gauss-circle-table-2}; \Cref{fig:gauss_circle_historical} illustrates the progression through 2023. \begin{table}[ht] @@ -117,7 +127,9 @@ \section{Known upper and lower bounds} \hline Huxley (2003) \cite{huxley_exponential_2003} & $131/208 = 0.6298\ldots$\\ \hline - Li--Yang (2023) \cite{li_yang_gauss_2024} & $2\alpha* = 0.6289\ldots$\\ + Li--Yang (2023) \cite{li_yang_gauss_2024} & $2\alpha = 0.6289\ldots$\\ + \hline + Hu (2026) \cite{hu_first_spacing_2026} & $573/914 = 0.626914\ldots$\\ \hline \end{tabular} \label{gauss-circle-table-2} @@ -126,6 +138,6 @@ \section{Known upper and lower bounds} \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{chapter/gauss_circle_historical_bounds.png} - \caption{Historical upper bounds on $\theta_2^{\rm Gauss}$} + \caption{Historical upper bounds on $\theta_2^{\rm Gauss}$ through 2023} \label{fig:gauss_circle_historical} \end{figure} diff --git a/blueprint/src/references.bib b/blueprint/src/references.bib index 8480cb8..ac20544 100644 --- a/blueprint/src/references.bib +++ b/blueprint/src/references.bib @@ -2070,6 +2070,14 @@ @article{Hooleypa volume = {20}, } +@misc{hu_first_spacing_2026, + author = {Hu, Xiyu}, + title = {A remark on first spacing in {Gauss}'s circle problem and {Dirichlet}'s divisor problem}, + year = {2026}, + note = {Preprint, with accompanying Lean formalization}, + howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/hxypqr/gauss-circle-divisor-energy/tree/2e2cc1aa2ae937bf7822889fc73b364444aa61b3}}, +} + @article{hua_lattice_points_1942, title = {The lattice-points in a circle}, volume = {os-13},