course-notes.Rmd

---
title: "Course Notes"
subtitle: "Links, tips and resources shared during our live classes, collected from every cohort."
fontsize: 12pt
output:
  html_document:
    df_print: paged
    toc: yes
    toc_depth: 3
    highlight: pygments
    includes:
      in_header:
        - copy-code.html
        - GA_Script.html
      after_body: comment.html
  # pdf_document:
  #   toc: yes
  #   toc_depth: 3
  # word_document:
  #   toc: yes
  #   toc_depth: '3'
header-includes:
- \usepackage{fancyhdr}
- \pagestyle{fancy}
- \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
- \fancyhead[LE,RO]{\thepage}
- \geometry{left=1in,top=0.75in,bottom=0.75in}
- \fancyfoot[CE,CO]{{\includegraphics[height=0.5cm]{images/cc-by-nc.png}} Ujaval Gandhi http://www.spatialthoughts.com}
classoption: a4paper
---

## About These Notes

Every live class at Spatial Thoughts has a running set of notes: answers to participants' questions, tutorials and tools that came up in the discussion, datasets, and pointers for going further. This page collects those notes from all past cohorts of our courses in one place, so every participant can benefit from the questions asked in every class.

The notes are organized by course and then by topic. Within each topic, the resources that came up in the most classes are listed first. Each link was checked when the page was last updated. If you find a broken link, please let us know in the comments below.

New notes are added here after each class ends.

<!-- BEGIN NOTES -->

*Last updated: September 26, 2026*

## Introduction to QGIS

Course material: [Introduction to QGIS](introduction-to-qgis.html){target="_blank"}

### Learning Resources and Community

- QGIS Map Design Book [[Locate press](https://locatepress.com/book/qmd2){target="_blank"}]
- Details of spatial data formats [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSuRw6-kVuY){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS community events [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/wiki/QOD-Events){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Learning Paths [[Spatial Thoughts](https://spatialthoughts.com/learning-paths/){target="_blank"}]
- Useful QGIS tutorials
    - Making a Map (QGIS3) [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/making_a_map.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Performing Spatial Joins (QGIS3) [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_spatial_joins.html){target="_blank"}]
- GIS for Humanitarian Work [[IFRC Network GIS Training Platform](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/en/intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- GIS open courseware [[OCWGIS](https://courses.gisopencourseware.org/){target="_blank"}]
- IFRC training resources [[giscience](https://giscience.github.io/gis-training-resource-center/content/intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- Learning Resources - [[QGIS Tutorials](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/learning_resources.html){target="_blank"}]
- Open source geospatial books [[Locate Press](https://locatepress.com/book/dq32){target="_blank"}]
- Organize project and layers
    - Package Layer tool [[Video](https://youtu.be/RlGluu9MkKE?si=rVcjaRph7PQy8HzD&t=384){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Autosave plugin [[QGIS Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/autoSaver/#plugin-details){target="_blank"}]
- Qgis Books [[Locate Press](https://locatepress.com/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Open Day and Telegram Group [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/wiki/QOD-April-2022){target="_blank"}]
- Understanding QGIS profiles [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6L84WMVka4){target="_blank"}]
- Workflow and Best Practices for Packaging work using GeoPackage. [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/automating-gis-workflows.html#packaging-your-work){target="_blank"}]

### Cartography and Styling

- Automating Map Creation with Print Layout Atlas [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/automating_map_creation.html){target="_blank"}]
- Cartography Tricks. Making the border a darker shade of fill [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/basic_vector_styling.html){target="_blank"}]
- Original James Flannery paper: Non-The Relative Effectiveness of. Some Common Graduated Point Symbols in the Presentation. [[files.eric.ed.gov](https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED045469.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- Create plots in QGIS [[DataPlotly](https://github.com/ghtmtt/DataPlotly){target="_blank"}]
- Example for one-to-many joins [[Time-series animation](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/animating_time_series.html){target="_blank"}]
- Paani: river basin data and maps [[paani.earth](https://paani.earth/){target="_blank"}]
- Add globe visualization on layout [[Plug-in](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/GlobeBuilder/){target="_blank"}]
- Add strava base map - [[webpage](https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/qgis-user/2022-May/051327.html){target="_blank"}]
- Amazing maps by cartographers [[Radiant Maps](https://radiantmaps.co/you-should-make-maps){target="_blank"}]
- Beautiful documentary called Helvetica on the typeface [[watch video](https://www.hustwit.com/helvetica){target="_blank"}]
- Bivariate Choropleth Maps
    - Bivariate Choropleth Maps: A How-to Guide [[joshuastevens.net](https://www.joshuastevens.net/cartography/make-a-bivariate-choropleth-map/){target="_blank"}]
    - Bivariate choropleth maps in QGIS [[bnhr.xyz](https://bnhr.xyz/2019/09/15/bivariate-choropleths-in-qgis.html){target="_blank"}]
- create a story map in Google Earth web - [[Earth outreach](https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/learn/create-a-map-or-story-in-google-earth-web/#let-s-get-started-0){target="_blank"}]
- Expression to format labels for showing 'K' and 'L' suffix for thousands and millions [[Expression](https://pastebin.com/raw/i1U8qk7K){target="_blank"}]
- Flowmap Visualization : [[flowline](https://flowmap.blue/){target="_blank"}]
- Formatting labels with HTML [[expression](https://pastebin.com/raw/MQaUyjkD){target="_blank"}]
- HEX maps tutorial [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#graphical-modeler){target="_blank"}]
- Indian cities population map [[blogs.ubc.ca](https://blogs.ubc.ca/dminney/2019/01/03/proportional-symbol-maps/){target="_blank"}]
- Live Cartography using QGIS and Illustrator by Daniel Huffman [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-oJlmU9QSg){target="_blank"}]
- Locking items in Print Layout [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/print_composer/composer_items/composer_items_options.html#locking-items){target="_blank"}]
- Map themes in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0LFOUaUT4U){target="_blank"}]
- Public health maps using QGIS [[Community+Health+Maps](https://www.birdseyeviewgis.com/blog/category/Community+Health+Maps){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS managing custom styles (diagrams) [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/introduction/general_tools.html?highlight=diagram){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS map gallery [[QGIS Hub](https://hub.qgis.org/map-gallery/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS map themes [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/introduction/general_tools.html#configuring-map-themes){target="_blank"}]
- Stamen Watercolor Basemap
    - Data Source Manager → XYZ → New XYZ Connection
    - Add with the Raster XYZ JPG URL format from [[docs.stadiamaps.com](https://docs.stadiamaps.com/map-styles/stamen-watercolor/){target="_blank"}]
- Styling line with proportional symbol—[[twitter post](https://twitter.com/geomenke/status/1406897308000833538){target="_blank"}]
- Tokyo's Heat Island Effect and Solutions [[Google Earth Interactive Story](https://earth.google.com/web/data=CiQSIhIgYTk3NzMwMDc0NjE3MTFlYWJjNDIyN2FkODE2NGU5Nzc){target="_blank"}]

### Projections and Coordinate Systems

- What UTM Zone am I in? [[mangomap](https://mangomap.com/robertyoung/maps/69585/what-utm-zone-am-i-in-#){target="_blank"}]
- Convert between Orthometric and Ellipsoidal Elevations using GDAL - [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/10/26/convert-between-orthometric-and-ellipsoidal-elevations-using-gdal/){target="_blank"}]
- The Equal Earth Projection [[equal-earth.com](https://equal-earth.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Create globe projection views in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBqZb13L8uQ){target="_blank"}]
- India NSF LCC Projection [[epsg.io](https://epsg.io/7755){target="_blank"}]
- UN Adopts Equal Earth as the official map projection [[News Article](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce30vp55dnlo){target="_blank"}]

### Digitizing, Editing and Field Data Collection

- Georeferencing toposheets [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/georeferencing_basics.html){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS advanced digitization tools [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H9X-ZkoHYY&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HL6dC1q8ZdfdD3h7S3HeDKC){target="_blank"}]
- Advaced Editing tools [[Youtube playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLppGmFLhQ1HL6dC1q8ZdfdD3h7S3HeDKC){target="_blank"}]
- GIS data collection app [[merginmaps.com](https://merginmaps.com/){target="_blank"}] [[qfield.org](https://qfield.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapshaper tutorials
    - Geo Data Processing with Mapshaper [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2015/10/24/mapshaper-command-line/){target="_blank"}]
    - Working with Multiple Data Layers in Mapshape [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKkk3eOsk0){target="_blank"}]
    - Fix Topological and Geometry Errors using QGIS and Mapshaper [[youTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyDj8AvX3H0){target="_blank"}]
    - Clean Up Vectorized Polygons using Mapshaper [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cpoBcUjVuE){target="_blank"}]
- Adding a proposed building to OSM [[wiki.openstreetmap.org](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:building){target="_blank"}] [[Lifecycle Prefix](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Lifecycle_prefix){target="_blank"}]
- Cascading selection in QGIS - [[northrivergeographic.com](https://www.northrivergeographic.com/archives/qgis-3-2-drive-down-lists-aka-value-relation-widget){target="_blank"}]
- Field data collection [[QField](https://in.qgis.org/tutorials/qfield-offline-data-collection/){target="_blank"}]
- Field Data Collection with KoboToolbox and QGIS [[Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vrpj2-FJRvRbxyuE6sSD-QQzcg748dDh/view?usp=drive_link){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS plugins to aid digitizing
    - AI Digitizer/Georeferencer [[buntinglabs.com](https://buntinglabs.com/solutions/ai-vectorizer){target="_blank"}]
    - Raster Tracer [[GitHub](https://github.com/mkondratyev85/raster_tracer/){target="_blank"}]

### Spatial Analysis

- Fuzzy Table Joins in QGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/09/26/fuzzy-table-joins-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS for Urban and Regional Planning [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/03/15/gis-in-urban-and-regional-planning/){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Street Intersection Density for Walkability [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_intersection_density.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Urban Form using Momepy [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPyjyqIOZoU){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Network Analysis [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL7udaJQEm8){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Areal Mean Rainfall [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/areal_mean_rainfall.html){target="_blank"}]
- Service Area Analysis using Openrouteservice [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/service_area_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
- Using 'Execute SQL' tool to run SQL queries against vector layers. [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/origin_destination_matrix.html){target="_blank"}]
- How to visualize sum of line lengths for each district
    - Perform a Table Join using *Join Attributes by Field Value* [[Table Join Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_table_joins.html){target="_blank"}]
- Unpivot GIS data [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/unpivot.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Creating heatmap [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/creating_heatmaps.html){target="_blank"}]
- Tutorials for raster analysis
    - Basic raster styling and analysis [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/raster_styling_and_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Raster mosaicing and clipping [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/raster_mosaicing_and_clipping.html){target="_blank"}]
- A website showing population around a point anywhere in world (using global human settlement layer) - [[tomforth.co.uk](https://www.tomforth.co.uk/circlepopulations/){target="_blank"}]
- Building density map using GEE [[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7048632891676762112){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating weighted centroid [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/14/weighted-centroids-qgis-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- GPS track exercise [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#animating-gps-tracks){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Tourism Sites in Black Forest National Park
    - Extract OSM boundary `boundary="national park"`
    - Extract Tourism location `tourism="all"`
    - Use Mask Plugin [[aeag.github.io](https://aeag.github.io/mask/){target="_blank"}]
    - Add Popularity Data from Google Maps [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/extract_tourist_attractions_data.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
    - Reference website for maps and data [[black-forest-travel.com](https://www.black-forest-travel.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Performing spatial joins [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_spatial_joins.html){target="_blank"}]
- Pole of inaccessibility [[post](https://twitter.com/spatialthoughts/status/1424324698565869569?s=20){target="_blank"}][[mapbox article](https://blog.mapbox.com/a-new-algorithm-for-finding-a-visual-center-of-a-polygon-7c77e6492fbc){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS for Aeronautical Applications. [[QGIS posts](https://www.youtube.com/AntonioLocandro){target="_blank"}] by Antonio Locandro
- QGIS for conservation [[Habitat Analysis](https://dges.carleton.ca/CUOSGwiki/index.php/Habitat_Analysis_using_QGIS_3.22_and_QuickMapServices_Plugin){target="_blank"}]
- Seagrass Monitoring
    - How to monitor seagrass using Satellite Imagery [[Paper1](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-59091-7){target="_blank"}] [[Paper2](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X17305726){target="_blank"}]
    - Global distribution of Seagrasses [[dataset](https://springernature.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Dataset_of_Global_estimates_of_seagrass_blue_carbon_stocks_in_biomass_and_net_primary_production_/29327630){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Index concept [[Video](https://youtu.be/TdIQMsNajng?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Tutorial covering square buffer [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/landuse_buffer.html){target="_blank"}]

### Automation and Next Steps

- 3D visualization and animations [[Advanced QGIS course material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#d-animations-1){target="_blank"}]
- Automating QGIS with Agentic AI [[QGIS MCP](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#automating-qgis-with-agentic-ai){target="_blank"}]
    - Live Demo on Day 1 [[vimeo.com](https://vimeo.com/1223579069/d2eee1bfe2?ts=10773315&share=copy&fl=cl&fe=ci){target="_blank"}]
- Batch processing - [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/batch_processing.html){target="_blank"}]
- Building your Geospatial portfolio website [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/geospatial-portfolio-workshop.html){target="_blank"}]
- Click on a Feature to Open a Link
    - QGIS Actions [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-actions.html){target="_blank"}]
- Enabling reproducible workflows [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#enabling-reproducible-workflows){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Cloud [[qgiscloud.com](https://qgiscloud.com/){target="_blank"}] [[Demo](https://qgiscloud.com/ujaval/NYC_Population_Density_Checkpoint2/?l=nynta_population_density&t=NYC_Population_Density_Checkpoint2&e=-8309121%2C4925496%2C-8161272%2C5012597){target="_blank"}]
- Running QGIS Processing Tools without GUI
    - qgis_process command-line tool [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/user_manual/processing/standalone.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Writing custom python standalone scripts [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/pyqgis-in-a-day.html#writing-standalone-python-scripts){target="_blank"}]
- Web mapping service [[QGIS cloud](https://qgiscloud.com/ujaval/Earthquakes/){target="_blank"}]

### Data Sources

- Scanned old maps [[Hipkiss](https://www.hipkiss.org/scannedmaps/index.html){target="_blank"}][[David Rumsay](https://www.davidrumsey.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Altimetry data for India. SARAL [[mosdac.gov.in](https://www.mosdac.gov.in/saral-altika){target="_blank"}]
- Building Footprints Datasets
    - Microsoft Open Buildings [[microsoft.com](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/maps/bing-maps/building-footprints){target="_blank"}]
    - Google Open Buildings [[sites.research.google](https://sites.research.google/open-buildings/){target="_blank"}]
    - Download Google and MS Buildings data for QGIS [[geodose.com](https://www.geodose.com/2023/08/how-to-download-google-microsoft-building-data.html){target="_blank"}]
- Free vector and raster map data [[naturalearthdata.com](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/){target="_blank"}]
- GeoBoundaries Admin2 Boundaries Layer with correct India International Boundary [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-cloud-native-geospatial.html#zonal-statistics-with-cloud-hosted-data){target="_blank"}]
- GIS Data for India
    - Open with Clear License Terms
        - Community Created Maps of India [[DataMeet](https://projects.datameet.org/maps/){target="_blank"}]
        - Collection of India microdata for research and analysis [[India Microdata](https://www.shivhastawala.com/data){target="_blank"}]
        - Collection of data sources for India with learning resources [[India Data Atlas](https://indiadataatlas.deccanspatial.com/){target="_blank"}]
    - Open with Unclear License Terms
        - A geospatial data platform offering open vector datasets [[Indian Open Maps](https://indianopenmaps.com/){target="_blank"}]
        - Justin Myers Repositories of GIS Data [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers?tab=repositories){target="_blank"}]
        - A unified collection of India's geospatial data [[India Open Geo Data](https://yashveeeeeer.github.io/india-geodata/){target="_blank"}]
- Global Elevation Datasets (DEMS)
    - Comparisons of freely available global DEMS [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/21/3482){target="_blank"}]
    - Catalog of Open DEMs [[OpenTopography](https://portal.opentopography.org/dataCatalog?group=global){target="_blank"}]
- Global Power Plant Database [[WRI data source](https://datasets.wri.org/datasets/global-power-plant-database?map=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){target="_blank"}]
- Guide of Meghalaya Rivers [[A book](http://meghalayarivers.com/){target="_blank"}]
- India Admin Boundaries [[geodata](https://yashveeeeeeer.github.io/india-geodata/){target="_blank"}]
- India boundary shapefile [[SOI Portal](https://surveyofindia.gov.in/pages/downloads){target="_blank"}]
- India Micro dataset [[Unit level dataset](https://www.shivhastawala.com/data){target="_blank"}]
- Indian municipalities data [[Datameet](https://projects.datameet.org/Municipal_Spatial_Data/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapillary - [[mapillary.com](https://www.mapillary.com/){target="_blank"}] [[Traffic sign blog](https://blog.mapillary.com/tutorials/2017/08/21/mapping-traffic-signs-in-osm.html){target="_blank"}]
- Open source GIS data [[Overture maps](https://overturemaps.org/){target="_blank"}]
- OSM map features [[wiki.openstreetmap.org](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_features){target="_blank"}]
- Significant Earthquake Events [[search database](https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/search){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial data for Africa [[Humanitarian data exchange](https://data.humdata.org/){target="_blank"}]
- SRTM data download [[dwtkns.com](https://dwtkns.com/srtm30m/){target="_blank"}]
- Water quality data for India [[opensource](https://thoreau.uchicago.edu){target="_blank"}]

## Advanced QGIS

Course material: [Advanced QGIS](advanced-qgis.html){target="_blank"}

### Learning Resources and Community

- Details of spatial data formats [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSuRw6-kVuY){target="_blank"}]
- Profiles and Startup
    - Launch QGIS with a specific profile [[command](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/374226/launching-qgis-with-specific-user-profile){target="_blank"}]
    - Run python code on startup with --code [[example](https://madmanwoo.gitlab.io/foss4g-python-workshop/startup/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS source code [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/){target="_blank"}]
- Changelog [[qgis.org](https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog314/index.html){target="_blank"}]
- PostGIS in Action [[manning.com](https://www.manning.com/books/postgis-in-action-third-edition){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Support Channels
    - Mailing Lists [[qgis.org](https://www.qgis.org/en/site/getinvolved/mailinglists.html){target="_blank"}]
    - gis.stackexchange.com [[GIS StackExchange](http://gis.stackexchange.com){target="_blank"}]
    - Join QGIS open day telegram channel [[t.me](https://t.me/joinchat/Aq2V5RPoxYYhXqUPoxRWPQ){target="_blank"}]
    - Commercial Support Providers [[qgis.org](https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/commercial_support.html){target="_blank"}]
- Books by Locate Press [[Book](https://locatepress.com/books){target="_blank"}]
- Dr. Hans van der Kwast - [[QGIS Book](https://locatepress.com/book/hyd){target="_blank"}] [[Youtube channel](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHGe8ccP2z2wHQa6B04m4Lg){target="_blank"}] [[Longest path to stream using Network analysis](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWuUmk66aL8){target="_blank"}]
- File QGIS bugs at [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/issues){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Python API [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#introduction-to-the-python-api){target="_blank"}]
- GepPackage vs Shapefile [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/319102/what-is-the-difference-between-geopackage-and-shapefiles){target="_blank"}]
- Importing Spreadsheets or CSV files - [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/importing_spreadsheets_csv.html){target="_blank"}]
- Learn about new QGIS features. Visual Changelog [[qgis.org](https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog312/index.html){target="_blank"}]
- Mastering GDAL Tools course materials [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Use `ogrinfo -al -so <path to pbf> <layer name>` to get summary info of the PDF file
- QGIS bug file - Mac Users - [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Mac-Packager/issues/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS customized installation [[GitHub](https://github.com/haubourg/custom-osgeo4w-qgis){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS learning materials
    - Hans van der Kwast Youtube channel [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHGe8ccP2z2wHQa6B04m4Lg){target="_blank"}]
    - Klas Karlsson Youtube channel [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxs7cfMwzgGZhtUuwhny4-Q){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Open Day [[schedule](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/wiki#qgis-open-day){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Usage Statistics- [[QGIS Open Day Session Video](https://youtu.be/30BQb5cEwgY?t=346){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS video tutorials [[YouTube Playlist](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLppGmFLhQ1HIuEK0hSUq2dwf_87pBFNoX){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Thoughts QGIS Tutorials [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/){target="_blank"}]
- Where we got the data? [[Spatial Thoughts Data Credits](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/introduction-to-qgis.html#data-credits){target="_blank"}]

### Expressions

- Regular Expressions [[Cheatsheet](https://medium.com/factory-mind/regex-tutorial-a-simple-cheatsheet-by-examples-649dc1c3f285){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS expressions
    - Video tutorial by Nyall Dawson – [[Video](https://youtu.be/h-mpUkwDdOQ){target="_blank"}]
    - Introduction to Expressions - QGIS Documentation [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/user_manual/expressions/expression.html){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Expressions [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-expressions.html){target="_blank"}]
- Geometry Generators in QGIS
    - Fuzzing point location `translate(@geometry, randf(0, 0.001), randf(0, 0.001))`
    - Geometry Generator Style Hacks [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8_nMLfyVkc){target="_blank"}]
    - Move Alaska and Hawaii for Mapping [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt_Ku24-GD0){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Homogeneity Testing of Raingauge Data with Advanced QGIS Expressions [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/11/26/spatial-homogeneity-testing-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Coding in field calculator - List of functions [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.16/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_vector/functions_list.html){target="_blank"}]
- Concatenate [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/12062/concatenating-fields-in-field-calculator-of-qgis){target="_blank"}]
- Deprecation of \$ functions:
    - *There are several functions of the form****\$geometry****,****\$id****for obtaining attributes of the current feature. Since QGIS 3.28, they have been deprecated in favor of the variable****@geometry****,****@id****etc*. [[changelog](https://qgis.org/project/visual-changelogs/visualchangelog328/#feature-add-new-variable-form-of-current-feature-expression-functions){target="_blank"}]
    - Instead of \$area, you can use expression functions `area(@geometry)`
- Extract hollow buildings.
    - Use 'Extract by Expression' with expression `num_interior_rings($geometry) > 0`
    - Polygons and Rings Explanation [[esri.github.io](http://esri.github.io/geometry-api-java/doc/Polygon.html){target="_blank"}]
- Find Neighbor Polygons using Summary Aggregate Function in QGIS [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/05/23/neighbor-polygons-aggregate-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Fun with QGIS Expression [[Tutorials](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/index.html#expressions){target="_blank"}][[Talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WMWTfqzo-Y){target="_blank"}]
- Geometry generator examples [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YxjJ-9zIJ0){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Aggregate Function [[Articles](https://spatialthoughts.com/articles/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Expression [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/04/12/summary-aggregation-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Expression [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/04/19/advanced-aggregate-expressions/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS expression Video by Nyall Dawson [[Video](https://youtu.be/h-mpUkwDdOQ?t=2729){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Expressions - Documentation [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_vector/expression.html){target="_blank"}]
- Qgis Expressions [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WMWTfqzo-Y){target="_blank"}]
- Regular expressions cheatsheet [[ihateregex.io](https://ihateregex.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Setting line width based on visible features [[expression](https://pastebin.com/raw/FBqb7KFd){target="_blank"}]
- Symbology with Expressions
    - Styling a River Network with Expressions [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/river_styling_expressions.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Styling Contours in 3D [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/contour_3d_styling.html){target="_blank"}]

### Cartography and Map Design

- Color Brewer : [[colorbrewer2.org](https://colorbrewer2.org/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Map Design Book [[Locate press](https://locatepress.com/book/qmd2){target="_blank"}]
- Steven Bernard (QGIS visualization) – [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/sdbernard?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor){target="_blank"}]
- The Equal Earth Projection [[equal-earth.com](https://equal-earth.com/){target="_blank"}]
- About the equal earth projection [[equal-earth.com](https://equal-earth.com/equal-earth-projection.html){target="_blank"}]
- Bee vision - [[Video](https://youtu.be/QTTobrJ_uDU){target="_blank"}]
- Better maps with selective label masks in QGIS [[anitagraser.com](https://anitagraser.com/2022/08/14/forget-label-buffers-better-maps-with-selective-label-masks-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Choosing Appropriate Projection: A Practical Introduction to GIS [[Video](https://youtu.be/YSuRw6-kVuY?t=1070&si=gWSg5-sfXrAwWWg2){target="_blank"}]
- Community-created QGIS Styles [[resource hub](https://hub.qgis.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating a colorized river basin map [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/colorized_river_basin_map.html){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Isometric Buildings [[tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/isometric_buildings.html){target="_blank"}]
- Equal Area Projection [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal-area_map#List_of_equal-area_projections){target="_blank"}]
- Equal Earth projection [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/spatial-data-viz.html#map-projections-and-coordinate-reference-systems){target="_blank"}]
- Guide to coordinate systems [[ihatecoordinatesystems.com](https://ihatecoordinatesystems.com/){target="_blank"}]
- How India Lives Series [[livemint.com](https://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Author/Sriharsha%20Devulapalli){target="_blank"}]
- Importance of data normalization [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1cB6sF_Lo3w2YKhhxSPZdKKaYVT2ID91Jcvf-E0P4MUk/edit#slide=id.p){target="_blank"}]
- India NSF Standards Code Book - [[ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266797358_A_NATIONAL_STANDARD_FOR_EO_IMAGES_THEMATIC_CARTOGRAPHIC_MAPS_GIS_DATABASES_AND_SPATIAL_OUTPUTS_GOVERNMENT_OF_INDIA_DEPARTMENT_OF_SPACE_INDIAN_SPACE_RESEARCH_ORGANISATION_NNRMS_SECRETARIAT){target="_blank"}]
- Labeling [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/260775/how-to-put-label-text-in-two-rows-using-qgis){target="_blank"}]
- Map themes [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.34/en/docs/user_manual/introduction/general_tools.html#map-themes){target="_blank"}]
- Map tip [[Doc](https://docs.qgis.org/3.34/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_vector/vector_properties.html#maptips){target="_blank"}]
- Migration Maps of Birds [[BirdCount India](https://birdcount.in/migration-map/ashdro1/){target="_blank"}]
- OmniSci demo [[omnisci.com](https://www.omnisci.com/demos/taxis){target="_blank"}]
- OpenStreetMap styling [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/90086/seeking-qml-or-sld-file-for-qgis-openstreetmap-data){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Data Classification Methods
    - Documentation [[axismaps.com](https://www.axismaps.com/guide/data-classification){target="_blank"}]
    - Explanation [[axismaps.com](https://www.axismaps.com/guide/data-classification){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Map Design Book [[Book](https://locatepress.com/qmd2){target="_blank"}]
- Raj Bhagat Twitter [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/rajbhagatt){target="_blank"}]
- Replacing default map for 'world' keyword [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2025/10/13/world-map-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Styles [[QGIS Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/styles/){target="_blank"}]
- Styling - [[Anita Grazer Blog](https://anitagraser.com/2014/05/31/a-guide-to-googlemaps-like-maps-with-osm-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Styling lines using Interpolated line symbol [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtnD-bXfV58){target="_blank"}]
- Tracking the Rain Bird
    - The Pied Cuckoo and the South Asian Monsoon [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NP_VeuyIKuQ){target="_blank"}]
    - Full Story presented at Geo for Good User Summit 2017 [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIe3O2dU9Bc&list=PLWw80tqUZ5J-susHYnxx8ZRL6ltcSEUe5){target="_blank"}]
- What is WGS84? Video on Datum [[Video](https://youtu.be/yfLjnK569XY?t=932){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Vector Tiles [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RF4-Ddoti9A){target="_blank"}]
- XKCD on projections [[xkcd.com](https://xkcd.com/977/){target="_blank"}]

### Animation and Temporal Data

- Temporal Gap-Filling with Linear Interpolation in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/11/08/temporal-interpolation-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Time handling and map animation [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vgDg5cRwPRw){target="_blank"}]
- Animated smoke map [[Blog](https://medium.com/@steve.bernard/etcdf-optionscreating-animated-smoke-map-4cd8f3480da4){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Movement Data in QGIS [[Tutorials by Anita Graser](https://anitagraser.com/movement-data-in-gis/){target="_blank"}]
- Movement data in GIS [[anitagraser.com](http://anitagraser.com/2016/10/09/movement-data-in-gis-2-visualization/){target="_blank"}]
- Processing time-series data using pandas [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#elevation-profile-plot-from-a-gps-track){target="_blank"}]
- Steven Bernard – YouTube [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrBM8Ka8HhDAYvQY1VX2P0w){target="_blank"}]
    - US wildfires Smoke Animation QGIS – Medium Post [[Blog](https://medium.com/@steve.bernard/etcdf-optionscreating-animated-smoke-map-4cd8f3480da4){target="_blank"}]
- 3D Fly-through video made from google earth studio [[Adithya's Project](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsY1Z-WK5EM){target="_blank"}]
- Adding Distance and Speed to GPS Animation [[additional course material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#animating-gps-tracks-with-distance-and-speed-labels){target="_blank"}]
- Animation tool for Google Earth’s satellite and 3D imagery [[Google Earth Studio](https://www.google.com/earth/studio/){target="_blank"}]
- Converting Points to Paths using [[Points to Path algorithm](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/processing_algs/qgis/vectorcreation.html#points-to-path){target="_blank"}]
- Creating an Animated Cartogram [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/cartogram_animation.html){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Animated Flight Lines in QGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/03/21/animated-flight-lines/){target="_blank"}]
- Date and time formatting [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/expressions/functions_list.html#expression-function-date-and-time-format-date){target="_blank"}]
- Geospatial Animation with QGIS Atlas [[Blog](https://medium.com/@tjukanov/geospatial-animations-with-qgis-atlas-995d7ddb2d67){target="_blank"}]
- Google Earth Studio [[earth.google.com](https://earth.google.com/studio/docs/tutorials/){target="_blank"}]
- GPS Track Elevation Profile Animation [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/359400/5160){target="_blank"}]
- Imagemagick [[Examples](https://usage.imagemagick.org/anim_basics/){target="_blank"}]
- ImageMagick tool [[imagemagick.org](https://imagemagick.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Raster animation [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/live/vgDg5cRwPRw?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Solar Eclipse path animation [[Steven's work](https://x.com/sdbernard/status/1777355006791782492){target="_blank"}]
- Steven Bernard's animations using QGIS [[Twitter](https://x.com/sdbernard/status/1374780461889773569){target="_blank"}]
- Steven Bernard's work
    - Grounded container ship brought the Suez Canal to a standstill [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/sdbernard/status/1374780461889773569){target="_blank"}]
    - Creating an animated smoke map [[Blog](https://medium.com/@steve.bernard/etcdf-optionscreating-animated-smoke-map-4cd8f3480da4){target="_blank"}]
- Storm animation [[Kurt Menke’s Post](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kurtmenke_qgis-mesh-hurricanehelene-activity-7247964688666230787-7jcT/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop){target="_blank"}]
- Time conversion for temporal controller. [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/spatial-data-viz.html#exercise-visualize-gps-tracks){target="_blank"}]

### Print Layouts and Atlas

- Automating Map Creation with Print Layout Atlas [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/automating_map_creation.html){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting Print Layouts from Processing Scripts [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/02/09/exporting-map-layouts/){target="_blank"}]
- Print Layout on selected features.
    - Use 'Filter' in Atlas with `is_selected()` expression. [[details](https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/314375/5160){target="_blank"}]

### Processing, Models and Automation

- QGIS Actions Deep Dive ⁣ [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rOe-9A84O8){target="_blank"}]
- Rendering Print Layouts from QGIS Models [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/04/08/rendering-print-layouts/){target="_blank"}]
- Running QGIS Processing Tools on the Command Line with qgis_process [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2022/07/30/qgis_process_command_line/){target="_blank"}]
- Snapping GPS tracks to Roads using PyQGIS and OSRM [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/02/22/snap-to-roads-qgis-and-osrm/){target="_blank"}]
- Unpivot GIS data [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/unpivot.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Daily automation of workflow [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/pyqgis-in-a-day.html#writing-standalone-python-scripts){target="_blank"}]
- Run Jupyter notebook with PyQGIS [[GitHub Gist](https://gist.github.com/ThomasG77/223064813d8aefda5b3cdb05c2588fa1){target="_blank"}]
- Using "Calculate by Expression" Autofill in Batch Processing [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-6MrppF1vE&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HIqNiNWxVqs5wBLiA_UrKTQ&index=12){target="_blank"}]
- Attribute Iterator Python Script: Use this script to create attribute indices on all attributes of a layer. Download and add it to your toolbox using Scripts -> Add Script To Toolbox. [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/pyqgis/attributeiterator.py){target="_blank"}]
- Automation in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-kUrSinsNo&t=883s){target="_blank"}]
- Creating QGIS Models with Optional Inputs and Conditional Processing [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/11/29/qgis-coditional-input-model/){target="_blank"}]
- Do Processing Tools always create a new layer?
    - [exception] You can enable "In-Place Editing" to edit existing layer instead of a new layer. Only a subset of algorithms support this mode. [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#in-place-editing){target="_blank"}]
    - [exception] Certain tools execute a command to a data connection, i.e. `PostgreSQL execute SQL`
    - [exception] Certain tools update missing information to a layer, i.e. `Add Spatial Index`, `Update layer metadata` etc.
- Extra Materials on Modeler
    - Automating GIS Workflows using QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-kUrSinsNo&t=t=883s){target="_blank"}]
    - Split Polygons into Equal Parts using QGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/06/12/split-polygons-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
    - Spatial Homogeneity Testing of Raingauge Data with Advanced QGIS Expressions [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/11/26/spatial-homogeneity-testing-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
    - Calculating Weighted Centroids [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/14/weighted-centroids-qgis-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Data from web pages using Python/Pandas [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/web_scraping_pandas.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Get the index/text of an Enum inputs in Models? [[QGIS Feature Request](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/issues/32452){target="_blank"}]
- Iterate function in QGIS [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.16/en/docs/training_manual/processing/iterative.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Python Console Script to Rename Layers [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/pyqgis/rename_layers.py){target="_blank"}]
- Processing in Web Client (video) [[media.ccc.de](https://media.ccc.de/v/bucharest-306-wps-with-qgis-processing-from-desktop-to-server){target="_blank"}], website
- Python script to rename layers after ‘Iterate’ batch processing [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/pyqgis/rename_layers.py){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Processing Feature Requests [[Crowdfund 2021 Ideas](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/wiki/QGIS-Processing-crowdfund-2021-Ideas){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS processing model from Brett [[GitHub](https://github.com/Saijin-Naib/QGIS-Processing-Models){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS version for caching steps in the model designer
    - Run Selected Steps option added in QGIS 3.38 [[changelog](https://qgis.org/project/visual-changelogs/visualchangelog338/#feature-add-run-selected-steps-option-to-model-designer){target="_blank"}]
- Road length model [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/automating-gis-workflows.html){target="_blank"}]
- Run models from command line [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Enhancement-Proposals/issues/140){target="_blank"}]
- Run QGIS processing algorithms from the command line - [[bnhr.xyz](https://bnhr.xyz/2020/07/17/run-qgis-algorithms-command-line.html){target="_blank"}]
- Split a layer and group into different folders
    - QGIS Processing Toolbox - `Split vector layer` algorithm
    - PyQGIS Scripting [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/pyqgis/split_layer.py){target="_blank"}]
- Sum Line Lengths algorithm [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/blob/3e19378708eae6edcd997042a03ca048d0706047/src/analysis/processing/qgsalgorithmsumlinelength.cpp#L222){target="_blank"}]
- USE TEMPORARY_OUTPUT as the output in batch processing [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/397782/write-output-of-qgis-batch-processing-to-temporary-layers/397783#397783){target="_blank"}]
- Using "Calculate by Expression" in Batch Processing [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-6MrppF1vE){target="_blank"}]
- Workflow Automation with QGIS: Case Studies and Tips [[FOSS44G Talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82RmkotU1gU){target="_blank"}]

### Spatial Analysis Techniques

- Fuzzy Table Joins in QGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/09/26/fuzzy-table-joins-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS for Urban and Regional Planning [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/03/15/gis-in-urban-and-regional-planning/){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Street Intersection Density for Walkability [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_intersection_density.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Urban Form using Momepy [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPyjyqIOZoU){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Network Analysis [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL7udaJQEm8){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Areal Mean Rainfall [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/areal_mean_rainfall.html){target="_blank"}]
- Modifiable areal unit problem [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifiable_areal_unit_problem){target="_blank"}]
- Service Area Analysis using Openrouteservice [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/service_area_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
- Uber Travel Time Prediction [[nbviewer.jupyter.org](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/spatialthoughts/spatial-data-science/blob/master/travel_time_prediction/uber_osm_model.ipynb){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/spatial-data-science/tree/master/travel_time_prediction){target="_blank"}]
- Using 'Execute SQL' tool to run SQL queries against vector layers. [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/origin_destination_matrix.html){target="_blank"}]
- Approximating Geodesic Buffers with PyQGIS [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/04/05/geodesic-buffers-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Deforestation Monitoring [[LandTrendr](https://emapr.github.io/LT-GEE/landtrendr.html){target="_blank"}]
- How to visualize sum of line lengths for each district
    - Perform a Table Join using *Join Attributes by Field Value* [[Table Join Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_table_joins.html){target="_blank"}]
- Interpolating point data [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/interpolating_point_data.html){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating shared border lengths [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/08/calculating-shared-border-lengths/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating heatmap [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/creating_heatmaps.html){target="_blank"}]
- Fix Topological and Geometry Errors using QGIS and Mapshaper [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyDj8AvX3H0){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Crime: Understanding Hotspots [[manual](https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/209393.pdf){target="_blank"}]
    - Locating A New Bicycle Parking Station using Multicriteria Overlay Analysis in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTz2khWi2-s){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced Spatial Indexing [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1K1lR1JfonxGbmj8rCIVln_WkbWv6-tOYTYHAEJKAiw4/edit?slide=id.gdd6742d1ca_0_402#slide=id.gdd6742d1ca_0_402){target="_blank"}]
- Clustering Algorithms [[towardsdatascience.com](https://towardsdatascience.com/the-5-clustering-algorithms-data-scientists-need-to-know-a36d136ef68){target="_blank"}]
- Connect Buildings to Nearest Point on the Road - Spatial Analysis challenge. [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V8-JaiABTQ){target="_blank"}]
- Create Attribute Index [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.44/en/docs/user_manual/processing_algs/qgis/vectorgeneral.html#create-attribute-index){target="_blank"}]
- Dasymetric Mapping [[GRASS](https://grass.osgeo.org/grass82/manuals/addons/r.area.createweight.html){target="_blank"}] [[PySAL](https://github.com/pysal/tobler){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting Fish in Ocean with Remote Sensing - [[coursework](https://www.fao.org/3/t0355e/T0355E07.htm){target="_blank"}]
- Fuzzy Table Joins in QGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/09/26/fuzzy-table-joins-in-qgis/#:~:text=Table%20Joins%20are%20a%20way,field%20values%20must%20match%20exactly){target="_blank"}].
- Geo-statistical operations using python [[Spatial autocorrelation](https://geographicdata.science/book/notebooks/07_local_autocorrelation.html){target="_blank"}]
- GeoCoding - New Built-in Geocoder in QGIS 3.18+ [[qgis.org](https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog320/index.html?highlight=geocoding#feature-nominatim-geocoder-integration){target="_blank"}]
- GeoDA [[geodacenter.github.io](https://geodacenter.github.io/){target="_blank"}] [[Videos](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzREt6r1NenmFyTw8v2JZpEE4PZGNi5Ht){target="_blank"}]
- Geometry checker & pseudo nodes. [[Topology Rules Poster PDF](https://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/001t/pdf/topology_rules_poster.pdf){target="_blank"}]
    - Solution 1: Collect Geometries -> Merge Lines
    - Solution 2: Dissolve Geometries -> Multipart to Singleparts -> Join Attributes by Location
    - Reference Tutorial [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_intersection_density.html){target="_blank"}]
- Google S2 vs Uber H3 Geometry [[s2geometry.io](https://s2geometry.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Heatmap (Kernel density estimation) [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.34/en/docs/user_manual/processing_algs/qgis/interpolation.html#heatmap-kernel-density-estimation){target="_blank"}]
    - Understanding Kernels [[geodose.com](https://www.geodose.com/2017/11/qgis-heatmap-using-kernel-density.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Understanding Heatmaps [[Crime Mapping Manual](https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/209393.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- Interpolating Point Data [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/interpolating_point_data.html){target="_blank"}]
- Isochrones [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochrone_map){target="_blank"}]
- K-Means clustering [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/01/31/equal-sized-kmeans-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Locating A New Bicycle Parking Station using Multicriteria Overlay Analysis [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTz2khWi2-s){target="_blank"}]
- Merge vs Dissolve [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/73519/merging-dissolving-polygons-by-common-attribute-field-in-qgis){target="_blank"}]
- Monitoring Settlements Growth using Dynamic World data (2017-onwards) [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-dw-monitoring.html#monitoring-refugee-camps){target="_blank"}]
- Multi Criteria Overlay Analysis [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/multi_criteria_overlay.html){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS (Network analysis) with Ujaval Gandhi [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IraiAF4s5Tg){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Network Analysis with Ujaval Gandhi [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL7udaJQEm8&t=282s){target="_blank"}]
- Raster Joins: Raster Sampling and Zonal Statistics [[Video](https://youtu.be/pGm7w-LywO0?si=7YKgNPQRYAwR-pDa&t=6706){target="_blank"}]
- Similarity Search with Embeddings [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_embeddings_similarity_search.html){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial analysis challenges [[youTube playlist](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lEvxFU1lbM&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HJutECGz9yjrfdqggooBGZN){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Index [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_database#Spatial_index){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Index Visualized [[App](https://spatialthoughts.github.io/mini-apps/spatial-index/){target="_blank"}][[RTree Algorithm](https://ia800709.us.archive.org/13/items/nasa_techdoc_19970016975/19970016975.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Statistics in QGIS Some tutorials on spatial statistics [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.16/en/docs/training_manual/vector_analysis/spatial_statistics.html){target="_blank"}]
- Split Line vs Split Part [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.34/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_vector/editing_geometry_attributes.html#split-parts){target="_blank"}]
- Urban planning course material! [[Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F6ZepJPFyasN1jE3AcUTCDZfx19z8n3A/view){target="_blank"}]
    - QGIS for Urban Planning Blog post with details [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/03/15/gis-in-urban-and-regional-planning/){target="_blank"}]

### 3D, Mesh and Terrain

- Deep Learning for Creating Swiss style Hillshading [[Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01256.pdf){target="_blank"}] [[software](https://eduard.earth/){target="_blank"}]
- Convert between Orthometric and Ellipsoidal Elevations using GDAL - [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/10/26/convert-between-orthometric-and-ellipsoidal-elevations-using-gdal/){target="_blank"}]
- DEMs
    - SRTM downloader [[dwtkns.com](https://dwtkns.com/srtm30m/){target="_blank"}]
    - SRTM GL1v003 (latest SRTM release) [[lpdaac.usgs.gov](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/srtmgl1v003/){target="_blank"}]
- Hydrological model [[LISFLOOD-FP](https://www.bristol.ac.uk/geography/research/hydrology/models/lisflood/){target="_blank"}]
- LIDAR in QGIS [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/training_manual/forestry/basic_lidar.html){target="_blank"}]
- LIDAR Viewers
    - Potree web point cloud viewer [[GitHub](https://github.com/potree/potree/){target="_blank"}]
- Mesh data in QGIS
    - [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_mesh/mesh_properties.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Crayfish plugin for mesh data [[lutraconsulting.co.uk](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/blog/2020/06/17/crayfish-3-4-4/){target="_blank"}]
- Plugins:
    - Visibility analysis (3D Analysis) [[Blog](https://medium.com/data-science/running-visibility-analysis-in-qgis-d8fbdd8b02c5){target="_blank"}]
        - Get High-Resolution DSM [[OpenTopography](https://opentopography.org/){target="_blank"}]
        - Simulated Hi-res DSM based on OpenBuildings and Tree Heights [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2025/03/29/building_height_gee/){target="_blank"}]
    - HotSpot Analysis (LISA) [[GitHub](https://github.com/geografiadascoisas/HotSpotAnalysis_Plugin){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS for Geology and Mineral Exploration
    - QGIS for Geology and Mineral Exploration [[qgis-in-mineral-exploration.readthedocs.io](https://qgis-in-mineral-exploration.readthedocs.io/en/latest/){target="_blank"}]
    - Display drillholes in 3D in Qgis and Create Sections [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmcGRrQmXQI){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS for visualizing hydrological models [[Mesh datasets](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/blog/2020/01/15/crayfish-3-2-1/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Geology Suite [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSf6OjaRJBw&t=2h24m10s){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS2threejs [[QGIS Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/Qgis2threejs/){target="_blank"}]
- Qgis2threejs plugin [[Document](https://minorua.github.io/Qgis2threejs/docs/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS3 RayTracer Plugin [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/sidneysgoveia/status/1236663034690654208){target="_blank"}]
- Unity/Unreal Gaming Engines for AR/VR with GIS data [[aerometrex.com.au](https://aerometrex.com.au/resources/blog/photogrammetry-game-engines-and-geospatial-industry/){target="_blank"}]
- Visualize and export 3D scenes from QGIS [[QGIS2ThreeJs](https://minorua.github.io/Qgis2threejs/docs/3.2/){target="_blank"}]
- Visualizing Elevation Profile of a GPS Track
    - QGIS Elevation Profile Tool [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AknJjNPystU){target="_blank"}]
        - Open View → Elevation Profile
        - Right-click and set Tolerance to 0.
- Working with point cloud data [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLcD8Ov8Jlw&list=PLeuKJkIxCDj3OEdNMvd4U14csMIY3mhHo&index=6){target="_blank"}]

### Plugins and Related Tools

- Stream lit – [[streamlit.io](https://streamlit.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Artificial Intelligence for Geospatial Data [[GeoAI](https://opengeoai.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Create plots in QGIS [[DataPlotly](https://github.com/ghtmtt/DataPlotly){target="_blank"}]
- ESRI to QGIS compatibility [[SLYR](https://north-road.com/slyr/){target="_blank"}]
- Geospatial and tabular data in Git [[Kart Project](https://kartproject.org/){target="_blank"}]
- GeoTagged Photo Viewing in QGIS [[opengislab.com](https://opengislab.com/blog/2020/8/23/mapping-and-viewing-geotagged-photos-in-qgis){target="_blank"}]
- Jaltol Digital Tool - [[GitHub](https://github.com/atreebangalore/jaltol){target="_blank"}]
- Learning DuckDB database [[Tutorials](https://geog-414.gishub.org/book/duckdb/01_duckdb_intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- Build & deploy geospatial applications - [[Greppo](https://greppo.io/){target="_blank"}]
- extracting vectors from geopdf - [[mygeodata.cloud](https://mygeodata.cloud/converter/geopdf-to-shp){target="_blank"}]
- GeoHash Plugin [[pypi.org](https://pypi.org/project/mz2geohash/){target="_blank"}]
- GEOJSON IO [[geojson.io](http://geojson.io/){target="_blank"}]
- GeoPDF to vector conversion. [[mygeodata.cloud](https://mygeodata.cloud/){target="_blank"}]
    - Also using ogr2ogr utility
- GeoSpatial Data analysis platform - WhiteboxTools [[jblindsay.github.io](https://jblindsay.github.io/ghrg/WhiteboxTools/index.html){target="_blank"}]
- Hydraulic design and analysis of water supply networks [[QWater plugin](https://github.com/jorgealmerio/QWater){target="_blank"}]
- Open location code (address lookup) [[opensource.google](https://opensource.google/projects/open-location-code){target="_blank"}]
- Open source image editing programs [[GIMP](https://www.gimp.org/){target="_blank"}][[Inkscape](https://inkscape.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Plugin for base map and open data download [[HCMGIS](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/HCMGIS/){target="_blank"}]
- Plus code implementation using python [[GitHub](https://github.com/google/open-location-code/tree/main/python){target="_blank"}]
- PostGIS Docker [[hub.docker.com](https://hub.docker.com/r/kartoza/postgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Project Packager Plugin [[QGIS Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/ProjectPackager/){target="_blank"}]
- QAi Toolbox for Machine Learning in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_p9Nn9Rafks&feature=youtu.be){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS AI Plugin(Modzy) - [[Video Demo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8J2DaBwu64){target="_blank"}] [[Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/Modzy-QGIS-Plugin-main/){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS based tool for urban water network management [[GISWATER](https://www.giswater.org/?lang=en){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Dashboard Plugin [[GitHub](https://github.com/luisCartoGeo/QGIS_Dashboard){target="_blank"}] - [[LinkedIn Post](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/progress-qgis-dashboard-plugin-luis-eduardo-perez-graterol/){target="_blank"}]
- Quick Map services is not showing in Web option [[Debug](https://github.com/nextgis/quickmapservices/issues/208){target="_blank"}]
- Quick OSM Error Fix [[GitHub](https://github.com/3liz/QuickOSM/pull/263){target="_blank"}]
- Removing Edge Artifacts from images using GDAL nearblack [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#removing-jpeg-compression-artifacts){target="_blank"}]
- SCP Plugin for remote sensing analysis and image download [[QGIS Plugin](https://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/SemiAutomaticClassificationPlugin/){target="_blank"}]
- Storing and sharing Geospatial data [[merginmaps](https://merginmaps.com/pricing){target="_blank"}] [[Kart](https://kartproject.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Turf.js [[turfjs.org](https://turfjs.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Whitebox Tools [[jblindsay.github.io](https://jblindsay.github.io/wbt_book/intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- Whitebox Tools Plugin for QGIS [[jblindsay.github.io](https://jblindsay.github.io/wbt_book/qgis_plugin.html){target="_blank"}]

### Field Data Collection

- Advaced Editing tools [[Youtube playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLppGmFLhQ1HL6dC1q8ZdfdD3h7S3HeDKC){target="_blank"}]
- GIS data collection app [[merginmaps.com](https://merginmaps.com/){target="_blank"}] [[qfield.org](https://qfield.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Digitizing Map Data [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/digitizing_basics.html){target="_blank"}]
- Drone mapping software [[opendronemap.org](https://opendronemap.org/){target="_blank"}]
- A Camera app for android [[Open Camera](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.sourceforge.opencamera&hl=en_IN&gl=US&pli=1){target="_blank"}]
- Attribute form
    - Attribute form basics [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/introduction-to-qgis.html#attribute-forms){target="_blank"}]
    - Drill-down (cascading select) forms in QGIS [[northrivergeographic.com](https://www.northrivergeographic.com/qgis-3-2-drive-down-lists-aka-value-relation-widget/){target="_blank"}]
- Drone regulations - India [[digitalsky.dgca.gov.in](https://digitalsky.dgca.gov.in/home){target="_blank"}]
- Easy to use offline maps [[gurumaps](https://gurumaps.app/){target="_blank"}]
- Field Data Collection
    - Input (Mergin Maps) mobile app [[lutraconsulting.co.uk](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/blog/2020/02/14/survey-qgis-input/){target="_blank"}]
    - QField mobile app [[qfield.org](https://qfield.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Info about apps useful for GPS Drawings [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_drawing){target="_blank"}]
- Live GPS tracking in QGIS [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_gps/live_GPS_tracking.html){target="_blank"}]
- Open Camera App for Android [[play.google.com](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.sourceforge.opencamera&hl=en_IN){target="_blank"}]
- Open Camera app [[play.google.com](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.sourceforge.opencamera&hl=en_IN&gl=US){target="_blank"}]
- QField with model
    - *not possible* to run model on mobile device
    - Can also use Geometry Generators to create on-the-fly geometry [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YxjJ-9zIJ0){target="_blank"}]
- Ride with GPS : Bike Navigation [[app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ridewithgps.mobile){target="_blank"}]
- US FAA drone regulations [[faa.gov](https://www.faa.gov/uas/){target="_blank"}]

### Data Sources

- Downloading OpenStreetMap data as shapefiles [[geofabrik](https://download.geofabrik.de/){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud native geospatial workflows [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-cloud-native-geospatial.html){target="_blank"}]
- Download admin boundaries [[Natural Earth](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/){target="_blank"}]
- Facebook's population density map
    - High resolution population density maps [[data.humdata.org](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/highresolutionpopulationdensitymaps){target="_blank"}]
- Landscan population [[landscan.ornl.gov](https://landscan.ornl.gov/){target="_blank"}]
- [[Ookla Open Datasets](https://www.speedtest.net/insights/blog/announcing-ookla-open-datasets/){target="_blank"}], Install [['aws' command-line](https://aws.amazon.com/cli/){target="_blank"}] and download data from [[bucket list here](https://registry.opendata.aws/speedtest-global-performance/){target="_blank"}].
- Australia open data [[opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au](https://opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au/){target="_blank"}], [[Open Standards](http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/digital-elevation-data){target="_blank"}], [[Web Service](https://mapprod.environment.nsw.gov.au/arcgis/rest/services){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud Optimized GeoTiff (COG). - URL [[oin-hotosm.s3.amazonaws.com](https://oin-hotosm.s3.amazonaws.com/5b00370f2b6a08001185f125/10/5b00370f2b6a08001185f130.tif){target="_blank"}]
- Datasets for creating River basin Maps [[HydroSHEDS](https://www.hydrosheds.org/){target="_blank"}] [[HydroRivers](https://www.hydrosheds.org/products/hydrorivers){target="_blank"}]
- Digitized forest data of India [[GitHub](https://github.com/ramSeraph/indian_admin_boundaries/releases/tag/forests){target="_blank"}]
- FIRMS
    - Active fire data [[firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov](https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/active_fire/){target="_blank"}]
    - Earth Engine App [[App](https://globalfires.earthengine.app/view/firms){target="_blank"}]
- Georeferenced dataset of historical kingdoms and empires [[Historical Basemaps](https://github.com/aourednik/historical-basemaps?tab=readme-ov-file){target="_blank"}]
- Google camera trap project. [[wildlifeinsights.org](https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/home){target="_blank"}]
- India village boundaries [[Datameet](https://projects.datameet.org/indian_village_boundaries/){target="_blank"}] [[justinemeyers](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers/official_india_2011_village_boundary_polygons){target="_blank"}]
- Justin Meyers Open data [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers){target="_blank"}]
- Odisha_2021_Official_Boundaries [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers/Odisha_2021_Official_Boundaries){target="_blank"}]
- Open LIDAR DEM sources [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/neilcfd1/status/1519352461391286272){target="_blank"}]
- OpenET project for estimating evapotranspiration using Earth Engine [[GitHub](https://github.com/Open-ET){target="_blank"}] . Check out some examples using Landsat data at [[GitHub](https://github.com/Open-ET/openet-ssebop-beta/blob/master/examples/single_image.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- OSM data download for India [[geofabrik](https://download.geofabrik.de/asia/india.html){target="_blank"}]
- Search and navigate using AI-derived descriptions using streetview images. [[Searchable city](https://searchable.city/){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel-2 False Color Composites, For Highlighting Urban Areas use, False Color Urban (SWIR2, SWIR1, Red) combination [[gisgeography.com](https://gisgeography.com/sentinel-2-bands-combinations/){target="_blank"}]
- Socioeconomic data for India [[SHRUG](https://www.devdatalab.org/shrug){target="_blank"}]
- Web Services
    - OGC Web Services [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium){target="_blank"}]
    - WMS / WMTS / WFS / WCS / WPS ...
    - WMS Services
        - Bhuvan [[bhuvan-vec2.nrsc.gov.in](https://bhuvan-vec2.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan/wms){target="_blank"}]
- Wiki OSM [[wiki.openstreetmap.org](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Main_Page){target="_blank"}]

## PyQGIS Masterclass

Course material: [PyQGIS Masterclass](pyqgis-masterclass.html){target="_blank"}

### PyQGIS and Plugin Development

- Approximating Geodesic Buffers with PyQGIS [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2019/04/05/geodesic-buffers-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Profiles and Startup
    - Launch QGIS with a specific profile [[command](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/374226/launching-qgis-with-specific-user-profile){target="_blank"}]
    - Run python code on startup with --code [[example](https://madmanwoo.gitlab.io/foss4g-python-workshop/startup/){target="_blank"}]
- Run Jupyter notebook with PyQGIS [[GitHub Gist](https://gist.github.com/ThomasG77/223064813d8aefda5b3cdb05c2588fa1){target="_blank"}]
- Using QGIS from conda [[gisunchained.wordpress.com](https://gisunchained.wordpress.com/2019/05/29/using-qgis-from-conda/){target="_blank"}]
- *classmethods* in Python : [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/classmethod-in-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Access ESRI .GDB in PyQGIS [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/127292/access-esri-gdb-in-pyqgis/127571#127571){target="_blank"}]
- Delete attribute by name [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/266428/deleting-only-specific-attributes-columns-by-name-in-an-attribute-table-in-qgi/266431#266431){target="_blank"}]
- Dropdown-menu to load projects [[course](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/pyqgis-in-a-day.html#load-projects-using-a-dropdown-menu){target="_blank"}]
- Generate hillshade layer for different angles [[Code](https://pastebin.com/raw/uaHkh2b7){target="_blank"}]
- Get the list of tools on the tool bar [[Code](https://pastebin.com/raw/CxtLVC1i){target="_blank"}]
- Loading a Point Cloud Layer using PyQGIS [[Code](https://gist.github.com/ThomasG77/ab738ee0d721842fbea501cc96296160){target="_blank"}]
- Loading base maps in QGIS [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html#loading-a-basemap){target="_blank"}]
- Loading Layers [[PyQgis Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/loadlayer.html#vector-layers){target="_blank"}]
- Nearest Neighbour Analysis [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/nearest_neighbor_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
- NetCDF and Climate data in QGIS using Mesh Layers
    - Tutorial [[lutraconsulting.co.uk](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/blog/2019/08/26/foss4g-workshop/){target="_blank"}]
    - Crayfish Plugin [[lutraconsulting.co.uk](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/blog/2020/01/15/crayfish-3-2-1/){target="_blank"}]
- PIP dependencies for Python plugins [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Enhancement-Proposals/issues/202){target="_blank"}]
- PyQGIS Sudoku [[Code](https://gist.github.com/pigreco/d4909f7f2c942b87d4c08bf648815af9){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xglv_TM-wek){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Action to update a field value [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/358912/creating-an-qgis-action-to-change-a-field-value-from-yes-to-no){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Authentication System [[overview](https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/auth_system/auth_overview.html){target="_blank"}][[PyQGIS code for PostGIS Access](https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/328637){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Authentication vis SSL Certs [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/blob/f9c5c3a794a41e8bc70a4f505c931f6cac8f7be1/tests/src/python/test_authmanager_pki_postgres.py){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Path reference : [[webpage](https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/intro.html#:~:text=QgsApplication.prefixPath()){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Python Action to load Raster Layer s [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/klaskarlsson/status/1159514845127028738?lang=en){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Visualization [[Hillshade workflow](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/advanced-qgis.html){target="_blank"}]
- QgsProcessingParameterField script [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/processing_python_scripts.html){target="_blank"}]
- QT MessageBox - [[Qt Docs](https://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qmessagebox.html){target="_blank"}]
- Remove a specific button from Selection Toolbar
    - [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/227876/finding-name-of-qgis-toolbar-in-python){target="_blank"}]
    - [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5831550/how-to-remove-a-widget-from-a-qtoolbar){target="_blank"}]
- Renaming temporary output layers
    - From Modeler: Use 'Load layer into Project' algorithm to specify an expression
    - Using PyQGIS [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/pyqgis-masterclass.html#renaming-temporary-output-layers){target="_blank"}]
- Setting up PyQGIS3 with VSCode & Python3 on Windows [[blog.locatepress.com](https://blog.locatepress.com/setting-up-pyqgis3-with-vscode-python3-on-windows/){target="_blank"}]
- Signals and slots [[Qt Docs](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/signalsandslots.html){target="_blank"}]
- startup.py for a specific profile [[Code](https://pastebin.com/raw/EVvL5SRp){target="_blank"}]
- Using DLL file from QGIS [[stack overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/252417/how-can-i-use-a-dll-file-from-python){target="_blank"}]
- Using GEE in QGIS (precipitation demo) : [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/pyqgis/gee_annual_precipitation.py){target="_blank"}]
- Using OpenRouteService with PyQGIS [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-actions.html#creating-isochrones-using-ors-tools-plugin){target="_blank"}]
- Using Symbolic Links for Plugin Development [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/pyqgis-masterclass.html#using-symbolic-links-for-plugin-development){target="_blank"}]
- Vector layer styling example [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/vector.html#appearance-symbology-of-vector-layers){target="_blank"}]

### Books and References

- Information video on COG [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se2Xd7CKhHg){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Actions Deep Dive ⁣ [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rOe-9A84O8){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS source code [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/){target="_blank"}]
- ESRI to QGIS compatibility [[SLYR](https://north-road.com/slyr/){target="_blank"}]
- PyQGIS cookbook : [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/index.html){target="_blank"}]
- Python Learning Resources
    - Book: PyQgis programmers' guide [[Book](https://locatepress.com/book/ppg3){target="_blank"}]
    - Courses:
    - Python Foundation for Spatial Analysis [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-foundation.html){target="_blank"}]
    - University of Helsinki's Geo-Python [[geo-python-site.readthedocs.io](https://geo-python-site.readthedocs.io/en/latest/){target="_blank"}]
    - Harvard CS50 Python course [[edx.org](https://www.edx.org/learn/python/harvard-university-cs50-s-introduction-to-programming-with-python){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS community events [[GitHub](https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/wiki/QOD-Events){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS official Telegram group : [[Join](https://t.me/joinchat/Aq2V5RPoxYYhXqUPoxRWPQ){target="_blank"}]
- Ujaval GitHub repo : [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects){target="_blank"}]
- 3D Geospatial Platform – [[Cesium](https://cesium.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Anita Graser's tutorials [[PyQGIS 101](https://anitagraser.com/pyqgis-101-introduction-to-qgis-python-programming-for-non-programmers/){target="_blank"}]
- Book Recommendations
    - PyQGIS [[Book](https://locatepress.com/ppg3){target="_blank"}]
    - Databases [[manning.com](https://www.manning.com/books/postgis-in-action-third-edition){target="_blank"}]
- Python Object-Oriented programming Tutorials : [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-osiE80TeTsqhIuOqKhwlXsIBIdSeYtc){target="_blank"}]
- Qgis Hats [[GitHub](https://github.com/NathanW2/qgis_hats){target="_blank"}]
- Streamlit Apps
    - Route Finder [[share.streamlit.io](https://share.streamlit.io/spatialthoughts/streamlit/main/route_finder/app.py){target="_blank"}]
    - Qiusheng Wu's apps [[streamlit.gishub.org](https://streamlit.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Uninstalling QGIS [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/uninstall-qgis-ltr.html#uninstall-qgis-on-windows){target="_blank"}]

### Data Sources

- GEE community-catalog [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/){target="_blank"}]
- List of Elevation Datasets : [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/mouthofmorrison/status/1538679755674984448){target="_blank"}]
- Predicting reservoir volumes in India [[wri.org](https://www.wri.org/research/using-deep-learning-framework-forecast-reservoir-water-availability-india){target="_blank"}]
- USDA NAIP data [[info and download instructions](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-aerial-photography-national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip){target="_blank"}] [[NAIP in GEE](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/USDA_NAIP_DOQQ){target="_blank"}]

## Mastering GDAL Tools

Course material: [Mastering GDAL Tools](gdal-tools.html){target="_blank"}

### GDAL and OGR Reference

- Available transformation algorithms [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.28/en/docs/user_manual/working_with_raster/georeferencer.html#available-transformation-algorithms){target="_blank"}]
- Elasticsearch with GDAL [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/elasticsearch.html){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL CRS Axis Order [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/tutorials/osr_api_tut.html#crs-and-axis-order){target="_blank"}]
- Gdal tools other learning material [[resources](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#resources){target="_blank"}]
- GeoTIFF creation options [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/gtiff.html#creation-options){target="_blank"}]
- OGR SQL to create lines from points [[sql](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/190676/create-lines-between-two-points-given-an-id){target="_blank"}]
- Raster Common options = [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/programs/raster_common_options.html){target="_blank"}]
- Working with GTFS files [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/gtfs.html){target="_blank"}]

### Cloud Optimized Formats and Remote Data

- Information video on COG [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se2Xd7CKhHg){target="_blank"}]
- Examples of using COG in Leaflet. Notable examples [[GitHub](https://github.com/GeoTIFF/georaster-layer-for-leaflet-example){target="_blank"}]
    - NDVI on-the-fly from COG [[geotiff.github.io](https://geotiff.github.io/georaster-layer-for-leaflet-example/examples/ndvi.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Identify Burnt Area from Landsat COG [[geotiff.github.io](https://geotiff.github.io/georaster-layer-for-leaflet-example/examples/identifying-wildfires-with-landsat.html){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL and Google Cloud Storage [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/02/26/gdal-google-cloud-storage/){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs (COGs)
    - Earth Engine COG export [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/export-image-tocloudstorage){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/90c7d17830604634edce6dbe8c2269db){target="_blank"}]
    - Creating COGs with Python/rioxarray [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/raster_mosaicing_and_clipping.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
    - Catalogs with Open Data in COG Format [[STAC Index](https://stacindex.org/){target="_blank"}]
    - Validating COGs [[supplement](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#validating-cogs){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL Virtual File system - Access Remote Datasets [[GDAL Docs](https://gdal.org/user/virtual_file_systems.html){target="_blank"}]
- How Postholer Went Serverless Using Cloud-Native Geospatial Data [[cloudnativegeo.org](https://cloudnativegeo.org/blog/2023/09/how-postholer-went-serverless-using-cloud-native-geospatial-data/){target="_blank"}]
- Loading a COG in QGIS [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/spatial-data-viz.html#exercise-view-cloud-optimized-drone-imagery){target="_blank"}]
- Online tools to work with COG [[Viewer](https://github.com/mykolakozyr/cogviewer){target="_blank"}][[Validator](https://mykolakozyr-cogvalidator-appapp-jnzry7.streamlit.app/){target="_blank"}]
- STAC CAtalogs and COGs in QGIS [[STAC API Browser Plugin](https://stac-utils.github.io/qgis-stac-plugin/){target="_blank"}]

### Raster Processing Workflows

- Histogram Matching in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/07/14/histogram-matching-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Georeferencing toposheets [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/georeferencing_basics.html){target="_blank"}]
- HSV Transform
    - GEE Docs Pansharpening [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms#pan-sharpening){target="_blank"}]
    - G4G Presentation [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qapfXYkKEoXXsQDjvX1P412bzvpz3RdmIchEIpjXc8o/edit){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL processing workflow on Planet data [[Blog](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-4-working-with-satellite-data-d3835b5e2971){target="_blank"}]
- Tutorials for raster analysis
    - Basic raster styling and analysis [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/raster_styling_and_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Raster mosaicing and clipping [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/raster_mosaicing_and_clipping.html){target="_blank"}]
- Create Hill shade using AI - [[researchgate.net](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344486368_Cartographic_Relief_Shading_with_Neural_Networks){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KI84DYrl3o){target="_blank"}]
- Data fusion techniques [[HISTARFM](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425720302716){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting values form a raster [[Supplement](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#extracting-values-from-a-raster){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL, MrSid, and nearblack [[smathermather.com](https://smathermather.com/2011/07/29/gdal-mrsid-and-nearblack/){target="_blank"}]
- Non-GPU based Farm Delineation using Sentinel-2 [[demo](https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7139990665362300928/){target="_blank"}]
- Planet RGB data process - Blog Series [[Part-1](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-1-a3253eb96082){target="_blank"}] [[Part-2](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-2-map-projections-gdalwarp-e05173bd710a){target="_blank"}] [[Part-3](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-3-geodesy-local-map-projections-794c6ff675ca){target="_blank"}][[Part-4](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-4-working-with-satellite-data-d3835b5e2971){target="_blank"}]
- Raster Algebra and Extracting Coordinates [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#raster-to-vector-conversion){target="_blank"}]
- Real-time weather data stats using GDAL georeferencing [[Climaya](https://climaya.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Rendering Polar Stereographic Image [[Blog](https://medium.com/planet-stories/a-gentle-introduction-to-gdal-part-2-map-projections-gdalwarp-e05173bd710a){target="_blank"}] [[gdal commands](https://pastebin.com/raw/d7jR2q4f){target="_blank"}]
- SMAP Downscaling [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/9c68e30d0d7bfa0a4f58d06a6b217868){target="_blank"}] [[Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20964471.2023.2257905){target="_blank"}]
- Virtual raster in QGIS - [[Spatial data viz](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/spatial-data-viz.html#raster---satellite-images){target="_blank"}]
- Weighted Multi-Criteria Overlay Analysis using GDAL Tools (Reclassification) [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2022/01/31/multi-criteria-overlay-gdal/){target="_blank"}]
- Working with GeoTIFF files using Meta AI Segment Anything models [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1P24BlEq7G52VFIVXhGLOIQCh6mi16zBh?usp=sharing#scrollTo=OeFjtBlhKxh4){target="_blank"}]

### Command Line and Environment

- Code to extract the MAXIMUM value from the output
    - Download and install 'jq' command [[stedolan.github.io](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/){target="_blank"}]
        - `gdalinfo gdal-tools\srtm\N27E086.hgt -json -stats | jq-win64.exe ".bands[0].maximum"`
        - Learn more about jq and other tools [[book chapter](https://jeroenjanssens.com/dsatcl/chapter-5-scrubbing-data.html?q=json#working-with-xmlhtml-and-json){target="_blank"}]
- Data Science at the Command Line - [[Free Book](https://datascienceatthecommandline.com/2e/chapter-1-introduction.html){target="_blank"}]
- PCRaster 4.3 using conda [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGaZSQeiSfg){target="_blank"}]
- Running Cron Jobs with GDAL/OGR and Conda [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#automating-and-scheduling-gdalogr-jobs){target="_blank"}]
- Running GDAL commands from Jupyter [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/courses/blob/master/code/gdal/gdal_jupyter.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Saving Terminal History
    - Logging your Bash history [[spin.atomicobject.com](https://spin.atomicobject.com/log-bash-history/){target="_blank"}]
    - Searchable Terminal History in the Cloud [[Bash Hub](https://bashhub.com/){target="_blank"}]
- The next generation command line [[warp.dev](https://www.warp.dev/){target="_blank"}]

### Related Tools and Projects

- QGIS Actions Deep Dive ⁣ [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rOe-9A84O8){target="_blank"}]
- Deep Learning for Creating Swiss style Hillshading [[Paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.01256.pdf){target="_blank"}] [[software](https://eduard.earth/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping and Data Visualization with Python [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html){target="_blank"}]
- Mapshaper tutorials
    - Geo Data Processing with Mapshaper [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2015/10/24/mapshaper-command-line/){target="_blank"}]
    - Working with Multiple Data Layers in Mapshape [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKkk3eOsk0){target="_blank"}]
    - Fix Topological and Geometry Errors using QGIS and Mapshaper [[youTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyDj8AvX3H0){target="_blank"}]
    - Clean Up Vectorized Polygons using Mapshaper [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cpoBcUjVuE){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS official Telegram group : [[Join](https://t.me/joinchat/Aq2V5RPoxYYhXqUPoxRWPQ){target="_blank"}]
- aerialod [[ephtracy.github.io](https://ephtracy.github.io/index.html?page=aerialod){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL T-Shirt - [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/mouthofmorrison/status/1326556800997527557?lang=en){target="_blank"}]
- Google Earth Enterprise Open-Source. Deploy Private Globes. [[opengee.org](https://www.opengee.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Learning spatial SQL [[postGIS](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mDr4QKvOxDYMTINUBTdciVyqJRwM7xPH/view?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- ODM Guide [[odmbook.com](https://odmbook.com/){target="_blank"}]
- PyQGIS for creating custom applications [[QGIS Roam](https://github.com/roam-qgis/Roam){target="_blank"}]
- Reading Large KMLs with GeoPandas (Python) [[nbviewer.jupyter.org](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/complex_kml_to_gpkg.ipynb){target="_blank"}]

### Data Sources

- High Resolution Data [[Maxar Open Data](https://radiantearth.github.io/stac-browser/#/external/maxar-opendata.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/events/catalog.json?.language=en){target="_blank"}]
- Himawari Satellite data [[data](https://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/){target="_blank"}][[Zoom Earth Portal](https://zoom.earth/){target="_blank"}]
- Landsat data information
    - Presentation [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1opRKXIV8XSMa5h7Gqw10KXY5nW7_khfdiBmyDEcylUE/edit#slide=id.g5398bd910c_0_35){target="_blank"}]
    - video
- LiDAR DEM downloads: UK DEFRA [[Data](https://environment.data.gov.uk/DefraDataDownload/?Mode=survey){target="_blank"}] and British Columbia [[Data](https://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=d06b37979b0c4709b7fcf2a1ed458e03){target="_blank"}]
- old scanned maps
    - [[davidrumsey.com](https://www.davidrumsey.com/){target="_blank"}]
    - [[hipkiss.org](http://www.hipkiss.org/scannedmaps/maps.html){target="_blank"}]
    - [[commons.wikimedia.org](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Old_maps){target="_blank"}]

## Python Foundation for Spatial Analysis

Course material: [Python Foundation for Spatial Analysis](python-foundation.html){target="_blank"}

### Python Language

- Regular Expressions [[Cheatsheet](https://medium.com/factory-mind/regex-tutorial-a-simple-cheatsheet-by-examples-649dc1c3f285){target="_blank"}]
- Python String format() function [[Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_string_format.asp){target="_blank"}]
- Add/remove items from sets [[Sets are mutable in Python](https://stackoverflow.com/a/51560695/2681203){target="_blank"}]
- Continue vs Pass [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9483979/is-there-a-difference-between-continue-and-pass-in-a-for-loop-in-python/36952166){target="_blank"}]
- DRY in coding [[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself){target="_blank"}]
- Escape characters [[Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/gloss_python_escape_characters.asp){target="_blank"}]
- Get index of the elements from the list [[Example](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/list/index){target="_blank"}]
- Global and lLocal variables in Python [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/global-local-variables-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Graph Visualization in Python [[memgraph.com](https://memgraph.com/blog/graph-visualization-in-python){target="_blank"}]
- Guide to locale specific formatting in Python
    - [[Code Example](https://pastebin.com/raw/tEZmU2WM){target="_blank"}] [[phrase.com](https://phrase.com/blog/posts/beginners-guide-to-locale-in-python/){target="_blank"}]
- OrderedDict in Python [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/ordereddict-in-python/){target="_blank"}]
- PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code – [[peps.python.org](https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/){target="_blank"}]
- Printing lines without newline. Use repr() [[programiz.com](https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/built-in/repr){target="_blank"}]
- Python - Set Methods [[Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_sets_methods.asp){target="_blank"}]
- Python `While` Loops [[examples](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_while_loops.asp){target="_blank"}]
- Python doc strings : [[peps.python.org](https://peps.python.org/pep-0257/){target="_blank"}]
- Python Easter Eggs [[GitHub](https://github.com/OrkoHunter/python-easter-eggs){target="_blank"}]
- Python orderedDict method [[docs.python.org](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.OrderedDict){target="_blank"}] [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ordereddict-in-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Python String join() method [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-string-join-method/){target="_blank"}]
- Python string truncate – [[stack overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8595973/truncate-to-three-decimals-in-python){target="_blank"}]
- python-doc [[python-docx.readthedocs.io](https://python-docx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/){target="_blank"}]
- Run time warning [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64995369/geopandas-warning-on-read-file){target="_blank"}]
- Single and Double Underscores in Python [[GforG blog](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/single-aad-double-underscores-in-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Split line in python - stackoverflow [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39425093/break-a-shapely-linestring-at-multiple-points){target="_blank"}]
- Type Hints in Python [[GforG blog](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python/type-hints-in-python/){target="_blank"}] [Demo in Session 4]
    - Example
        - `population = 881549` (without type hint)
        - `population: int = 881549` (with type hint)
    - Type hints are not enforced by the Python interpreter.
    - These are meant to be checked by type-checking tools like mypy [[mypy.readthedocs.io](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Modern editors like VS Code use hints for better autocomplete suggestions.
- Understanding `__repr__` vs `__str__` [[realpython.com](https://realpython.com/python-repr-vs-str/){target="_blank"}]
- Working with complex file structures in Python [[os.walk()](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/os-walk-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Writing a clean code in Python [[DRY Code and Modularity](https://www.earthdatascience.org/courses/intro-to-earth-data-science/write-efficient-python-code/intro-to-clean-code/dry-modular-code/){target="_blank"}]

### Pandas and Data Wrangling

- Performing Fuzzy Table Joins [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/geopandas_fuzzy_table_join.html){target="_blank"}]
- Processing time-series data using pandas [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#elevation-profile-plot-from-a-gps-track){target="_blank"}]
- Adding timestamp as index in pandas/geopandas [[Creating time-series chart example](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#creating-time-series-charts){target="_blank"}]
- Fuzzy table join for advanced data cleaning [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/performing_fuzzy_table_joins.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Interpolation CSV data [[Pandas Interpolation](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.interpolate.html){target="_blank"}]
- Open .mdf file using Python [[Using Pandas and pyodbc](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53307559/how-to-open-a-sql-server-mdf-file-with-python-pandas){target="_blank"}]
- Reading multiple JSON files with pandas [[read json](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20037430/reading-multiple-json-records-into-a-pandas-dataframe){target="_blank"}]
- Removing duplicates from a large shape file using Pandas [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/geopandas_fuzzy_table_join.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Select a subset from file using pandas *isin* function [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/select_subset_from_file.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Speeding up code with vectorization [[pythonspeed.com](https://pythonspeed.com/articles/vectorization-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Subset a Shapefile using a Spreadsheet [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/geopandas_select_from_excel.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- unpivoting using pandas [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/misc/unpivot.ipynb){target="_blank"}]

### GeoPandas and Vector Data

- What UTM Zone am I in? [[mangomap](https://mangomap.com/robertyoung/maps/69585/what-utm-zone-am-i-in-#){target="_blank"}]
- Using 'Execute SQL' tool to run SQL queries against vector layers. [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/origin_destination_matrix.html){target="_blank"}]
- Get the list of layers in a geopackage using fiona [[Stack Exchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/413084/listing-every-layer-in-geopackage-using-fiona){target="_blank"}]
- [[Converting Surfer Atlas .BNA (ASCII DAT) file to a Vector Layer](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/misc/dat_to_csv.ipynb#Converting-Surfer-Atlas-.BNA-(ASCII-DAT)-file-to-a-Vector-Layer){target="_blank"}]
- About CRS and WKT format [[FAQs](https://proj.org/faq.html#what-is-the-best-format-for-describing-coordinate-reference-systems){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced reading methods - GitHub [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/tree/master/misc){target="_blank"}]
- Converting KML with Mixed Geometries to a GeoPackage [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/complex_kml_to_gpkg.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Converting Surfer Atlas .BNA (ASCII DAT) file to a Vector Layer [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/dat_to_csv.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Converting Tab Delimited ASCII file to a Vector Layer [[Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/ascii_to_csv.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Dask- Geopandas [[dask-geopandas.readthedocs.io](https://dask-geopandas.readthedocs.io/en/stable/){target="_blank"}]
- Function to fix the geometry with GeoPandas [[Docs](https://geopandas.org/en/latest/docs/reference/api/geopandas.GeoSeries.make_valid.html){target="_blank"}]
    - `gdf.geometry = gdf.geometry.make_valid()`
- Geopy- Distance function [[Source Code](https://github.com/geopy/geopy/blob/master/geopy/distance.py){target="_blank"}]
- If you are having geopandas import warning, try this [[Code](https://pastebin.com/c4rTiXiJ){target="_blank"}]
- Performing Spatial Queries using GeoPands [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/geopandas_spatial_query.html){target="_blank"}]
- read DBF in python, but for reading Shapefile use geopandas. - stackoverflow [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41898561/pandas-transform-a-dbf-table-into-a-dataframe){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Data Visualization in Jupyter notebooks by Anita Graser [[GitHub](https://github.com/anitagraser/ogd-at-lab){target="_blank"}] [[mirror.as35701.net](https://mirror.as35701.net/video.fosdem.org/2021/D.geospatial/geopandasholoviews.webm){target="_blank"}]
- Why is there a total of 360 degrees longitude but only 180 degrees latitude? [[Quora](https://www.quora.com/Why-is-there-a-total-of-360-degrees-longitude-but-only-180-degrees-latitude){target="_blank"}]

### Raster Data

- Information video on COG [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se2Xd7CKhHg){target="_blank"}]
- A Python Library to work with gridded data [[xarray](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/){target="_blank"}]
- IMD to geotiff : [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/imd/imd_to_geotiff.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- LiDAR derived rasters: CHM, DEM and DSM [[earthdatascience.org](https://www.earthdatascience.org/courses/use-data-open-source-python/data-stories/what-is-lidar-data/lidar-chm-dem-dsm/){target="_blank"}]
- Masking raster using a shapefile [[rasterio.readthedocs.io](https://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/topics/masking-by-shapefile.html){target="_blank"}]
- Merge overlapping data using ‘rasterio’ [[Using 'method' parameter](https://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/rasterio.merge.html){target="_blank"}]
- Polygonize the raster using RasterIO [[rasterio.readthedocs.io](https://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/features.html){target="_blank"}]
- Processing Satellite Images with XArray [[A GeoPython Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_processing_satellite_images.html){target="_blank"}]
- Python PDAL library [[pdal.io](https://pdal.io/en/2.9.0/python.html){target="_blank"}]
- Raster mosaicing and clipping [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/raster_mosaicing_and_clipping.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- White Box [[pypi.org](https://pypi.org/project/whitebox/){target="_blank"}]
- White box tools from Python [[leafmap Guide](https://leafmap.org/notebooks/08_whitebox/){target="_blank"}]
- Working on ERA5 data using Python [[GitHub](https://github.com/google-research/arco-era5){target="_blank"}]
- Working with raster data (parallel computing) [[xarray](http://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/){target="_blank"}] [[RasterFrames](https://rasterframes.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Working with raster data using python [[Carpentries-lab](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/geospatial-python/){target="_blank"}] [[rasterstats](https://pythonhosted.org/rasterstats/){target="_blank"}] [[Compute NDVI](https://github.com/grsguru/spatial_python/blob/master/PROJECT_NDVI_BBMP.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- zonal stats [[automating-gis-processes.github.io](https://automating-gis-processes.github.io/CSC18/lessons/L6/zonal-statistics.html#zonal-statistics){target="_blank"}]

### APIs, Routing and Web Services

- Food delivery optimization using ORS – Code [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1N3eQ_VJGv6ILHKDMCEfCpkpoLPvw0MGS?usp=sharing#scrollTo=LaV_ClLGqeG2){target="_blank"}]
- Snapping GPS tracks to Roads using PyQGIS and OSRM [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/02/22/snap-to-roads-qgis-and-osrm/){target="_blank"}]
- ORS optimization examples [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1N3eQ_VJGv6ILHKDMCEfCpkpoLPvw0MGS){target="_blank"}] [[Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/amitkb3/python_spatial_analysis_final_project/blob/master/PythonSpatialAnalysisCourse_FinalProject.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Air quality data [[openAQ](https://openaq.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Free and open-source weather intelligence for India [[Mausamnow](https://mausamnow.com/about){target="_blank"}]
- Get live traffic data [[Mapbox services](https://www.mapbox.com/traffic-data){target="_blank"}]
- GET vs POST (API) - [[guru99.com](https://www.guru99.com/difference-get-post-http.html){target="_blank"}]
- Google Maps API directions parameters [[developers.google.com](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/directions/get-directions){target="_blank"}]
- Installing OpenRouteService on your own machine for unlimited use
    - Install using Docker and download data. [[giscience.github.io](https://giscience.github.io/openrouteservice/run-instance/running-with-docker){target="_blank"}]
    - Example workflow: Snapping GPS tracks to Roads using PyQGIS and OSRM [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/02/22/snap-to-roads-qgis-and-osrm/){target="_blank"}]
- Locating Nearest Facility with Origin-Destination Matrix [[Python Tutorial](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/ors_api_distance_matrix.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Locating Nearest Facility with ORS [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/ors_distance_matrix.html){target="_blank"}]
- Mapbox isochrone API [[docs.mapbox.com](https://docs.mapbox.com/api/navigation/isochrone/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapillary API [[mapillary.com](https://www.mapillary.com/developer){target="_blank"}]
- ORS matrix service [[API](https://openrouteservice.org/dev/#/api-docs/v2/matrix/{profile}/post){target="_blank"}] [[Example Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/ors_api_distance_matrix.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- POST in Python - [[Example](https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_requests_post.asp){target="_blank"}]
- Significance of 'Type' in OpenRouteService responses [[OpenRouteService- Segments Output](https://ask.openrouteservice.org/t/what-does-type-stand-for-in-segments-output/2701){target="_blank"}]
- Streetview API [[developers.google.com](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/streetview/overview){target="_blank"}]
- Traveling Salesman [[developers.google.com](https://developers.google.com/optimization/routing/tsp){target="_blank"}]
- Using POST requests with OpenRouteService [[Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/ors_api_distance_matrix.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Vehicle Routing Open-source Optimization Machine [[GitHub](https://github.com/VROOM-Project/vroom/tree/master){target="_blank"}]
- Weather Forecast APIs
    - NOAA National Weather Service [[API Web Service](https://www.weather.gov/documentation/services-web-api){target="_blank"}]
    - OpenMeteo [[Free Weather API](https://open-meteo.com/){target="_blank"}][[Example Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/openmeteo_api.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Weather Forecast using OpenMeteo API [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/openmeteo_weather_forecast.html){target="_blank"}]

### Environment and Tools

- Stream lit – [[streamlit.io](https://streamlit.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Open source alternative of conda [[mamba](https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/){target="_blank"}]
- Parallel computing using Python [[dask](https://www.dask.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Alternative to 'conda' [[mamba](https://github.com/mamba-org/mamba){target="_blank"}]
- Anaconda commercial edition [[FAQs](https://www.anaconda.com/blog/anaconda-commercial-edition-faq){target="_blank"}]
- Autocomplete in Jupyter [[developers.refinitiv.com](https://developers.refinitiv.com/en/article-catalog/article/how-to-enable-autocompletion-in-jupyter-notebook-application){target="_blank"}]
- Automated task using task scheduler [[Tutorial](https://www.windowscentral.com/how-create-automated-task-using-task-scheduler-windows-10){target="_blank"}]
- Basics of colab environment [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tF_a9ojB6nw&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HLzGl8auwYkdUMu_z0Hz7G6&index=3){target="_blank"}]
- Changing the working directory of Jupyter and JupyterLab on Windows [[Blog](https://medium.com/@shanyitan/how-to-change-the-working-directory-of-jupyter-and-jupyter-lab-on-windows-environment-bbe5a5a99f05){target="_blank"}]
- Colab introduction [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#hello-colab){target="_blank"}]
- Conda alternative [[Mamba](https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html){target="_blank"}] [[installers](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge){target="_blank"}]
- Create python requirements file [[learnpython.com](https://learnpython.com/blog/python-requirements-file/){target="_blank"}]
- Dask resources
    - Creating Spatial Data using dask [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/dask_creating_spatial_data.ipynb#scrollTo=q5zT0VF9IijK){target="_blank"}]
    - Dask-geopandas Documentation [[dask-geopandas.readthedocs.io](https://dask-geopandas.readthedocs.io/en/stable/){target="_blank"}]
- Getting Familiar with the Command Prompt [[Course content](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools#getting-familiar-with-the-command-prompt){target="_blank"}]
- Inspecting Variables in JupyterLab [[Install Variable Inspector Extension](https://github.com/lckr/jupyterlab-variableInspector){target="_blank"}]
- Jupyter nb converter [[jupyterlab.readthedocs.io](https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/stable/user/export.html){target="_blank"}]
- Launching QGIS with a specific profile [[QGIS Docs](https://docs.qgis.org/3.10/en/docs/user_manual/introduction/qgis_configuration.html#working-with-user-profiles){target="_blank"}]
    - Choose which profile to open in Settings → User Profiles
    - Open command prompt and run `call C:\OsGeo4W\bin\qgis.bat --profile <profile_name>`
- Markdown formatting syntax [[GitHub Docs](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/getting-started-with-writing-and-formatting-on-github/basic-writing-and-formatting-syntax){target="_blank"}]
- ODK data collection [[getodk.org](https://getodk.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Rename conda environment - stackoverflow [[Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42231764/how-can-i-rename-a-conda-environment){target="_blank"}]
- Scheduling a job using 'crontab' [[Tutorial](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/crontab-in-linux-with-examples/){target="_blank"}]
- Spaces in filenames , why it is an issue? [[Blog](https://medium.com/@leedowthwaite/dealing-with-spaces-in-paths-f26856aef06f){target="_blank"}]

### Remote Sensing and GeoAI

- Segmentation of High Resolution Imagery [[samgeo](https://samgeo.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Scalable Remote Sensing Workflows with Xarray [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing.html#){target="_blank"}]
- Artificial Intelligence for Geospatial Data [[GeoAI](https://opengeoai.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Satellite Embedding Deep Dive [[Workshop Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-satellite-embedding.html){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting Mine Perimeter with Segment Geospatial [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/samgeo_mine_perimeter_detection.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Drought Monitoring [[GEE Tutorial](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#drought-monitoring){target="_blank"}]
- Earth Engine API notebooks [[GitHub](https://github.com/giswqs/earthengine-py-notebooks/){target="_blank"}]
- GeoAI package
    - Pre-trained models [[GeoAI](https://huggingface.co/giswqs/geoai){target="_blank"}][[HuggingFace](https://github.com/huggingface/pytorch-image-models?){target="_blank"}]
    - Book by Qiusheng Wu [[GeoAI with Python](https://book.opengeoai.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Land cover classification [[Example on planetary computer](https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/docs/tutorials/landcover/){target="_blank"}]
- samgeo examples [[samgeo.gishub.org](https://samgeo.gishub.org/#examples){target="_blank"}]
- Segment satellite imagery using the Segment Anything Model (SAM) [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1s8n8UWXzPZoIX7KmaaxUREOuJ9yji01Q?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Urban Heat Island trend and prediction implementation [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/9/1488/htm){target="_blank"}] [[App](https://yceo.users.earthengine.app/view/uhimap){target="_blank"}]

### Example Projects and Notebooks

- Spatial Thoughts python tutorials [[gitHub repo](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials){target="_blank"}]
- Uber Travel Time Prediction [[nbviewer.jupyter.org](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/spatialthoughts/spatial-data-science/blob/master/travel_time_prediction/uber_osm_model.ipynb){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/spatial-data-science/tree/master/travel_time_prediction){target="_blank"}]
- Starting with OSM [[GitHub](https://github.com/luicarboni/My_Projects/blob/master/Starting_with_OSMnx.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Geo-python tutorials [[spatialthoughts tutorials](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/introduction.html){target="_blank"}]
- Natural Language Processing using OpenAI API [[Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/mapping_news_articles_openai.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Ujaval GitHub repo : [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects){target="_blank"}]
- Few notebooks for Python in GIS [[Python Notebooks](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/tree/master/python){target="_blank"}]
- Project Ideas
    - Data from Challenger Expedition via API [[Mission](https://challenger-expedition.sams.ac.uk/){target="_blank"}][[API documentation](https://challenger-expedition.sams.ac.uk/api/v1/docs){target="_blank"}]
    - All Roads Lead to Rome [[example](https://www.openculture.com/2018/05/an-interactive-map-shows-just-how-many-roads-actually-lead-to-rome.html){target="_blank"}]
- Python tutorials [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/README.md){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial thoughts projects [[GitHub Notebooks](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/README.md){target="_blank"}]
- Trip Sheet Optimization - Code [[nbviewer.jupyter.org](https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/elh1964/Address_Collection_Route/blob/main/Address_Collection_Routing.ipynb){target="_blank"}]

### Further Learning

- QGIS Network Analysis [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL7udaJQEm8){target="_blank"}]
- Automating Map Creation with Print Layout Atlas [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/automating_map_creation.html){target="_blank"}]
- GIS data collection app [[merginmaps.com](https://merginmaps.com/){target="_blank"}] [[qfield.org](https://qfield.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping and Data Visualization with Python [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html){target="_blank"}]
- Python tools/modules for geospatial analysis [[awesome-geospatial](https://github.com/sacridini/Awesome-Geospatial/blob/master/README.md#python){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Movement Data in QGIS [[Tutorials by Anita Graser](https://anitagraser.com/movement-data-in-gis/){target="_blank"}]
- A practical introduction to GIS [[Video](https://youtu.be/yfLjnK569XY){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud native geospatial workflows [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/qgis-cloud-native-geospatial.html){target="_blank"}]
- Learning DuckDB database [[Tutorials](https://geog-414.gishub.org/book/duckdb/01_duckdb_intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- PostGIS in Action [[manning.com](https://www.manning.com/books/postgis-in-action-third-edition){target="_blank"}]
- Awesome GeoPython
    - Awesome Geospatial list [[GitHub](https://github.com/sacridini/Awesome-Geospatial/blob/master/README.md){target="_blank"}]
    - Python geospatial packages [[GitHub](https://github.com/giswqs/python-geospatial){target="_blank"}]
- Creating animated maps [[Spatial thoughts course material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#creating-animated-maps){target="_blank"}]
- DataMeet [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/datameet){target="_blank"}]
- Earth Analytics Bootcamp Course - Additional learning resource [[earthdatascience.org](https://www.earthdatascience.org/courses/earth-analytics-bootcamp/){target="_blank"}]
- Geospatial visualization for web [[cesiumjs](https://cesium.com/platform/cesiumjs/){target="_blank"}]
- [[anandology.com](https://anandology.com/presentations/2020/the-path-to-mastery/){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Data Science in Python - Coursera [[wordpress.com](https://wordpress.com/page/spatialthoughts.com/5576){target="_blank"}]
- Joy of Programming Python Course [[mon.school](https://mon.school/){target="_blank"}]
- Kurt Menke QGIS Books [[Discover QGIS 3.x](https://locatepress.com/dq3){target="_blank"}], [[QGIS for Hydrological Applications](https://locatepress.com/hyd){target="_blank"}]
- Mastering Geospatial Analysis with Python [[Book](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mastering-geospatial-analysis/9781788293334/bfb07127-9db9-4ba8-b1c9-88ca4e744811.xhtml){target="_blank"}]
- Python book by Qiusheng Wu [[gispro.gishub.org](https://gispro.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Python geospatial packages [[GitHub](https://github.com/giswqs/python-geospatial){target="_blank"}]
- Work with mash data and create animation in QGIS [[Crayfish plugin](https://www.lutraconsulting.co.uk/projects/crayfish/){target="_blank"}]

## Mapping and Data Visualization with Python

Course material: [Mapping and Data Visualization with Python](python-dataviz.html){target="_blank"}

### Charts with Matplotlib

- Animated plots with Matplotlib [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2022/01/14/animated-plots-with-matplotlib/){target="_blank"}]
- Figure size in different units [[Matplotlib docs](https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/subplots_axes_and_figures/figure_size_units.html){target="_blank"}]
- Annotations on chart [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1GjcHhK6_yAPrK_loe0UH-yULMbSvEoDK?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Combine choropleth map and barplot in Python [[Python graph gallery](https://python-graph-gallery.com/web-choropleth-map-with-barplot/){target="_blank"}]
- Different [[Font size](https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/text/text_intro.html){target="_blank"}] and [[Font types](https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/text/text_props.html){target="_blank"}] in matplotlib.
- Matplotlib linewidth units [[Docs](https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/introductory/customizing.html?highlight=lines.linewidth#a-sample-matplotlibrc-file){target="_blank"}]
- Matplotlib Plot Size in Centimeters or Pixels [[Docs](https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/subplots_axes_and_figures/figure_size_units.html#figure-size-in-centimeter){target="_blank"}]
- Notebook for adding legend to plot [[Updated Exercise](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EH-Vq6sYXzUw4W3RdsZ02RbPDDLceUsV?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Notebook for showing bar chart with labels [[Updated Exercise 2](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1GyS1_U9mhREzW2tD8WBe_5tOu7kuueIs?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Setting up custom stylesheet for organization [[hfstevance.com](https://www.hfstevance.com/blog/2019/7/22/matplotlib-style){target="_blank"}]
- Updated Notebook05 to to display all months [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19wkXg9n2-5uLfk_gjJtW5H2ac44CGDfT?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Visualizing Meteorological Data [[MetPy](https://unidata.github.io/MetPy/latest/index.html){target="_blank"}]

### Static and Interactive Maps

- Starting with OSM [[GitHub](https://github.com/luicarboni/My_Projects/blob/master/Starting_with_OSMnx.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- A Python package for creating interactive maps [[anymap](https://anymap.dev/){target="_blank"}]
- Adding inset maps to matplotlib plots [[Docs](https://geopandas.org/en/v1.1.0/gallery/inset_map.html){target="_blank"}]
- Adjusting Contextily Zoom Levels [[contextily.readthedocs.io](https://contextily.readthedocs.io/en/latest/intro_guide.html#Fine-tune-zoom-levels){target="_blank"}]
- Big geospatial visualization with lonboard [[podcast](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAjabS0GTdo){target="_blank"}]
- Code for adding labels to polygons [[supplement notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-dataviz-web/blob/main//supplement_labeling_features.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Contextily cache management [see [[supplement notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-dataviz-web/blob/main/supplement_contextily.ipynb){target="_blank"}]]
- Displaying Text instead of markers on Folium map [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#displaying-text-on-folium-maps){target="_blank"}]
- Libraries to add map components [[cartopy](https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/latest/){target="_blank"}]
- Locating Nearest Facility with Origin-Destination Matrix [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/ors_api_distance_matrix.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Lock the extent of map in Folium [[min_zoom](https://python-visualization.github.io/folium/modules.html){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Examples [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/marceloprates/prettymaps/blob/master/notebooks/examples.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- OSMnx Examples [[Notebooks](https://github.com/gboeing/osmnx-examples/blob/main/notebooks/13-isolines-isochrones.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Plan your route [[Notebook](https://nbviewer.org/github/amitkb3/python_spatial_analysis_final_project/blob/master/PythonSpatialAnalysisCourse_FinalProject.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS vector classification modes. What is quantile/equal counts/jenks etc. [[mybinder.org](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/spatialthoughts/python-dataviz-web/main?urlpath=lab){target="_blank"}]
- Query PostGIS from Python using GeoPandas [[Docs](https://geopandas.org/en/stable/docs/reference/api/geopandas.GeoDataFrame.from_postgis.html){target="_blank"}]
- Streamling Large Vector datasets with Leafmap and PMTiles [[leafmap.org](https://leafmap.org/notebooks/82_pmtiles/#overture-data){target="_blank"}]

### Web Apps and Dashboards

- Google Cloud Storage with Streamlit [[docs.streamlit.io](https://docs.streamlit.io/knowledge-base/tutorials/databases/gcs){target="_blank"}]
- Protobuf issue while installing streamlit on Mac [[workaround](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/10571){target="_blank"}]
- Streamlit Button and Session State [[docs.streamlit.io](https://docs.streamlit.io/library/api-reference/session-state){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnXJBsCIl_A&feature=emb_title){target="_blank"}]

### Raster and XArray

- Information video on COG [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se2Xd7CKhHg){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating Precipitation Time Series [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_aggregating_time_series.html){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud-Optisized GeoTiff [[Generation COG using GDAL](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#writing-cloud-optimized-geotiff-cog){target="_blank"}] [[A free App to create COG](https://mykolakozyr-cogcreator-appapp-q58sb4.streamlit.app/){target="_blank"}]
- Basic Raster Styling and analysis [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/raster_styling_and_analysis.ipynb#scrollTo=sXz3vBIurU95){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud Native Geospatial
    - Guide to Cloud Native Formats [[guide.cloudnativegeo.org](https://guide.cloudnativegeo.org/){target="_blank"}]
    - Data Catalogs of Cloud Optimized Raster Dataset [[STAC Index](https://stacindex.org/){target="_blank"}]
    - Data Catalog of Cloud Optimized Vector Dataset [[source.cooperative](https://beta.source.coop/){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud optimized GIS datasets
    - CNG community [[cloudnativegeo.org](https://cloudnativegeo.org/){target="_blank"}]
    - Cloud optimized formats [[guide.cloudnativegeo.org](https://guide.cloudnativegeo.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Earth Engine data to zarr [[GitHub](https://github.com/google/Xee/blob/main/examples/ee_to_zarr.py){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting an ImageCollection to NetCDF [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xee_ic_to_netcdf.html){target="_blank"}]
- GPM precipitation time-series [[GEE course material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement#gpm-precipitation-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- GRIB data example using xarray [[Docs](https://docs.xarray.dev/en/stable/examples/ERA5-GRIB-example.html){target="_blank"}]
- Handling multi-temporal satellite images with Xarray [[Blog](https://medium.com/@bonnefond.virginie/handling-multi-temporal-satellite-images-with-xarray-30d142d3391){target="_blank"}]
- Raster data processing using xarray, rasterio, dask_gateway etc. [[Cloudless Mosaic Tutorial](https://planetarycomputer.microsoft.com/docs/tutorials/cloudless-mosaic-sentinel2/){target="_blank"}]
- Using `xarray` and `rioxarray` libraries to read, transform, clip, subset and plot netcdf time-series data [[Working with NetCDF Files](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/xarray_netcdf.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Zonal stats in geopandas. Sampling Data from Rasters using GeoDataFrame [[Docs](https://geopandas.org/en/stable/gallery/geopandas_rasterio_sample.html){target="_blank"}]

### Further Learning

- QGIS for Urban and Regional Planning [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/03/15/gis-in-urban-and-regional-planning/){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Street Intersection Density for Walkability [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_intersection_density.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Analyzing Urban Form using Momepy [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPyjyqIOZoU){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Thoughts python tutorials [[gitHub repo](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Areal Mean Rainfall [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/areal_mean_rainfall.html){target="_blank"}]
- How to visualize sum of line lengths for each district
    - Perform a Table Join using *Join Attributes by Field Value* [[Table Join Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/performing_table_joins.html){target="_blank"}]
- Unpivot GIS data [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/unpivot.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- A GitHub tutorial [[Video](https://youtu.be/tRZGeaHPoaw){target="_blank"}]
- A practical introduction to GIS [[Video](https://youtu.be/yfLjnK569XY){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud based Remote Sensing using Python [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing#){target="_blank"}]
- `pd.concat()` with DataFrames of different columns [[Docs](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/api/pandas.concat.html){target="_blank"}]
- Code for unzipping data in python environment [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/raster_styling_and_analysis.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Crop yield prediction [[Regression Model](https://earthlab.colorado.edu/blog/crop-yield-forecasting-landsat-imagery){target="_blank"}][[Random Forest Model](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273117722005737){target="_blank"}][[AI Model](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10803197){target="_blank"}]
- Downloading shared files from Google Drive [[gist](https://gist.github.com/tanaikech/f0f2d122e05bf5f971611258c22c110f){target="_blank"}]
- Geographiclib documentation [[geographiclib.sourceforge.io](https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Geopackage Viewer [[ngageoint.github.io](https://ngageoint.github.io/geopackage-viewer-js/){target="_blank"}]
- Getting the file size using python
    - Using Shell Command `!ls -lh`
    - Using Python [[shutil](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-shutil-disk_usage-method/){target="_blank"}]
- Ideas for teaching GIS to high-schoolers
    - Mapping Basketball data in QGIS [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWMO8r4-0ZxMixxhg23Vgmzch348Jw1QL){target="_blank"}] [[talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlLlJz9sghk){target="_blank"}]
    - Mapping Music Bands and Places from Songs [[map](https://metal-map.com/map){target="_blank"}]
    - Open Door to GIS Book [[Book](https://locatepress.com/odg){target="_blank"}]
    - Adaptation of qgis tools in high school geography education [[researchgate.net](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371826106_ADAPTATION_OF_QGIS_TOOLS_IN_HIGH_SCHOOL_GEOGRAPHY_EDUCATION){target="_blank"}]
- News about default map coordinates [[News](https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/08/kansas-couple-sues-ip-mapping-firm-for-turning-their-life-into-a-digital-hell/){target="_blank"}]
- Pandas for data cleaning [[realpython.com](https://realpython.com/python-data-cleaning-numpy-pandas/){target="_blank"}]
- Python Foundation Course [[OpenCourseWare](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-foundation.html){target="_blank"}]
- SpatialThoughts Webinar recordings [[archive](https://spatialthoughts.com/public-speaking/){target="_blank"}]

### Data Sources

- Introduction to Forest Change Analysis in Earth Engine [[Deforestation Data](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_forest_01){target="_blank"}]
- Soil datasets [[Global Soil Grids](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/isric/){target="_blank"}] [[Global Soil Salinity Maps](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/global_salinity/){target="_blank"}]
- STAC Catalog Index [[stacindex.org](https://stacindex.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Air Quality Dataset [[OpenAQ](https://openaq.org/#/){target="_blank"}]
- Bangalore wards data [[GitHub](https://github.com/datameet/Municipal_Spatial_Data/tree/master/Bangalore){target="_blank"}]
- Python Web Scraping [[RealPython](https://realpython.com/beautiful-soup-web-scraper-python/){target="_blank"}][[Pandas](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/python/pandas_scraping.ipynb){target="_blank"}][[DataMeet Mailing List](https://datameet.org/){target="_blank"}]
- VIIRS Nighttime data [[Earth Observation Group](https://eogdata.mines.edu/products/vnl/#monthly){target="_blank"}]

## Cloud Native Remote Sensing with Python

Course material: [Cloud Native Remote Sensing with Python](python-remote-sensing.html){target="_blank"}

### Data Access and STAC

- Tiling Large Exports in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/10/23/large-image-exports-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- STAC Catalog Index [[stacindex.org](https://stacindex.org/){target="_blank"}]
- DuckDB STAC extension [[duckdb.org](https://duckdb.org/community_extensions/extensions/stac){target="_blank"}]
- GEE quota monitoring [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2026/02/09/gee-quota-monitoring/){target="_blank"}]
- How does odc-stac group pixels?
    - Use `preserve_original_order=True` to control the overlap order [[odc-stac.readthedocs.io](https://odc-stac.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_api/odc.stac.load.html){target="_blank"}]
- Validating COGs [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing.html#introduction-to-google-colab){target="_blank"}]

### XArray Workflows

- Geo-python tutorials [[spatialthoughts tutorials](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/introduction.html){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud-native geospatial data cube workflows with open-source tools
    - Tracking Glacier Movement [[e-marshall.github.io](https://e-marshall.github.io/cloud-open-source-geospatial-data-cube-workflows/itslive/nbs/1_accessing_itslive_s3_data.html){target="_blank"}]
    - Sentinel-1 RTC Tutorial [[e-marshall.github.io](https://e-marshall.github.io/cloud-open-source-geospatial-data-cube-workflows/sentinel1/s1_intro.html){target="_blank"}]
- Create monthly medians for each year using 5 years of data [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1jPs_6xYYMwJCbgeA86cF-nsgjGPbd5oh?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Time Series at Multiple Points with Xarray [[Geopython tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_extracting_time_series_multiple.html){target="_blank"}]
- Precipitation Data Processing using XArray [[Notebook by Joaquín](https://github.com/Joaquin-Urruti/Precipitaciones_PMRA/blob/main/data.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Working with H3 data [[xdggs.readthedocs.io](https://xdggs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/h3.html){target="_blank"}] [[a5geo example](https://a5geo.org/examples/area){target="_blank"}]

### GeoAI, Foundation Models and Embeddings

- Foundation Models and Embeddings
    - Using Foundation Models for Earth Observation [[developmentseed.org](https://developmentseed.org/blog/2024-11-01-geofm/){target="_blank"}]
    - The Technical Debt of Earth Embedding Products [[cloudnativegeo.org](https://cloudnativegeo.org/blog/2026/02/the-technical-debt-of-earth-embedding-products/){target="_blank"}]
- `segment_length` vs. `iteration` parameter for smoothify [[GitHub](https://github.com/DPIRD-DMA/Smoothify/blob/main/examples/real_world_water_example.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Agentic coding for geospatial [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/agentic-coding-geospatial.html){target="_blank"}]
- Building Classification with GeoAI – Google AlphaEarth in Python [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vqoq1N0jLok){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting building heights [[Supplement Notebook](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing.html#extracting-building-heights-from-globalbuildingatlas){target="_blank"}]
- GeoTessera examples [[GitHub](https://github.com/ucam-eo/geotessera-examples){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Tree Canopy Fragmentation
    - Extracting Tree Canopy Cover from High-Resolution Imagery using GeoAI [[samgeo.gishub.org](https://samgeo.gishub.org/examples/tree_mapping/?h=tree#tree-mapping-with-samgeo-and-segment-anything-model-2-sam-2){target="_blank"}]
    - High Resolution Canopy Height Maps [[Meta](https://ai.meta.com/ai-for-good/datasets/canopy-height-maps/){target="_blank"}]
    - DEFRA High Resolution Aerial Imagery for UK [[Data service platform](https://environment.data.gov.uk/survey){target="_blank"}]
    - Landscape Fragmentation Analysis [[pylandstats](https://pylandstats.readthedocs.io/en/latest/landscape.html){target="_blank"}]
- Using GeoAI for Object Detection [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/agentic-coding-geospatial.html#using-geoai-object-detection){target="_blank"}]

### Spectral Indices and Applications

- Detecting algal bloom using NDCI [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement#detecting-algal-blooms){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral Indices source
    - Awesome spectral indices [[GitHub](https://github.com/awesome-spectral-indices/awesome-spectral-indices){target="_blank"}]
    - indexdatabase [[indexdatabase.de](https://www.indexdatabase.de/db/i.php){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Interactive Story Maps with GeoLibre [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMXg-y4wg_8){target="_blank"}]
- Earth engine code for adding the Spatial context [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#adding-spatial-context){target="_blank"}]
- Monitoring Economic Development from Space: Using Nighttime Light and Land Cover Data to Measure Economic Growth [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X14002551?via%3Dihub){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral Indices for Land and Aquatic Applications [[Earthdata training](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/trainings/spectral-indices-land-aquatic-applications){target="_blank"}]

### Datasets

- Building Heights Datasets
    - Google Open Buildings Temporal 2.5D [[sites.research.google](https://sites.research.google/gr/open-buildings/temporal/){target="_blank"}] [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2025/03/29/building_height_gee/){target="_blank"}]
    - Global Building Atlas [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing.html#extracting-building-heights-from-globalbuildingatlas){target="_blank"}]
- Data for Celestian bodies in GeoLibre [[geolibre.app](https://geolibre.app/user-guide/adding-data/#other-celestial-bodies){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Population Grids [[Earthdata course](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/trainings/introduction-population-grids-integration-remote-sensing-data-sustainable){target="_blank"}]
- OpenTopography Raster DEM Data Catalog [[GitHub](https://github.com/OpenTopography/OT_BulkAccess_COGs){target="_blank"}]
- WorldCereal Data Download [[Zenodo](https://zenodo.org/records/7875105){target="_blank"}]

## End-to-End Google Earth Engine

Course material: [End-to-End Google Earth Engine](end-to-end-gee.html){target="_blank"}

### Earth Engine Fundamentals

- Functional programming concepts [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_03){target="_blank"}]
- What UTM Zone am I in? [[mangomap](https://mangomap.com/robertyoung/maps/69585/what-utm-zone-am-i-in-#){target="_blank"}]
- GEE debugging guide [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/debugging){target="_blank"}]
- Coding best practices [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Understanding *Scale* in working of GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/scale){target="_blank"}]
- Coding Best Practices [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices){target="_blank"}]
- COGs in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/Earth_Engine_asset_from_cloud_geotiff){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Debugging Guide [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/debugging?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Get min-max value of an image `ee.Reducer.minMax()` [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ab1e8af34aaba388fa86b5d4802c1db1){target="_blank"}]
- Google Earth Engine Coding Best Practices [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices?hl=en#if_you_dont_need_to_clip_dont_use_clip){target="_blank"}]
- Script modules : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground?hl=en#script-modules){target="_blank"}]
- Script Modules [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground#script_modules){target="_blank"}]
- `ee.Filter.inList()` for selecting multiple features [[scripts](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e0da4cc126fda39f3fb666492bea8166){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregate array [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7672290ce23e96648671347bb6f34bbe){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating a property of a collection as list - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/309890f63fd6ac78a73a10f00272db21){target="_blank"}]
- Applying Reducer [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/321f686e61bb18d2c35c1254a30e7d16){target="_blank"}]
- Chapter on Filter,Map and Reduce [[EEEFA Book](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.uoy3bmoelc1k){target="_blank"}]
- Client vs. Server - Dynamic Layer Name example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e627260781da4c3d24ae587122ceb7ec){target="_blank"}]
- Client vs. Server - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/client_server){target="_blank"}]
- Clip - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices#if-you-dont-need-to-clip,-dont-use-clip){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud Assets vs. Legacy Assets [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/cloud/assets){target="_blank"}] [[quota](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/usage){target="_blank"}]
- Code Editor Frontend Bug with 0 class values [[bug](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/299638571){target="_blank"}]
- code to demo calendar range : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b695154322c703a3e7ca4ae4aadb69a4){target="_blank"}]
    - Joins : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5a5bb288b78cb0a4974236fde0d73e32){target="_blank"}]
- Code to get unique pixel values in an image [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/54d05bb80b9faec4868d9b97b8152d44){target="_blank"}]
- Combined Reducers [[Advanced concepts course material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-advanced.html#combined-reducers){target="_blank"}]
- Conditional Operators in GEE [[sample code](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/94d2a50a97d9cd437fc2b14ce5b3eb7c){target="_blank"}]
- Converting timestamps into the local time-zone [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9365816fafc041308babd08bcb0634f8){target="_blank"}]
- Coordinate Precision [[xkcd comic](https://xkcd.com/2170/){target="_blank"}][[stackexchange post](https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/8674/5160){target="_blank"}]
- Create list of dates for months [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/17fe5322aca2d10c9ae9b9d14af69c6c){target="_blank"}]
- Debugging errors and scaling the analysis [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#debugging-errors-and-scaling-your-analysis){target="_blank"}]
- Default projection in GEE [[User Guide Article](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/projections#the-default-projection){target="_blank"}]
- Deferred Execution - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/deferred_execution){target="_blank"}]
- Earth Engine Bugs and Feature Requests
    - Main Issue Tracker [[issuetracker.google.com](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues?q=componentid:184406%20type:feature_request%20status:open){target="_blank"}]
    - Feature Request: Export to nested folders in Google Drive [[issuetracker.google.com](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/193810676){target="_blank"}]
    - Feature Request: Open Scripts in New Tab [[issuetracker.google.com](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/184856857){target="_blank"}]
- EE commercial [[earthengine.google.com](https://earthengine.google.com/commercial/){target="_blank"}]
- Example code for aggregate_array [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/511bc1c7625a2fa8199ab8b943a37cd8){target="_blank"}]
- Example for combined reducer [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a98ae406de9511ba573bc31f919fbf62){target="_blank"}]
- Example script for different filters [[Filter.inList](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/465918e6f4a0b98e21bd7bca6ef9359e){target="_blank"}][[Filter.or](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6a1d988f0ee0a6d5789f5c32f697d180){target="_blank"}]
- Filter from list of values using inList [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e736a6e425a67e70182c843a76eb5627){target="_blank"}]
- Filter using a list - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b1e80ff1903a76b4036392ad2d727daf){target="_blank"}]
- Filter using a list `ee.Filter.inList()` [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d950095eacb4ec6f6c88bafdeb03eba9){target="_blank"}]
- Flatten the list [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/43be55245b314b3cd5b7de5f38b0fc82){target="_blank"}]
- Formatting string and using symbol to print [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0876e1335b07667d260a6981f109ab85){target="_blank"}]
- Function to print a subset of items in a collection `.limit()` - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e36574428b67a6364ea21dd73f00af4e?accept_repo=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%2F){target="_blank"}]
- Function to print all values for an attribute `aggregate_array()` - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/59a06feae75efde038343b79c3aa9afc?accept_repo=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE){target="_blank"}]
- Functional programming concepts [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_03?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- GEE API Reference [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs){target="_blank"}]
- GEE best practices [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices#if_you_dont_need_to_clip_dont_use_clip){target="_blank"}]
- GEE code editor version control (GIT) : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground?hl=en#script-manager-scripts-tab){target="_blank"}]
- GEE commercial [[pricing overview](https://cloud.google.com/earth-engine/pricing){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Debugging guide [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/debugging?hl=en#timed-out){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Joins
    - Joins Overview [[GEE Documentation](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/joins_intro){target="_blank"}]
    - Talk on Joins: Time-series processing using GEE [[geo4good](https://youtu.be/ncb5_zbvnaU?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Get list of admin2 names using aggregate_array [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f5e14f7490e48eca6e8ffb5a4509c7aa){target="_blank"}]
- Get nth image from the collection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b6d902467e1aa10ac45ce734e9846ea2){target="_blank"}]
- Google Maps Zoom Levels [[Zoom Level vs. Pixel Resolution](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Zoom_levels){target="_blank"}]
- Grouped reductions example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/625a354dee5b06584582d28ad06a0505){target="_blank"}]
- Invert the selection using .not( ) [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d6136b757da6e1f59158be325a078396){target="_blank"}]
- Kolleru Lake location [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a067723f109720147ad7adb55174e479){target="_blank"}]
- Logic to skip adding a layer if it is a duplicate [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/211af7ac0789fd7a2849095b581e9c94){target="_blank"}]
- Managing scripts in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground#script-manager-scripts-tab){target="_blank"}]
- Manifest upload [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_manifest){target="_blank"}]
- Print few elements of the collection using *limit()* and *first()* [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9157706f19d6a4e9727450da0951b1e1){target="_blank"}]
- Reducer intervalMean [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-reducer-intervalmean){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e649dd13886b512d74f7d0ae23ba6b41){target="_blank"}]
- Reusing code between scripts using script modules [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground#script-modules){target="_blank"}]
- Save-All Joins [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/joins_save_all){target="_blank"}]
- Some expression syntax [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a339cdcb6763c79dc5c3ea3a434b9936){target="_blank"}]
- Table upload limits [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/table_upload#advanced-options){target="_blank"}]
- Usign conditional operators in image.expression() [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-image-expression){target="_blank"}] [[example](https://code.earthengine.google.com/4bc8314c48ca34e92d4fafc116c13e29){target="_blank"}]
- Using '`system:index`' of the feature for selection using [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9412009e8602f1d8831e17d2f568f3e2){target="_blank"}]
- Using aside() for debugging [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-string-aside){target="_blank"}]
- Using calendarRange function [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/134154c575596dc61034bcfd700faa58){target="_blank"}]
- Using calendarRange() for filtering the imageCollection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/23108b691891ebe7922536309f5743c7){target="_blank"}]
- Using different operators in GEE [[Relational, Conditional, and Boolean Operations](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_relational?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Using format function to round upto 2 decimal [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/619a597d0843f7a3eda78d569a3970ce){target="_blank"}]
- Using inList for filtering the collection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8f7978e546091eb10ed8fe63e72ce0e5){target="_blank"}]
- Using internal id for filtering using `system:index` [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7ae51a964f19c6ba83bbce6005c58601){target="_blank"}]
- Using Service Accounts with GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/service_account){target="_blank"}] [[example](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#using-service-accounts){target="_blank"}]
- Zoom to the location using centerObject [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f974747746151b2f630e25c4146cadca?accept_repo=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE){target="_blank"}]

### Image Processing and Composites

- Working with QA Bands and Bitmasks in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/08/19/qa-bands-bitmasks-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Histogram Matching in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/07/14/histogram-matching-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- More accurate and flexible cloud masking for Sentinel-2 images [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/more-accurate-and-flexible-cloud-masking-for-sentinel-2-images-766897a9ba5f){target="_blank"}]
- Create a percentile composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/38ad87a8431702fc3728052d5dab1148){target="_blank"}]
- Different resampling methods in GEE [[Resampling and Reducing Resolution](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/resample?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- GEE resampling methods [[GEE Documentation](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/resample){target="_blank"}]
- HSV Transform
    - GEE Docs Pansharpening [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms#pan-sharpening){target="_blank"}]
    - G4G Presentation [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qapfXYkKEoXXsQDjvX1P412bzvpz3RdmIchEIpjXc8o/edit){target="_blank"}]
- Topographic correction in GEE [[mygeoblog.com](https://mygeoblog.com/2018/10/17/terrain-correction-in-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Band Correlation Matrix [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#calculating-band-correlation-matrix){target="_blank"}]
- Composite Images
    - Why composites are useful [[reference paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2411){target="_blank"}]
    - How to visualize the count of images at each pixel [[EEFA Book Chapter 4.1](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.qj80mxmyzsmw){target="_blank"}]
    - How to visualize the date of each pixel in a composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/00a2df44f7f1a2f121ba4f8c0e4f7cf5){target="_blank"}]
- Create a percentile composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8ea522603a3b6c13f4375dae0239f143){target="_blank"}]
- Filter images by cloud cover within a region [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#filter-images-by-cloud-cover-in-a-region){target="_blank"}]
- Landsat 7 SLC-off Gap Filling [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a4847b3ec05b127bc79b494017a357f8){target="_blank"}]
- Multi-criteria Overlay analysis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1c517d6d901349dfbde9c95610ca27f5){target="_blank"}]
- Resampling and Reducing Resolution [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/resample#reduce_resolution){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral Indices source
    - Awesome spectral indices [[GitHub](https://github.com/awesome-spectral-indices/awesome-spectral-indices){target="_blank"}]
    - indexdatabase [[indexdatabase.de](https://www.indexdatabase.de/db/i.php){target="_blank"}]
- Talk on the cloud score+ mask [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK9dKS7CP18){target="_blank"}]
- Understanding selfMask() function [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRu1JQ47oac){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Landsat Collection 2 [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#working-with-landsat-collection-2){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced cloud-free annual composite – [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340921007691){target="_blank"}]
- Atmospheric Correction for Sentinel 2 Level 1 (only needed for data between 2015-2017)
    - SIAC Level 2 correction [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8982005aa94ffe13bbf1390c7e18c9aa){target="_blank"}]
    - Remote Sensing Reflectance [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/32506dcdbb425385d0d2dc0a11c21bca){target="_blank"}]
- Central Pivot Irrigation Detector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b0e86fe626d11b3d5bdbe3f923a10799){target="_blank"}] [[Finding Circles, Revisited](https://gorelick.medium.com/finding-circles-revisited-595b9ee3ae5a){target="_blank"}] - by Noel Gorelick
- Combining multiple indices [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f874f36adac404e0c276d8921fc88c61){target="_blank"}]
- Create composite for all seasons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/89f69a30cfcf89b454272177ce768fe8){target="_blank"}]
- Data Fusion
    - The Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) data [[Dataset Overview](https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov/){target="_blank"}][[HLS-L30](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_HLS_HLSS30_v002){target="_blank"}][[HLS-S30](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_HLS_HLSS30_v002){target="_blank"}]
    - Stacking Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 bands for Classification [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/01193fb6af19df077ff41787d38b4ff5){target="_blank"}]
    - Join Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images collected on the same day over the same area for regression modeling [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1ccd1ce1c1c69f83210badd9fc3c3232){target="_blank"}]
    - Downscaling SMAP soil moisture by fusing with MODIS [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/dac21d03926884a82e62bd615950bc36){target="_blank"}] [[Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20964471.2023.2257905){target="_blank"}]
- Derive LST from Landsat images [[Supplement script](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#derive-lst-from-landsat-images){target="_blank"}]
- Downscaling code example with paper [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5ec9fe27ad9ac645b9fee4fb25ba9167){target="_blank"}]
- Example code to mask zeroes using selfMask() [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ef306eefe5e1d5ac6c06a992fb6535c5){target="_blank"}]
- Filter by Cloud Cover in a Region [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/dfe4655f6ca45f2dedc16294f0df6ac0){target="_blank"}]
- Filter Sentinel-2 collection by satellite name [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/906c370b62f95a8a73d9aa81acffa9df){target="_blank"}]
- Find pixels with maximum NDVI [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/891b5a21762cee875f182fd762e97dd7){target="_blank"}]
- Forest Canopy Density Monitoring, Using Satellite Images [[isprs.org](https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXV/congress/comm7/papers/48.pdf){target="_blank"}]
    - Log, sqrt and power syntax for expressions [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/59ef8e86e9560c3bd6aa7a3f58317b67){target="_blank"}]
- GEE implementation of ‘Remote Sensing Reflectance’ correction in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/a4bc601e2b44b4a0df9817dad5227ac5){target="_blank"}]
- Get date of each pixel in a composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0c93c187c3452da33b9738130c50b4f7){target="_blank"}]
- Image registration in GEE [[register](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-image-register){target="_blank"}] [[displacement](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-image-displacement){target="_blank"}]
- Index Database - [[indexdatabase.de](https://www.indexdatabase.de/db/r.php){target="_blank"}]
- Kernels and Convolutions
    - Reference PPT for understanding Kernels and Convolutions [[GEE for Water Resources](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/15EIaoRWc-obUrl2kqzlw_mYIaSAzYn7aOOE9SyU6XKc/edit#slide=id.gf6c419bce9_0_96){target="_blank"}]
    - GEE User Guide [[Convolutions](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_convolutions?hl=en){target="_blank"}][[Statistics of Image Neighborhoods](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_reduce_neighborhood){target="_blank"}]
    - Video explanation [[Video](https://youtu.be/4oGT_3qBkXc?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
    - Center-pivot Irrigation Detector with Kernels [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/de4c774f454005f6a91e7d12afaf422b){target="_blank"}]
- Landcover Statistics of Pixel Neighborhood [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/61a883d687430cecbfc796474ea86580){target="_blank"}]
- Landsat 8 EVI. : [[Theory](https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-enhanced-vegetation-index#:~:text=LANDSAT%20MISSIONS-,Landsat%20Enhanced%20Vegetation%20Index,-By%20Landsat%20Missions){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b2416b847f2b168fb117645de9762ee1){target="_blank"}]
- Landsat Harmonization Tutorial [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/landsat-etm-to-oli-harmonization?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Masking NoData
    - updateMask() to mask pixels [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3fd18853b6ea8ef6236b03bd98cc1f39){target="_blank"}]
    - Creating a water mask [[Video](https://youtu.be/d9cTwKEVtGQ?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
    - What is selfMask() [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRu1JQ47oac){target="_blank"}]
- Medoid composite [[explanation and code](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#medoid-composites){target="_blank"}]
- Mosaic Vs. Composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/0695a0dd5f96cb44dd3d9a89e80577d9){target="_blank"}]
- Multi-criteria overlay analysis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/26f0e56d3483d336cb728c508d78edf6){target="_blank"}]
- neighborhoodToBands [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ad68e06b6dbea603460da0f66fed7e61){target="_blank"}] [[Reference paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/109){target="_blank"}]
- OmniCloudMask [[GitHub](https://github.com/DPIRD-DMA/OmniCloudMask){target="_blank"}]
- Pan sharpening [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms?hl=en#pan-sharpening){target="_blank"}]
- Pan-Sharpening [[concepts](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_MRRAlTLsfaiTmVTvpFP0nKv7Kbm75X82teMztZjwHY/edit#slide=id.g26a100a288b_0_32){target="_blank"}][[GEE algorithm](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms){target="_blank"}]
- Quality mosaic [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/ic_composite_mosaic){target="_blank"}]
- References for composites
    - Land Cover Classification using Google Earth Engine and Random Forest Classifier—The Role of Image Composition [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152411){target="_blank"}]
    - Pan-tropical Sentinel-2 cloud-free annual composite datasets [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107488){target="_blank"}]
- Script for cloudy pixel count within the geometry [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/b778eeb4ea34977e1f0858affc99c3b8){target="_blank"}]
- Select images from Sentinel-2A [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a579d215206c006fad538f40b6855e37){target="_blank"}]
- Sensor fusion (S2 and S1) [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/acd792e9020674afbfce1a8c3696c470){target="_blank"}] [[joins documentation](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/joins_intro){target="_blank"}]
- Sensor Fusion HISTARFM [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/histarfm-cloud-and-gap-free-landsat){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance Product (Level 2A)
    - Default algorithm. Sen2Cor [[step.esa.int](https://step.esa.int/main/snap-supported-plugins/sen2cor/){target="_blank"}]
    - Other algorithms - [[MAJA](https://www.connectbycnes.fr/en/maja){target="_blank"}], [[SIAC](https://github.com/MarcYin/SIAC){target="_blank"}], CorA, FORCE, iCOR, LaSRC, MACCS, S2-AC2020, GFZ-AC, ... [[comparison](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/2/352){target="_blank"}]
    - Why GEE doesn't have earlier Level2 Products [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/oYfBBMXb5LQ/m/f9_BxPBOAAAJ){target="_blank"}]
    - Adding support for atmospheric corrections in GEE [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/R_bl-YAOFpw/m/z_LgqKQtBgAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Site-Suitability Analysis using Multi-Criteria Overlay [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/237b6c0d2c9cb0b2385610e5da92c996){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral transformation- rgb2Hsv [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral unmixing in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms#spectral-unmixing){target="_blank"}]
- STARFM data fusion: Explore the data without a GEE account [[app](https://almoma153.users.earthengine.app/view/explorehistarfm){target="_blank"}] [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425720302716){target="_blank"}]
- Tasseled Cap Transform [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/arrays_array_images){target="_blank"}]
- Texture in Google Earth Engine [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_texture?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Using a Percentile Reducer to create cloud-free composites in very cloudy regions [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/0453b43a4190700d3a75aa22f08451bd){target="_blank"}]
- Working with CORONA imagery on GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f707112b02d62e8b4940fda67b521686){target="_blank"}]

### Vectors, Zonal Statistics and Exports

- Understanding Pixel Weights in Zonal Statistics [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/07/13/pixel-weights-zonal-stats/){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Area in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/06/19/calculating-area-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Tiling Large Exports in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/10/23/large-image-exports-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating gridded population data in GEE [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/13/aggregating-population-data-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced vector operations [[eefa book Chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JJE_O6TmiRvZbzBn45eike3Ivnm-dxz51gkmtR_A3i8/edit){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced Vector Operations [[EEFA Chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JJE_O6TmiRvZbzBn45eike3Ivnm-dxz51gkmtR_A3i8/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.fsqb83l2pl43){target="_blank"}] [[Youtube playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu8jNJr6ZdtwifXeybHga4-C-Fmmp6RGP){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Raster Area [[Tutorial using ESA World cover](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_raster_area.html){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating shared border lengths [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/08/calculating-shared-border-lengths/){target="_blank"}]
- GDAL and Google Cloud Storage [[blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/02/26/gdal-google-cloud-storage/){target="_blank"}]
- Weighted Vs. Unweighted reducer example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/73d2336e741a1fa14ddbc107c2ecbb24){target="_blank"}]
- Area calculation for featureCollection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/86d50144320701b491c96f19e7a822fe){target="_blank"}]
- Buffer the region in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ef3a5ba51c1b5fddbd5a9a20609d76f4){target="_blank"}]
- Calculate area of multiple polygon - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6a4c900f46501f44da02cd868c28ad65){target="_blank"}]
- Calculate statistics on a FeatureCollection using `reduceColumns()` [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ee107f82b2a782cc30679bbde71e3163){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Area by Class [[group reducer code](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#calculating-area-by-class){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Buffer Region along the border of 2 polygons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/8e65ad7a1e13fe19f48b5758770af9b0){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating building density within a region [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1634599cf79d9d151cf74c3b4887f36c){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Visual Centers for Polygons
    - Centroids vs. Pole of Inaccessibility [[blog.mapbox.com](https://blog.mapbox.com/a-new-algorithm-for-finding-a-visual-center-of-a-polygon-7c77e6492fbc){target="_blank"}]
    - Calculating Weighted Centroids in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/14/weighted-centroids-qgis-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating grid on GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c054df3eb347a309af00a8e6c94be2e5){target="_blank"}]
- Creating grid-lines in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7b7ff3f095440f8aff0ecdb9f17774a9){target="_blank"}]
- Export with custom layer name : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/30b8a9e9e9e067c96fcbc476f4eddb33){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting a featureCollection [[code example](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7811ecfecee27a30528bd1b5f750d437){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting Composite for Dhaka (with updated filters) [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8d5ab6963c2fd0415c3ac733eeeadf8e?noload=1){target="_blank"}]
    - Merging exported tiles [[watch GDAL tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKHSKqzny8s&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HLVaHVf4TsnJ4HXZBSfxLOK&index=7){target="_blank"}]
    - `gdalbuildvrt -o dhaka.vrt *.tif; gdal_translate -of COG dhaka.vrt dhaka.tif`
- Exporting feature collections for charting [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/60cab1700cefa47fa118ee6ba57b9a55?accept_repo=users%2Fmapbiomas%2Fuser-toolkit){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting ImageCollection Metadata [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#export-imagecollection-metadata){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting images of a collection [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#exporting-imagecollections){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Farm Polygons
    - Raster to Vector conversion [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/71a91efa090b9ea2efcae7601b69da82){target="_blank"}]
    - Shoreline detection using satellite data : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c06179ff6575c0cedd66fa1cca6e4022){target="_blank"}]
- Filter the features matching with ids in CSV [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5a708ca6e4eef8b99ecf931c8d16a3fe){target="_blank"}]
- Geodesic buffer using GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3356be337a9189a90f2b4954b2a12978){target="_blank"}] [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1iJFk9ayFG7tceQySjCoWgKQ6lQiiIK2lqncRwB63yuk/edit#slide=id.g522ed82b3f_0_0){target="_blank"}]
- Grouped Reductions and Zonal Statistics : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_grouping){target="_blank"}]
- Kriging and IDW : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/interpolation){target="_blank"}]
- Least cost path script [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/Y2Rp09pvRaM/m/gz5ME2MjAwAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Merge polygons in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0310dae66d99e1678bc9ad42334cc226){target="_blank"}]
- reduceRegions application [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3faca716510ac03191936b409f7aab0e){target="_blank"}]
- Smoothing vectors [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/dff3666c8d676b279976e945d4025014){target="_blank"}]
- Split polygons by Area [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/00f1633619eaf261e6b2df85feb7961f){target="_blank"}]
- Sum vs. Count - Weighted Reducers [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/9886741335d6d1f12d69f693a8dea24e){target="_blank"}] [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_weighting){target="_blank"}] [[blog article](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/07/13/pixel-weights-zonal-stats/){target="_blank"}]
- Vector data in EE [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1iJFk9ayFG7tceQySjCoWgKQ6lQiiIK2lqncRwB63yuk/edit#slide=id.g522ed82b3f_0_0){target="_blank"}]
- Weighted vs Unweighted - [[community guide](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/extract-raster-values-for-points?hl=en#weighted_vs_unweighted_region_reduction){target="_blank"}]
- Working with geometries [[Multi Point](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/cb21ee8e312ee214b57fee5d0f344b04){target="_blank"}] [[Bounding box](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/264748182b7933916a170cc8201e88cd){target="_blank"}]

### Visualization, Charts and Maps

- Color Brewer : [[colorbrewer2.org](https://colorbrewer2.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Publication Quality Charts with GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html){target="_blank"}] [[Multi-year time series](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#multi-year-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Feature and FeatureCollection Visualization [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/feature_collections_visualizing){target="_blank"}]
- GEE animations [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/ic_visualization){target="_blank"}]
- Box Plot (Whisker Plot) in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7fc94b1fefe9db0a7c7e996ac33c209f){target="_blank"}]
- Add legend to the classified image [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/98f6e7e97d20531b3c9fab9f360271ea){target="_blank"}]
- Add legends in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/eb14abffd2dda7037034f5bbdcd8a527){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced Vector Visualization [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6bd32c84a5da5a730f0ad02359f79ef1){target="_blank"}]
- Animating urban growth [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/06f8c5e73ea64c8c236b06df370e3295){target="_blank"}]
- Array charts in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/charts_array){target="_blank"}]
- Box-plots using GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#box-plots){target="_blank"}]
- Chart Smooth - GEE [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/250426/moving-averages-and-seasonality-filters){target="_blank"}]
- Charting World cover by class - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/54e04ae4371b3175c5c2895e1f6bf45e){target="_blank"}]
- Classify NDVI and visualize in a discrete colours [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1e62623433cb0c0adf546010b3c7cbc6){target="_blank"}]
- Compute min/max dynamically [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a226ed888788487855c740b755e49c80){target="_blank"}]
- Create a spectral profile chart using GEE [[Box-plot script](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#spectral-profile-charts-datatable){target="_blank"}] [[simple line-chart approach](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#spectral-signature-plots){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Box Plot in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/c3a5bfcae5dd40f784f1d28d137d5045){target="_blank"}]
- Creating categorized raster image [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9d7e55b7a8a2c220e2a3c6d1c375e9cb){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Histograms in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6c5576a7985b1bd02d74e6d8c677836f){target="_blank"}]
- creating multiple hillshades [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ab8e16fe509a9df64f210841dab6dbc8){target="_blank"}]
- Display outline of Polygons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/88176906d5ac8d55ca7054de7e556065){target="_blank"}]
- Dynamic visualization parameters [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/a94a7ede0b717dbf5694fc48d5dd11af){target="_blank"}]
- Example of generating dynamic legend [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3873906ae2b226f61eb08097f2f60b99){target="_blank"}]
- Explore different palettes for better visualization [[colorbrewer](https://colorbrewer2.org/#type=diverging&scheme=BrBG&n=9){target="_blank"}]
- Exploring Base Maps in GEE
    - Customizing base map styles [[GEE Tutorial](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/customizing-base-map-styles){target="_blank"}]
    - Plain Basemap with no labels and just admin boundaries [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/116667e86132ef80bf6f2e5b97d05d24){target="_blank"}]
    - Function to modify the base maps [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/map-setoptions){target="_blank"}]
- GEE bar chart axis labelling [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8a018aba652cbeed63a9b253d86afd8b){target="_blank"}]
- Get different colour palettes [[ColorBrewer](https://colorbrewer2.org/#type=sequential&scheme=BuGn&n=3){target="_blank"}]
- Histograms
    - Creating Histogram in GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#image-histogram){target="_blank"}]
    - Otsu's Dynamic Thresholding [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/80d83dac5e4e2045fb868d90d0dacf5f){target="_blank"}]
- Labelling in Google Earth Engine - Bhutan Example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f1c91f8dad4724eea02dcedf6c44afd6){target="_blank"}]
- Multi class categorization - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/db00936b88e2b0bcc718c3f45f4e5f7c){target="_blank"}]
- Nighttime Lights Histogram
    - Using ui.Chart.image.histogram() for small regions [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5f1d9c7a1cad74f58351d3b5ff046882){target="_blank"}]
    - Using ui.Chart.feature.byFeature() for large regions [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/fdb10662ed1be0817691ccc9046a7bbb){target="_blank"}]
- Plotting chart using seriesByRegion function [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/36f137d7b46259e9352e5a0b95a73007){target="_blank"}]
- Rivers of India map - [[grasshoppergeography](https://www.grasshoppergeography.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Set visualization parameters dynamically [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/586cde3d8dba48fcbff5d1e125b144a8){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral signature with bars [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1a8cbbc138431a7d9573669f4eeee627){target="_blank"}]
- Text Annotation in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/beb9d4cd3751e1abf7e560bb1cf41182){target="_blank"}]
- Trend line charting - [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/Ig5KcWJnr7k/m/obRsMeEOAwAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Visualize all bands as filmstrip [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/ic_visualization#filmstrip){target="_blank"}] [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#visualizing-bands-of-an-image){target="_blank"}]

### Time Series and Change Detection

- Temporal Gap-Filling with Linear Interpolation in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/11/08/temporal-interpolation-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Time Series using [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/13/extracting-time-series-ee/){target="_blank"}]
- Learning Joins in Earth Engine: Time-series processing using GEE [[Video](https://youtu.be/ncb5_zbvnaU?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Gridded Rainfall Data in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/10/28/rainfall-data-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Performing linear regression in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_regression?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Deforestation Monitoring [[LandTrendr](https://emapr.github.io/LT-GEE/landtrendr.html){target="_blank"}]
- Fitting Harmonic Model - Time Series Modelling [[GEE Tutorial](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/time-series-modeling){target="_blank"}][[supplement script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2571354fd245ad2bf4f0b42219a51340){target="_blank"}]
- Harmonized Landsat Time Series [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#harmonized-landsat-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Deforestation, Pine Beetle Infestation, Forest Fires using LandTrendr [[Document](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1THow799xOMIthOSplqketZzRcdamXIF2_tLpPLuLa2Y/edit?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Monitoring Landcover Changes using Dynamic World [[Workshop Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-dw-monitoring.html){target="_blank"}]
- Reference material for LandTrender [[Interpreting Annual Time Series](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.a480u2bjy8ur){target="_blank"}] [[Introduction to CCDC Dataset](https://earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com/events/geoforgood22/watch?talk=day2-tracktwo-talk1){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating Images for Time Series [[EEFA Book Chapter 4.2](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.7fxubhb0q8tn){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting NDVI time-series [[Guided project](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#project-3-extracting-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Forest Change Analysis in Earth Engine [[Deforestation Data](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_forest_01){target="_blank"}]
- Precipitation time-series analysis [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#module-3-precipitation-time-series-analysis){target="_blank"}]
- Review of Time Series Classification [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924271616000769){target="_blank"}]
- Time-series at multiple location [[GFS data code](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#time-series-at-multiple-locations){target="_blank"}]
- Urban expansion : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?accept_repo=users/msanthosh1855/urban_growth){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating images for time series [[Book Chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.7fxubhb0q8tn){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating Yearly Composites [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/16b3ed1bcc3b2dde58e51110e6019ab5){target="_blank"}] [[Book Chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.7fxubhb0q8tn){target="_blank"}]
- Change between years using embeddings [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%3ASupplement%2FChange_Detection%2FSatellite_Embeddings_Change_Detection){target="_blank"}]
- Compare NDVI trend for different locations [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/28d83134c0a4d449f8d754b013fbe3ab){target="_blank"}]
- Computing Climate Trends [[Python Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_climate_trends.html){target="_blank"}]
- Convert Change Detection Output to Polygons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/4df32fee2c7009d331ae48aa93f23043){target="_blank"}]
- Create monthly collection in a time period [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/98604c09949b65affea9b42d5eca37ee){target="_blank"}]
- Dynamic World Time-Series Classification [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLvL2dk2noQ){target="_blank"}] [[app](https://sites.google.com/view/dynamic-world){target="_blank"}]
- Exploring time series with dynamic world data [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/introduction-to-dynamic-world-pt-3?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Extract Time Series of Each Pixel [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0c90c5e03a5bb011e4ac4412bf2a68dd){target="_blank"}]
- Extraction of phenological parameters [[GitHub](https://github.com/adriadescals/LandSurfacePhenology_Sentinel2){target="_blank"}] [[paper with code](https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7418/3/1/12){target="_blank"}]
- Fourier transforms [[FFT on Time-Series](https://github.com/e5k/google_earth_engine_python_examples/blob/master/005_ee_basic_Proba-V_NDVI_Time-Series_Analysis.ipynb){target="_blank"}][[DCT Transform in GEE](https://code.earthengine.google.com/01b5487599cfc038d33e53df1afd4ee8){target="_blank"}]
    - Time Series Processing in GEE [[video with code](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncb5_zbvnaU){target="_blank"}]
- LandTrendr implementation in GEE [[LT-GEE Guide](https://emapr.github.io/LT-GEE/){target="_blank"}]
- Linear regressions in GEE
    - `ee.Reducer.linearRegression()` example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/07a777852fdaab6dc12a8404ce702dcb){target="_blank"}]
    - Pixel-wise linear regression on ImageCollections [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_regression?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
    - Interpreting an Image: Regression [[EEFA Book Chapter F3.0](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Lv0GEh2nzqigoXPulkNT8ME_V4NKgt9gsIY6KxVj2_o/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.9hyggv7ium58){target="_blank"}]
- Mann Kendall test [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement.html#mann-kendall-test){target="_blank"}]
- MODIS landcover change over time [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f93bb834e8a8ca5ada19318bf9ea8f2a){target="_blank"}]
- Night time lights trend for pre-covid and post-covid observation [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9cd030c07c3e233919ce5f655b5d9af2){target="_blank"}]
- Night time lights trend [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#night-time-lights-ntl-trends){target="_blank"}]
- Plotting time-series for multiple regions [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a4cafb65ebeb0ddcb11c5039af5a5d08){target="_blank"}]
- Precipitation time series video for detailed explanation of flatten() [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwqevwmlhoA&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HJ5VhW6BZfhPX6spUcTY7SR&index=4){target="_blank"}]
- Precipitation time-series analysis steps [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1G-v9Nz90DGGQ2OfTPxwD5j-HspPcIYUu9UB-nkNnGn4/edit#slide=id.gfa090c5ba4_0_0){target="_blank"}]
- Rainfall - NDVI correlation [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7d5af24e33bba4a8f2cb6358f82da3e6){target="_blank"}]
- Rainfall vs. NDVI Chart [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/30836008bab56f17251336e6589c775b){target="_blank"}] [[aggregating image time-series video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0fTOVmDFro){target="_blank"}]
- Sand Mining Change Detection [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Yk_fskP9Qmf2y0HQoUyASvUllHdg5pyFum3fzjs4iLQ/edit#slide=id.g501429383a_0_0){target="_blank"}]
- Sen slope technique in GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#trend-analysis){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t73sL6DPiiY&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HI0YeA5zQHxdNlmxihvBawF&index=43){target="_blank"}]
- Temperature forecast for a location [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7496e171ea7bc20d0d477ba41ee3dc9a){target="_blank"}]
- Temporal Segmentation: CCDC and LandTrendr [[Video](https://youtu.be/UzcCTfDJ1vE?feature=shared){target="_blank"}] [[LandTrendr Guide](https://emapr.github.io/LT-GEE/landtrendr.html){target="_blank"}]
- Time Series & Change Detection - [[Video](https://youtu.be/wDBcTOTAwOc){target="_blank"}]
- Time Series Analysis
    - Moving Window Smoothing [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?noload=true&scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%3ASupplement%2FTime_Series_Analysis%2FMoving_Window_Smoothing){target="_blank"}]
    - Savitzky-Golay Filtering [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%3ASupplement%2FTime_Series_Analysis%2FSavitzky_Golay_Smoothing){target="_blank"}]
- Time series classification. [[review paper](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271616000769){target="_blank"}]
- Time Series Smoothing in EE
    - Harmonic Fit [[Document](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mNIRB90jwLuASO1JYas1kuOXCLbOoy1Z4NlV1qIXM10/edit#heading=h.s5pg8lzfp985){target="_blank"}] [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorials#time-series-analysis){target="_blank"}]
- Time-Series at Multiple Locations [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/bdcef6533d689925c72c1ea4e968b726){target="_blank"}] [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#time-series-at-multiple-locations){target="_blank"}]
- Time-series Chart with Trendlines [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#time-series-with-trendlines){target="_blank"}]
- Tracking Deforestation
    - Forest monitoring and alert system [[Global Forest Watch](https://www.globalforestwatch.org/){target="_blank"}]
    - Example of GLAD alert of illegal road being constructed in forest [[slide](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1RMyufK1bD7_Mj0b0Pub-CADiBsmT8LqyGMXIgem3UW4/edit#slide=id.g9c111c1613_0_833){target="_blank"}]
- Trend analysis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/dfe90fe6513548275a11541e766163c6){target="_blank"}]

### Classification and Machine Learning

- Estimating Above Ground Biomass using RF Regression in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/02/07/agb-regression-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Object based classification approach [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223776){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/c5ad1926a4ca9436d489b4b043a34803){target="_blank"}]
- Segmentation of High Resolution Imagery [[samgeo](https://samgeo.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Enhancing Land Cover with Local Knowledge [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/11/22/dw-mapathon-nairobi/){target="_blank"}]
- Keep distance between points to avoid spatial autocorrelation [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/classification){target="_blank"}]
- Available training datasets for classification [[LandCoverNet](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/lcnet/){target="_blank"}] [[LUCAS](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/JRC_LUCAS_HARMO_THLOC_V1){target="_blank"}]
    - Using LandcoverNet for building a classifier [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/003055731e04136ac4406d99fe43dedc){target="_blank"}]
    - Using LUCAS data for building a crop classifier [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7e889dcb5260213b5831a547c8e13c55){target="_blank"}]
- Classification using migrated training samples [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924271620302008?via%3Dihub){target="_blank"}]
- Improving selection of spectral variables [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/313678/a-reproducible-example-for-the-use-of-separability-measures-in-improving-selecti/323778#323778){target="_blank"}]
- Machine Learning algorithms in GEE [[smile](https://haifengl.github.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Object-based method for burnt area identification [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_objects?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Stratified sampling using GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#image-scatter-chart){target="_blank"}]
- 30 years classification using Landsat and extracting urban footprint [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c7fada3abc2faed18ade5ac6ad1b77cb){target="_blank"}]
- Accuracy assessment methods
    - K-Fold Cross Validation [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#k-fold-cross-validation){target="_blank"}]
    - Area under the ROC Curve [[forum post with script](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/52ASlA15yLg/m/y9lAJTFQCAAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Add Latitude/Longitude information to Image for Machine Learning [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/88c9f275849be50e0389b8c89f85944d){target="_blank"}]
- Add NDVI statistics for Supervised Classification [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c02ca40d8e9ad44e1b3d66e5209fdb09){target="_blank"}]
- Alternate workflow for validation (machine learning method) : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4e56a1badb6196e4fd6e6989dabcf341){target="_blank"}]
- Area Under Curve [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/437170/area-under-curve-of-sentinel-2-time-series-using-google-earth-engine){target="_blank"}]
- Canopy height regression model in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e0dee604606e99bbffb9221d8ce2b9a2){target="_blank"}]
- Collection of Labeled Datasets for Machine Learning Awesome Satellite Imagery Datasets [[GitHub](https://github.com/chrieke/awesome-satellite-imagery-datasets){target="_blank"}]
- Crop classification in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6b365e0cec2812ceb5c007939879fcd2){target="_blank"}]
- Do you need to split your samples for regression? [[Twitter](https://x.com/fortiain/status/1754910069806809223){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting farm boundaries [[samgeo tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/samgeo_farm_boundary_extraction.html){target="_blank"}]
- Farm Boundary Detection
    - Overview of Approaches [[Blog](https://medium.com/geekculture/%D1%81r%D0%BE%D1%80-field-boundary-detection-approaches-and-main-challenges-46e37dd276bc){target="_blank"}]
    - CNN Based Segmentation Approach with Python Code (non-GEE) [[GitHub](https://github.com/simongrest/farm-pin-crop-detection-challenge){target="_blank"}]
    - Agriculture Field Boundary Detection [[book chapter](https://calekochenour.github.io/remote-sensing-textbook/05-advanced/chapter25-agriculture-boundaries-vaalharts.html){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/db7a9731d14d92b9e0190c2ff36d7ab2){target="_blank"}]
    - Central-Pivot Irrigation Detector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/de4c774f454005f6a91e7d12afaf422b){target="_blank"}]
- Feature Scaling
    - Why feature scaling? [[analyticsvidhya.com](https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2020/04/feature-scaling-machine-learning-normalization-standardization/){target="_blank"}]
    - Normalization and Standardization [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#image-normalization-and-standardization){target="_blank"}]
    - Robust Scaling with Inter-Quartile Range [adapt the[[code for IQR](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#box-plot-with-outliers-datatable){target="_blank"}]]
- Formatting Consumers/producers accuracy arrays [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/772ba7e52089b9e6ddfcede8f17bf2cb){target="_blank"}]
- Forward and Backward correction for the classification [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/8e5d605c3dc532deb6421eceb85d5102){target="_blank"}]
- Fragmentation analysis for landscape
    - Understanding fragmentation [[azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in](https://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/publications/2023/article/15-years-of-fragmentation-and-land-cover-change-in-indias-ten-largest-cities-a-google-earth-engine-analysis){target="_blank"}] [[fragstats](https://fragstats.org/index.php){target="_blank"}]
    - Object-based methods in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_objects?hl=en){target="_blank"}] [
    - Calculate Patch Statistics [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ed70971265ae5fca63bcdb838a4fbc12){target="_blank"}]
- GCP Table upload - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/335ce1e3a967b9e6f86840835118a71f){target="_blank"}]
- Hyperparameter Tuning for Multiple Parameters [[complete script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%3A03-Supervised-Classification%2F04b_Hyperparameter_Tuning_(complete)){target="_blank"}]
- Identify misclassified points - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8b78c3f5110b861389faceb6ebc08e3d){target="_blank"}]
- Identify Misclassified Points using Filters [[complete script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FEnd-to-End-GEE%3ASupplement%2FSupervised_Classification%2FIdentify_Misclassified_Data){target="_blank"}]
- Importing spectral signatures [[data format](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rieQ6l8HBk1RLnDByeuz3meUX-t8yXXD/view?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4fad9b6a952d96c7226e00c473bae2e2){target="_blank"}]
- Link to ground truth data for classification
    - LUCAS (EU-only) [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/JRC_LUCAS_HARMO_THLOC_V1){target="_blank"}]
    - LandCoverNet [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/lcnet/){target="_blank"}] [[example workflow](https://code.earthengine.google.com/c866a4669dd78e595ae4d03c3cd2753c){target="_blank"}]
- Meta's new Segment Anything Model (SAM)
    - SAM Use cases for EO data [[twitter thread](https://twitter.com/SeanGorman/status/1643688202803507200){target="_blank"}]
    - Segment drone image and extract polygons using SAM [[segment-anything-eo](https://github.com/aliaksandr960/segment-anything-eo){target="_blank"}] [[demo of farm boundary segmentation](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1P24BlEq7G52VFIVXhGLOIQCh6mi16zBh?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Object-based classification - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_objects){target="_blank"}]
- Object-oriented classification approach [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/62f0c05e79c289e4d874606a506490c2){target="_blank"}]
- Preparing training data [[Vertex AI](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/tabular-data/classification-regression/prepare-data){target="_blank"}]
- samgeo [[farm boundary extraction](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/samgeo_farm_boundary_extraction.ipynb){target="_blank"}] [[Tutorials](https://samgeo.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Segment Geospatial [[GitHub](https://github.com/opengeos/segment-geospatial){target="_blank"}]
- Segmentation in GEE - [[clustering](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/clustering?hl=en){target="_blank"}] [[object based](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_objects){target="_blank"}]
- Stratified Sampling of GCPs [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7372aad8b20943a8b716b64f941b36e7){target="_blank"}]
- Tensorflow Neural Net Classification [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/ee-python/tf_classification_local.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- TensorFlow Tutorials [[Example Workflows](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/tf_examples){target="_blank"}] [[TensorFlow and Cloud AI](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/tensorflow-caip){target="_blank"}]
- Tutorials on vertexAI [[User Guide Article](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/tutorials){target="_blank"}]
- Unsupervised classification method for crop identification [[Paper](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034425718305790){target="_blank"}]
- Use LandCoverNet Data for supervised classification [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/48e4c1daf59e4b4743ce5645316dc14c){target="_blank"}]
- Use migrated training samples for multi-year classification [[Supplement script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5710e7d46940d213e06e09f04ae10b2d){target="_blank"}]
- Using dynamic world data for classification [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-dynamic-world.html#supervised-classification-with-dynamic-world-bands){target="_blank"}] [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/11/22/dw-mapathon-nairobi/){target="_blank"}]
- Using existing landcover data for classification [[GEE docs for Supervised Classification](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/classification#accuracy-assessment){target="_blank"}]
- Using GLCM Texture bands for classification [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8154846aedcf1426ea05d3409f47061b){target="_blank"}]
- Visualizing Random Forest Trees [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/courses/blob/master/code/end_to_end_gee/supplement_rf_visualization.ipynb){target="_blank"}]

### Water, SAR and Hazards

- Automated Coastline Extraction from Satellite Images [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/01/18/automated-coastline-extraction-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Automated otsu thresholding [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/otsus-method-for-image-segmentation-f5c48f405e){target="_blank"}] [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement.html#otsu-dynamic-thresholding){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting Algae Blooms
    - Detecting Chlorophyll using Remote Sensing. Normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425711003737){target="_blank"}]
    - A harmonized image processing workflow using Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI for mapping water clarity in optically variable lake systems [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111284){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/dfacb06e487520cfae8323b4c2542f5b){target="_blank"}]
    - Chlorophyll a concentration from Ocean Colour SMI: Standard Mapped Image MODIS Terra Data [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_OCEANDATA_MODIS-Terra_L3SMI){target="_blank"}]
    - Algal Blooms using Sentinel-3 using Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/IZ-0b7oeIZw/m/dGMgzoyNAgAJ){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7627efa668f20bfda047fa1f84198749){target="_blank"}]
- Water Quality Monitoring in GEE
    - Satellite Imagery for Monitoring and Predicting Water Quality in Kutch Region [[omdena.com](https://www.omdena.com/blog/satellite-imagery-for-water-quality-monitoring){target="_blank"}]
    - Detecting Chlorophyll using Remote Sensing. Normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425711003737){target="_blank"}]
    - Algal Blooms using Sentinel-3 using Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/IZ-0b7oeIZw/m/dGMgzoyNAgAJ){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7627efa668f20bfda047fa1f84198749){target="_blank"}]
- Detect change in the area of water [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#surface-water-area-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting algal bloom using NDCI [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement#detecting-algal-blooms){target="_blank"}]
- Fire monitoring using GEE [[EEFA book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LrMoXDcXY7p_V0DcTJve3t37d6AfPeyJdu1Fxkzgb98/edit#heading=h.93mquxcx5rr1){target="_blank"}]
- Flood mapping using Sentinel-1 [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#module-5-flood-mapping){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JWq_WepA5DY&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HI0YeA5zQHxdNlmxihvBawF&index=69){target="_blank"}]
- Otsu dynamic thresholding [[Supplement Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e23a5c396b7475341d44358d4e28488d){target="_blank"}]
- Anomalies Analysis of Soil Moisture and Precipitation Over a River Basin [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/anomalies-analysis-smo-and-pre){target="_blank"}]
- Areas affected by landslide converted to vector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9aa30a2cdec430239516cc74464aba4a){target="_blank"}]
- Automatic Water Detection from Multidimensional Hierarchical Clustering [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/9e06586b6a5104f3e8242996db5b979d){target="_blank"}]
- Change in water class (different approaches) [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7151e0e6818f61e050f7898da1392d13){target="_blank"}]
- Convert landslide affected regions to polygons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/77fc2f3f14f5879d7f9d0eb5129d925c){target="_blank"}]
- Damaged Building Detection from Sentinel-1 imagery
    - Pixel-wise T-Test [[Video](https://youtu.be/Yy9cJ9IpzpU?si=5u5Q-6sSqvVclO3w&t=2067){target="_blank"}] [[oballinger.github.io](https://oballinger.github.io/PWTT/){target="_blank"}]
- Dehradun NDWI Thresholding [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/fb6778700d3c3c80d79f6cf10eabbeb9){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting algal bloom with NDCI [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement.html#detecting-algal-blooms){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMjjI62volU){target="_blank"}]
- Drought Monitoring in GEE [[course module](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#module-6-drought-monitoring){target="_blank"}]
- ET computation model [[GitHub](https://github.com/Open-ET/openet-ssebop){target="_blank"}]
- Flood Mapping : [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLppGmFLhQ1HJzzKVS_4v8nBiXLYxAu100){target="_blank"}]
- Get burned area polygons [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4745b5e29d48d323f2ea0e75a0c70041){target="_blank"}]
- Global Surface Water - Expert system classification [[Google Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/180l-jwVWBB-KgDOLlW932HuHHrXBm1AK/view?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}]
- Ground Water Monitoring with GRACE [[EEFA Book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/12cwzbNXtBQnm5switfL1vlv1stnp5D5gXcQeZMP_iJI/edit#heading=h.n1d0c9z3rlin){target="_blank"}]
- [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3d4819d34fca1bdef291a6dfe4932530){target="_blank"}], Extract water bodies from NDWI
- Hydrological Analysis in GEE
    - Why it is difficult in GEE [[stackexchange post](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/279793/calculating-flow-accumulation-using-google-earth-engine){target="_blank"}]
    - Hydrological Outputs available in GEE for Analysis [[MERIT Hydro](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MERIT_Hydro_v1_0_1){target="_blank"}][[Global 30m HAND model](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/hand/){target="_blank"}]
- Improvement and bias correction for CHIRPS with rain gauge data [[iopscience.iop.org](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/893/1/012057/pdf){target="_blank"}]
- Morphological operations in surface water mapping [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#convert-raster-to-vector){target="_blank"}]
- Normalized Burn Ratio - [[un-spider.org](https://un-spider.org/advisory-support/recommended-practices/recommended-practice-burn-severity/in-detail/normalized-burn-ratio){target="_blank"}]
- Otsu dynamic thresholding [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5297c349b14282225a12b43aef08c209){target="_blank"}]
- SAR Flood Mapping [[Guided Project](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#project-2-flood-mapping){target="_blank"}]
- SAR pre-processing [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0a25cf59c690a20aae4047143f410e95){target="_blank"}]
- SAR Water Detection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/750fa674fd722c0d985fe9783f65c33b){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel-1 ARD pre-processing [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement.html#sentinel-1-ard-pre-processing){target="_blank"}]
- Ship detection using Sentinel-1 SAR data [[script1](https://code.earthengine.google.com/14656b2ea0c870296b63beaced6beb9e){target="_blank"}][[script2](https://code.earthengine.google.com/296895544751f799027eb75303c8d07f){target="_blank"}]
- Simple Water Balance model using MODIS ET and precipitation [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d98ea5b309dbce3e6e0b21d59686bb7a){target="_blank"}]
- Stream and Catchment Delineation [[courses.gisopencourseware.org](https://courses.gisopencourseware.org/mod/book/view.php?id=1124&chapterid=2791){target="_blank"}]
- Surface water mapping [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gmnCOE6USpfjF-rqr3QItoeC7BkIyFpmoLAQrAiU__E/edit?usp=sharing){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6471ffc228a3c7a75a84e1757b16f4d2){target="_blank"}]
- Unsupervised classification
    - Water detection using unsupervised method [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/04256c7981bcb2216b7991041e662073){target="_blank"}]
    - Post-processing using unsupervised method [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#post-processing-classification-results){target="_blank"}]
- Using Sentinel-1 data for water detection [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement.html#sar-water-detection){target="_blank"}]
- Water Balance GEE code [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/71cb37ad67914f65f7840da71593b4a0){target="_blank"}]
- Water Detection
    - Using SAR [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/efb6d85b7eaf4c5a429297dac83e5e81){target="_blank"}]

### Apps and User Interface

- Interesting GEE Apps [[earthengine.app](https://www.earthengine.app/){target="_blank"}]
- GEE apps source code availability [[appshot](https://github.com/samapriya/ee-appshot){target="_blank"}]
- Building Apps using EE - EarthEngine Webinar [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHIhlcb-97s){target="_blank"}]
- Disaster Apps
    - Hurricane Irma Mangrove Damage [[App](https://davidlagomasino.users.earthengine.app/view/hurricaneirmamangroves){target="_blank"}]
    - [[Gaza Bombing Discovery App](https://jamonvdh.users.earthengine.app/view/gaza-bomb-damage-discovery-map){target="_blank"}] / [[Analysis App](https://jamonvdh.users.earthengine.app/view/gaza-bomb-damage-analysis){target="_blank"}]
    - EU Flooding Damage [[App](https://gena.users.earthengine.app/view/flood-eu#lon=8.297161232474883;lat=48.43220225490833;zoom=7){target="_blank"}];
    - Model Bomb detection app [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4b978162b3b6752842976289a7288f31){target="_blank"}]
- Drawing tools for interactive earthengine apps
    - Getting Started with Drawing Tools [[GEE Community Help](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/drawing-tools){target="_blank"}]
    - Interactive Region Reduction App [[GEE Community Help](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/drawing-tools-region-reduction){target="_blank"}]
- Panels and layouts [[GEE apps Documentation](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/ui_panels){target="_blank"}]
- Python library streamlit for apps [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#streamlit-basics){target="_blank"}]
- View source code of public apps [[GitHub](https://github.com/samapriya/ee-appshot/tree/main){target="_blank"}]
- A function to apply limits panning and zooming on the map [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/map-setlocked){target="_blank"}]
- Adding month selector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/9551adf6cddc01b29dd004647995989f){target="_blank"}]
- Dropdown with names in the the featureCollection properties [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/fd14033ac36a38dd059d28a11eda5a2b){target="_blank"}]
- Example of multiple layers app [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2c24e9be017382ca68c58837246c4465){target="_blank"}]
- getDownloadUrl to dynamically download data in Apps [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e135c48152d2c1546739544fad3005a4){target="_blank"}]
- Global Cropland Monitoring Tool [[App](https://wrd-iwmi.users.earthengine.app/view/global-cropland-monitoring-tool){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical Drill-down [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/34adaa3c776cf14ebe7f9542c3e360cb){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2765d263dc82995339d2e178d58ec584){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical drop down apps
    - Using Geoboundaries [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/e0144a4b9dbc4333ddb68ab7f825ae8f){target="_blank"}]
    - Using GAUL admin boundaries [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ae0ff18c1481bb2c3e3379ae1e2c8bd9){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical dropdown menu using UI Widgets [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/52e09725220947e224cfc9b75ff8f593){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical Selection [[GAUL](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d326a21b0d6d7d466e71c8afa00827af){target="_blank"}][[GeoBoundaries](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/84018c080d50cd95692dd0123a702a24){target="_blank"}]
- Highlight polygon by clicking it [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/78655e185d49852f3a00831ebdc60d2f){target="_blank"}]
- Night lights explorer [[Earth engine application](https://ujavalgandhi.users.earthengine.app/view/night-lights-explorer){target="_blank"}]
- Nighttime Lightes Explorer App without Button [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/8d57524e3624bf793d456a44c80dfed7){target="_blank"}]
- Streamlit [[nighttime lights explorer](https://nighttime-lights-explorer.streamlit.app/){target="_blank"}] [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#streamlit-basics){target="_blank"}]
- User Interface Basics and Apps [[EEFA Book Chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/19vtaCajGFN4--z95xWdtbUboOcCyqRabx2QabW2ADX4/edit#heading=h.xf18mkhiye){target="_blank"}]
- Using script modules for apps [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d3856fe5c2dd782c2380eb072674806c){target="_blank"}]

### Applications and Research

- Mapping landcover in India's Open Natural Ecosystems [[gitHUB project](https://github.com/openlandcover/one7types){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Building Density with Open Building Datasets [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/09/16/building-density-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- NCF study on LPG distribution near Forest settlement : [[outreach](https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/success-stories/nature-conservation-foundation/){target="_blank"}]
- Urban growth material
    - Spatio-temporal modelling paper [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/109){target="_blank"}]
    - Urban growth repository [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?accept_repo=users/ujavalgandhi/urban-growth){target="_blank"}]
- An Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends and Variability in the Uttarakhand Himalaya Using Google Earth Engine [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/709/htm){target="_blank"}]
- Conflict Ecology lab [[conflict-ecology.org](https://www.conflict-ecology.org/about){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping global travel time using Global Friction Surface dataset [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/mapping-global-travel-time-to-urban-resources-448c1d7919d2){target="_blank"}]
- Santhosh Urban Growth Prediction Project ([[GEE repository](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?accept_repo=users/ujavalgandhi/urban-growth){target="_blank"}] - click to add to Readers folder). [[Reference paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/109){target="_blank"}]
- Calculation for 3D area and volumes [[onlinelibrary.wiley.com](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tgis.12636){target="_blank"}]
- Calculation of Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient (Kc)
    - SEBALIGEE: 30m Landsat-based ET retrieval [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364815220309026){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/mariomhawej/SEBALI-SEBALIGEE){target="_blank"}]
    - Example for India [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/c508a01f60d6806e49c245d2a83d84dd){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud Score+ in Action: Land Cover Mapping in Ecuador [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/cloud-score-in-action-land-cover-mapping-in-ecuador-fd1c5c424317){target="_blank"}]
- Coastal Change Examples
    - Coastal Land Reclamation in GEE [[paper with code](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2621/htm){target="_blank"}]
    - Automated Coastline Extraction [[GEE Python code](https://github.com/kvos/CoastSat){target="_blank"}]
    - Mapping 30-years of change in Australian Coastline [[paper with code](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425721004545){target="_blank"}]
- Determining Impact of Change
    - Application: An exploratory analysis of urbanization effects on climatic variables [[Paper](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40808-021-01157-w){target="_blank"}]
    - Application: Relationship between Burned Area and Precipitation [[book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pXqDjNDOyDgdCO8OmU3gdMlGeTzE5WdAnAaWZaxVkpE/edit#heading=h.eo1vt53na932){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/92035d97a76c1fddb9881b55337eac5c){target="_blank"}]
- DINOv3 helping in forest and farm restoration [[ai.meta.com](https://ai.meta.com/blog/world-resources-institute-dinov3/){target="_blank"}]
- Downscaling soil moisture data [[Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20964471.2023.2257905){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/51cd006c493f11a7f89fb2578b9eb101){target="_blank"}]
- Forest Data & Applications - GEDI & Obiwan [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQwVDnOsqhQ){target="_blank"}]
- GEE application in Agricultural Environments [[eefa book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MIPIFMJakC6eNGOhlkXLcwjUKFyY6QJLHElzBCOfyn4/edit#heading=h.mm0ckpr9chy2){target="_blank"}]
- Google AI Models for flood forecasting [[Google Research](https://sites.research.google/gr/floodforecasting/){target="_blank"}]
- Land-Surface Temperature (LST)
    - Why LST should not be used to measure Heat Stress [[Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1747423X.2021.2015003){target="_blank"}]
    - Relationship between LST and Heat Stress [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590332223002506){target="_blank"}]
    - Landsat LST [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#derive-lst-from-landsat-images){target="_blank"}]
    - MODIS Night LST [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/fca5d6129e7478bcdd456e9e1fc315d1){target="_blank"}] (Nighttime LST has better correlation to nighttime Air Temperature)
    - Drought Monitoring with Remote Sensing [[full module with videos](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#module-6-drought-monitoring){target="_blank"}]
    - VCI (Vegetation Condition Index) [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#calculate-vci){target="_blank"}]
    - TCI (Temperature Condition Index) [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/eaff1269a0e59f88c9e6a395e2f5fad0){target="_blank"}]
- Mangrove Mapping
    - Mangrove Mapping Methodology [[GitHub](https://github.com/Blue-Ventures-Conservation/GEEMMM){target="_blank"}]
    - Mangrove Mapping using Google Earth Engine [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/13/2565/htm){target="_blank"}]
- Map Complex Shade-Grown Coffee Landscapes using GEE [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/952){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping jhum (shifting) cultivation [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/6/1066){target="_blank"}]
- Nighttime lights limitations with LED lights [[Twitter thread](https://twitter.com/yohaniddawela/status/1727595227987206428){target="_blank"}]
- Resources on habitat modelling
    - Species Distribution Modeling in GEE [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1574954123001760){target="_blank"}]
    - Species Distribution Modeling using Random Forest [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/species-distribution-modeling){target="_blank"}]
- River Morphology in Earth Engine
    - Paper: Avulsion flow-path selection on rivers in foreland basins. [[pubs.geoscienceworld.org](https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/44/9/695/195196/Avulsion-flow-path-selection-on-rivers-in-foreland){target="_blank"}]
    - [[Code](https://code.earthengine.google.com/307209b31904a376ee167665e5c52cc7){target="_blank"}] and [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/YfHqETjufW4/m/ASOv_-UrCAAJ){target="_blank"}]
    - Python-based software called PyRIS- esp for channel morphodynamics over time
    - Automated extraction of meandering river morphodynamics from multitemporal remotely sensed data [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364815217309118?via%3Dihub){target="_blank"}]
- Segmented World, Dynamic Emissions [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qapfXYkKEoXXsQDjvX1P412bzvpz3RdmIchEIpjXc8o/edit#slide=id.g28635ffa05b_0_19){target="_blank"}]
- Soil Erosion model (RUSLE) implementation using GEE
    - Concept: Learn about RUSLE and Soil Erosion [[Blog](https://medium.com/soilwatch/soil-erosion-watch-a-bootstrapped-approach-to-identify-the-worlds-degrading-soils-21016f72f68d){target="_blank"}]
    - Soil Erosion App with Code [[app](https://soilwatch.users.earthengine.app/view/soilerosionwatch){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/SoilWatch/soil-erosion-watch){target="_blank"}]
    - Other GEE Implementations
    - RUSLE_GEE (Python) [[GitHub](https://github.com/wieka29/RUSLE_GEE){target="_blank"}]
    - Modified_RUSLE_model (Javascript) [[GitHub](https://github.com/VasilisAle/Modified_RUSLE_model){target="_blank"}]
- Spectranomics for Remote Sensing [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235198941630083X){target="_blank"}]
- Surface temperature and heat island in GEE
    - Use MODIS based UHI data in EE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/tags/uhi){target="_blank"}]
    - Landsat 8 LST code with example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/732ab4c55921f0c9f7fd211af851c775){target="_blank"}]
    - WRI Twitter Post about LST and UHI [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/WRIIndia/status/1313807430795419648){target="_blank"}]
- Tracking economic activity using nighttime lights [[Paper1](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X14002551){target="_blank"}][[Paper2](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352728521000099){target="_blank"}]
- Urban expansion : [[Repository](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?accept_repo=users/ujavalgandhi/urban-growth){target="_blank"}] [[Reference Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/109){target="_blank"}]
- Using Buildings Data in GEE
    - Urban Growth with Building Counts [[code example](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-dw-monitoring.html#urban-growth-with-building-counts){target="_blank"}]
    - Mapping Building Density with Open Building Datasets [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/09/16/building-density-gee/){target="_blank"}]

### Learning Resources and Tools

- Spatial Thoughts python tutorials [[gitHub repo](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials){target="_blank"}]
- Book Recommendations
    - Lillisend/Kiefer. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation [[Book](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation%2C+7th+Edition-p-9781118343289){target="_blank"}]
    - Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow [[Book](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hands-on-machine-learning/9781492032632/){target="_blank"}]
- Regular Expressions [[Cheatsheet](https://medium.com/factory-mind/regex-tutorial-a-simple-cheatsheet-by-examples-649dc1c3f285){target="_blank"}]
- Book – Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation [[Book](https://www.wiley.com/en-in/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation,+7th+Edition-p-9781118343289){target="_blank"}]
- Reference book on Deep Learning [[Book](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hands-on-machine-learning/9781492032632/){target="_blank"}]
- Scalable Remote Sensing Workflows with Xarray [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing.html#){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud based Remote Sensing using Python [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-remote-sensing#){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud-Optisized GeoTiff [[Generation COG using GDAL](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#writing-cloud-optimized-geotiff-cog){target="_blank"}] [[A free App to create COG](https://mykolakozyr-cogcreator-appapp-q58sb4.streamlit.app/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Maps with GEE and PYQGIS [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/04/ndvi-time-series-gee-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Drone mapping software [[opendronemap.org](https://opendronemap.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Jaltol Digital Tool - [[GitHub](https://github.com/atreebangalore/jaltol){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS Learning Paths [[Spatial Thoughts](https://spatialthoughts.com/learning-paths/){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Thoughts Guided Projects [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#guided-projects){target="_blank"}]
- Using GEE with R [[rgee](https://github.com/r-spatial/rgee){target="_blank"}]
- 3rd-Party GEE Chrome Extensions
    - Open Earth Engine Extension [[chromewebstore.google.com](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/open-earth-engine-extensi/dhkobehdekjgdahfldleahkekjffibhg?pli=1){target="_blank"}]
    - Google Earth Engine Autosave [[chromewebstore.google.com](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/google-earth-engine-autos/clmadhnfadeiakdnohhnabdnabikpcja){target="_blank"}]
- Adding XYZ Tiles Basemaps in QGIS [[mapscaping.com](https://mapscaping.com/adding-basemaps-in-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Amir hossein channel [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/@amirhosseinahrarigee){target="_blank"}]
- ArcGIS plugin for GEE [[Announcement](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1AvpaOybVXxWeUZTCLgIJakOqTsLkJ6YcBt96TokK_Ak/edit#slide=id.g2f5a4f84043_0_5){target="_blank"}]
- Book Recommendations
    - Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow [[Book](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hands-on-machine-learning/9781492032632/){target="_blank"}]
- Cartography tools and learning resources
    - ESRI mapping tutorials [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/c/JohnNelsonMaps){target="_blank"}]
    - Evan Applegate's maps [[evanapplegate.com](https://evanapplegate.com/){target="_blank"}]
    - You Should Make Maps [[youshouldmakemaps.com](https://youshouldmakemaps.com/){target="_blank"}]
    - Steve Kim [[geographyclub.github.io](https://geographyclub.github.io/){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/geographyclub){target="_blank"}]
- Cloud native geospatial conference [[videos](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hprPIr9Vt4M&list=PLQsQNjNIDU87yUFyKy1seaiRps389RPwk){target="_blank"}]
- Create a Sentinel-2 Composite on Planetary Computer [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/pc_sentinel2_composite.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Create point layer from a table in QGIS [[Video](https://youtu.be/oR_oUzSbZEc?si=9_xmhjvFMxnhkuTr&t=23){target="_blank"}]
- Dark mode in Code Editor [[Open Earth Engine Chrome Extension](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/open-earth-engine-extensi/dhkobehdekjgdahfldleahkekjffibhg?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Download drive to sync files with local folder [[Download Drive](https://www.google.com/intl/en_in/drive/download/){target="_blank"}]
- EEFA book author-led videos [[videos](https://www.eefabook.org/videos.html){target="_blank"}]
- Execute Python code directly from the code editor
    - Install and configure the OEEL Chrome Extension [[OEELex](https://www.open-geocomputing.org/OEEex/){target="_blank"}]
    - Refresh Code Editor and Run Python Code in Code Editor [[open-geocomputing.org](https://www.open-geocomputing.org/OEEex/#Python){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/92e19ef7042c863bd3f31bfeb6e16aea){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Developers Forum [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers){target="_blank"}]
- GEE with arcGIS [[geemap.org](https://geemap.org/notebooks/131_arcgis/){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kWdL06Bc2VQ){target="_blank"}]
- geemap [[courses](https://courses.geemap.org/){target="_blank"}] [[Book](https://locatepress.com/book/gee){target="_blank"}]
- Geo for Good - 2025 insights [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2025/09/21/geo-for-good-2025/){target="_blank"}]
- Geography talk for kids. [[Video](https://youtu.be/wxd0LPVBdZU){target="_blank"}]
- Get the coordinate system worldwide [[epsg.io](https://epsg.io/){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to COG [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Wbx3ru3lQM5h_vw53OpPx5192IX3cwwXkyszfT2ZeO8/edit#slide=id.g2ba69c1b9d8_0_54){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Javascript Guide [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_01){target="_blank"}]
- Jaltol (QGIS + GEE) [[Plugin](https://github.com/atreebangalore/jaltol/){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping News Articles about Human Elephant Conflict [[Notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/spatialthoughts/python-tutorials/blob/main/openai_mapping_news_articles.ipynb){target="_blank"}]
- Multi band to single band
    - `gdal_translate -b 1 composite.tif band1.tif`
    - `gdal_translate -b 2 composite.tif band2.tif`
    - ....
    - Also apply compression and no_data as required. *Learn more* [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#compressing-output){target="_blank"}]
- NASA Space Apps Challenge [[spaceappschallenge.org](https://www.spaceappschallenge.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Open Earth Engine Library [[open-geocomputing.org](https://www.open-geocomputing.org/OpenEarthEngineLibrary/){target="_blank"}]
- Open source platforms for drone data processing [[openaerialmap.org](https://openaerialmap.org/){target="_blank"}] [[ZMI](https://smathermather.com/2017/06/12/zmi-zanzibar-mapping-initiative-level-1/){target="_blank"}]
- Python Function Arguments [[*args and **kwargs](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/args-kwargs-python/){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel-Hub [[sentinel-hub.com](https://www.sentinel-hub.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Upcoming GEE Events
    - NASA ARSET training session [[appliedsciences.nasa.gov](https://appliedsciences.nasa.gov/join-mission/training/english/arset-using-google-earth-engine-land-monitoring-applications){target="_blank"}]
    - NASA EO Hackathon [[eodashboardhackathon.org](https://www.eodashboardhackathon.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Using GDAL to get GeoTiff from WMS layers [[GDAL course](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#processing-wms-layers){target="_blank"}]
- Using raster calculator for advance raster analysis [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/advanced_raster_analysis.html){target="_blank"}]
- Video explaining APIs [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBip-hbQYnM&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HJspXSA0asH9kw1OhlLrxHT&index=18){target="_blank"}]
- Whitebox tools [[Useful Plugins](https://youtu.be/fQQoPpNiVxk?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]

### Datasets

- Database for remote sensing indices [[Index Database](https://www.indexdatabase.de/){target="_blank"}]
- GEE community-catalog [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Downloading OpenStreetMap data as shapefiles [[geofabrik](https://download.geofabrik.de/){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Community datasets - [[catalog](https://samapriya.github.io/awesome-gee-community-datasets/){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Dynamic World [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/introduction-to-dynamic-world-pt-1){target="_blank"}]
- Administrative boundaries data [[geoBoundaries](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/geoboundary/){target="_blank"}]
- Global Surface Water dataset [[datasets](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#module-2-surface-water-mapping){target="_blank"}]
- Planet's NICFI program [[planet.com](https://www.planet.com/nicfi/){target="_blank"}]
- Download admin boundaries [[Natural Earth](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/){target="_blank"}]
- Global 30m LandCover dataset [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/06/29/global-landcover-glcfcs30d/){target="_blank"}] [[app](https://spatialthoughts.projects.earthengine.app/view/global-landcover-change-explorer){target="_blank"}]
- LSIB Boundary data [[GEE Catalog](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/USDOS_LSIB_SIMPLE_2017){target="_blank"}]
- Planet datasets [[Introducing Planetary Variables](https://www.planet.com/pulse/introducing-planetary-variables-soil-water-content-land-surface-temperature-and-vegetation-biomass/){target="_blank"}]
- Soil datasets [[Global Soil Grids](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/isric/){target="_blank"}] [[Global Soil Salinity Maps](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/global_salinity/){target="_blank"}]
- A global data of urban extents [[Urban Extents from 1870 to 2100](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/gue/){target="_blank"}] [[World Settlement Footprint & Evolution](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/wsf/){target="_blank"}]
- Carbon Mapper Data [[AVIRIS NG](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/cmapper/){target="_blank"}]
- Comparing Dynamic World and World over datasets [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5b5554c21d41cf83e3ca8764ac9185b8){target="_blank"}]
- Corporation boundaries for India [[data](https://github.com/datameet/Municipal_Spatial_Data/tree/master){target="_blank"}]
- Dataset from GitHub [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers?tab=repositories){target="_blank"}]
- Extract non-crop pixels using MODIS classification data [[Script using GFSAD data](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management.html#classify-vci-image){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Building Heights from Open Buildings 2.5D Temporal Dataset [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2025/03/29/building_height_gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Free access to Planet high-resolution data for Education and Research [[Application link](https://www.planet.com/markets/education-and-research/){target="_blank"}]
- Global Administrative Areas, is a high-resolution database [[gadm.org](https://gadm.org/data.html){target="_blank"}]
- Global classification dataset [[ESA world cover](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ESA_WorldCover_v200){target="_blank"}]
- Global dataset at 1:10m, 1:50m, and 1:110 million scales - Natural earth data [[naturalearthdata.com](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/){target="_blank"}]
- Global Friction Surface : [[dataset](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/Oxford_MAP_friction_surface_2019){target="_blank"}] [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/mapping-global-travel-time-to-urban-resources-448c1d7919d2){target="_blank"}]
- Global landcover datasets
    - Modis [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MODIS_061_MCD12Q1){target="_blank"}]
    - Copernicus [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_Landcover_100m_Proba-V-C3_Global){target="_blank"}]
- Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data [[GEE catalog](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_GPM_L3_IMERG_V07#description){target="_blank"}]
- Global urban extent dataset [[GEE community catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/gue/?h=urban){target="_blank"}]
- Google Earth Engine data request - [[official by gee team](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues?q=componentid:184426%2B%20status:open&pli=1){target="_blank"}] [[community](https://github.com/samapriya/awesome-gee-community-datasets){target="_blank"}]
- High resolution dataset for reference [[SKYSAT](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c851ac27083c04fd0cd6e2df8a528627){target="_blank"}] [[MAXAR](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/maxar_opendata/){target="_blank"}]
- High resolution drone imagery in GEE [[Open Aerial Map](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/oam/){target="_blank"}]
- HiHydroSoil data [[GEE catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/hihydro_soil/?h=hi){target="_blank"}]
- Humidity datasets
    - High-spatial-resolution Thermal-stress Indices over South and East Asia (HiTiSAE) [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/hitisae/){target="_blank"}]
    - GFS [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NOAA_GFS0P25){target="_blank"}]
    - GRIDMET [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/IDAHO_EPSCOR_GRIDMET){target="_blank"}]
- IMD data processing and conversion to GeoTiff [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/tree/master/imd){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Dynamic World [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/introduction-to-dynamic-world-pt-3#change_detection_using_probability_bands){target="_blank"}]
- Landcover Datasets in GEE
    - European Landcover ELC 10m [[samapriya.github.io](https://samapriya.github.io/awesome-gee-community-datasets/projects/elc/){target="_blank"}]
    - Iran Landcover 10m [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/KNTU_LiDARLab_IranLandCover_V1){target="_blank"}]
    - Continental US USGS NLCD 30m [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/USGS_NLCD_RELEASES_2016_REL){target="_blank"}]
    - WRI/Google Global 10m Dynamic World Landcover, Expected 2021 [[earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com](https://earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com/events/geoforgood20/watch?talk=talk-14){target="_blank"}]
- Negative Values in VIIRS NightLights [[reference](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/7/4/4937/htm){target="_blank"}]
- Open Landcover Datasets
    - ESRI Annual Landcover (2017-2023) [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/S2TSLULC/){target="_blank"}]
    - GLC-FCS Landcover (1985-2022) [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/06/29/global-landcover-glcfcs30d/){target="_blank"}]
- Openly available drone images [[Open Aerial Map](https://map.openaerialmap.org/#/-18.6328125,18.562947442888312,3?_k=lkf5vu){target="_blank"}]
- Other High Resolution imagery in GEE
    - NAIP [US-only] [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/USDA_NAIP_DOQQ){target="_blank"}]
    - [[SkySat](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/SKYSAT_GEN-A_PUBLIC_ORTHO_RGB){target="_blank"}], [[Umbra](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/umbra_opendata/){target="_blank"}] and [[Maxar](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/maxar_opendata/){target="_blank"}] Open Data [Limited coverage]
- Overview of Precipitation Datasets in GEE [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t73sL6DPiiY&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HI0YeA5zQHxdNlmxihvBawF&index=42){target="_blank"}]
- Planet - GEE Delivery Integration [[overview](https://developers.planet.com/docs/integrations/gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Planet GEE Setup Guide [[developers.planet.com](https://developers.planet.com/docs/integrations/gee/quickstart/){target="_blank"}]
- Population Datasets [[Presentation slide](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ybJvCXRFfB2yQfPS9VE_pjTRDjQbX_PRcutpo16ksYI/edit#slide=id.g21b825cdd8c_0_3){target="_blank"}]
- Some high resolution open source data on MAXAR [[Community Catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/maxar_opendata/){target="_blank"}]
- SPOT Data
    - Spot1-5 Open Data (2.5m resolution) [[data download](https://regards.cnes.fr/user/swh/modules/60){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ff2f56fef5c6d4dd71ef0f3fe8dc42e1){target="_blank"}]
    - Spot6 [[Research Access](https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/catalog/spot-6-to-7-full-archive-and-tasking){target="_blank"}]
- Synthinel imagery [[dataset](https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/synthinel-1){target="_blank"}]
- UTCI data [[community catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/globutci/){target="_blank"}]
- Watershed data [[hydroSHEDS](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/WWF_HydroSHEDS_v1_Basins_hybas_9){target="_blank"}]
- WorldCover vs. Dynamic World App [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/13ab31b8a1508d921597312c7f449698){target="_blank"}]

## Google Earth Engine for Water Resources Management

Course material: [Google Earth Engine for Water Resources Management](gee-water-resources-management.html){target="_blank"}

### Earth Engine Fundamentals

- Functional programming concepts [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_03){target="_blank"}]
- GEE debugging guide [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/debugging){target="_blank"}]
- Understanding *Scale* in working of GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/scale){target="_blank"}]
- Coding Best Practices [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/best_practices){target="_blank"}]
- Script modules : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground?hl=en#script-modules){target="_blank"}]
- Script Modules [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/playground#script_modules){target="_blank"}]
- Add multiple iteration to map : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/130fb955953cd4d39e33d2949686e29c){target="_blank"}]
- Automating Imports to GEE [[Command Line Tool](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/command_line){target="_blank"}]
- calenderRange filter [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-filter-calendarrange){target="_blank"}]
- Combined reducer example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0fc08760ec8859443b9ef6e653b85331){target="_blank"}]
- Filtering multiple admin region [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4963d3cc6b44bf128fdd275de3cb0e20){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Non-Commercial Use [[earthengine.google.com](https://earthengine.google.com/noncommercial/#certain-government-agencies){target="_blank"}]
- Getting lat lon for point coordinate - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ab279fa73b1442e8a7b79996799c2c6c){target="_blank"}]
- JavaScript strange result when using () brackets for a list. [[explanation](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39620636/javascript-strings-in-round-brackets){target="_blank"}]
- Load Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs on GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_overview#images-from-cloud-geotiffs){target="_blank"}]
- Manage your repositories with GIT : [[Google group](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/JpSvo2Zd560/m/KeddnUd3AAAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Managing Assets : [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2022/02/24/gee-asset-management/){target="_blank"}]
- Round to two decimals : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/16a040d15f26354adbb63da351c02058){target="_blank"}]
- Select multiple Basins using*ee.Filter.inList()* : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f743abd3db2c5a372fec6700639bbbb7){target="_blank"}]
- Sort collection based on cloud cover [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e63bb69099f7a86f7f77c396551b5bb9){target="_blank"}]
- Timezone in GEE [[script1](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b6e4c67b71a3e7e7f71e6745c47cfde4){target="_blank"}][[script2](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f5df63714a32e58882fe0867a434f350){target="_blank"}]

### Image Processing and Composites

- Working with QA Bands and Bitmasks in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/08/19/qa-bands-bitmasks-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Histogram Matching in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/07/14/histogram-matching-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Create a percentile composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/38ad87a8431702fc3728052d5dab1148){target="_blank"}]
- Different resampling methods in GEE [[Resampling and Reducing Resolution](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/resample?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Composite Images
    - Why composites are useful [[reference paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2411){target="_blank"}]
    - How to visualize the count of images at each pixel [[EEFA Book Chapter 4.1](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.qj80mxmyzsmw){target="_blank"}]
    - How to visualize the date of each pixel in a composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/00a2df44f7f1a2f121ba4f8c0e4f7cf5){target="_blank"}]
- Multi-criteria Overlay analysis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1c517d6d901349dfbde9c95610ca27f5){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Landsat Collection 2 [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#working-with-landsat-collection-2){target="_blank"}]
- Applications of Kernels and Convolutions
    - Central Pivot Irrigation Detector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/82b32da71fcedfc8764dfcea6af28b17){target="_blank"}]
    - Finding Circles, Revisited : [[gorelick.medium.com](https://gorelick.medium.com/finding-circles-revisited-595b9ee3ae5a){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating NDVI, NDWI and EVI Indices using Landsat 8 [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c77a8a672ca9b6b6c779d635d8089657){target="_blank"}]
- Create masks suitable to be used as land or ocean mask [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4b9c6c4e3cccfdc8c7a7111c0f2024c5){target="_blank"}]
- Edge masking L5 : [[GIS StackExchange](https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/304935/faulty-landsat-5-and-7-ndvi-evi-archives-in-google-earth-engine){target="_blank"}]
- EVI Calculation [[formula](https://www.indexdatabase.de/db/si-single.php?sensor_id=96&rsindex_id=16){target="_blank"}][[script for Landsat](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d02e9a619a4bd12ea445f76a0e339d5a){target="_blank"}]
- Interval composite [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#create-composites-at-regular-intervals){target="_blank"}]
- L7 Gap filling - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b7ad30adc139f16c4e8538bf98d3bb98){target="_blank"}]
- Landsat 5, 7 & 8 harmonizations - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/61bfc7b6bb999eeb98bbda2a3201527c){target="_blank"}] [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715302455){target="_blank"}] ref for co.eff values
- Landsat 7 Gap Mask : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/de9aa83a7defae8d9bdf62a8646d3c9a){target="_blank"}]
- Locate min/max NDVI pixels in an image [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/4cfc6bcfac304f9de96b5abcdbf61c57){target="_blank"}]
- Multicriteria Overlay [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b54f6a2d3cdbfffcef7fc1d7d3d8d562){target="_blank"}]
- Normalization of Landsat 5 7 8 : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c9194ae78e8583ad1f0286793e4f5c6e){target="_blank"}]
- Remove bad year images : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e3826ed5fa0f8cb77aa2b2cfe6b69a08){target="_blank"}]
- SAVI computation in GEE : [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/565983def3d5a0d07ae2c08d56ab6eec){target="_blank"}]
- Snow Masking function [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/bd929bf8219eb380a4a660b39994be13){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral dimension reduction Tasselled cap (TC) - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/arrays_array_images?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Spectral transformation - [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- STARFM MODIS-Landsat Fusion [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/5/425){target="_blank"}]
- Terrain Shadow Correction [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/a71b62154efc0c62b3267b28f7362f83){target="_blank"}]

### Vectors, Zonal Statistics and Exports

- Understanding Pixel Weights in Zonal Statistics [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/07/13/pixel-weights-zonal-stats/){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Area in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/06/19/calculating-area-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Interpolating point data [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/interpolating_point_data.html){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Raster Area [[Tutorial using ESA World cover](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/calculating_raster_area.html){target="_blank"}]
- Advanced vector operations [[EEFA book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JJE_O6TmiRvZbzBn45eike3Ivnm-dxz51gkmtR_A3i8/edit#heading=h.mm0ckpr9chy2){target="_blank"}]
- Bhutan Forest Area Using ESA WorldCover [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ab539097dbdb9a7e52aac045601901d9){target="_blank"}] New!
- Creating Multi-Point Geometry with Coordinates [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/fd4e26eb7a5fba9da096a3b53dabbfa9){target="_blank"}]
- Landcover Analysis for All Admin2 regions - Guided GEE Project [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#project-4-landcover-analysis){target="_blank"}]
- Reduce Resolution : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/resample?hl=en#reduce-resolution){target="_blank"}]
    - Aggregating Gridded Population Data (Advance projections) : [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/13/aggregating-population-data-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Weighted - Un-Weighted Reduction in GEE : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_weighting?hl=en){target="_blank"}] [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/05/13/aggregating-population-data-gee/){target="_blank"}]

### Visualization, Charts and Maps

- Color Brewer : [[colorbrewer2.org](https://colorbrewer2.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Creating Publication Quality Charts with GEE [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html){target="_blank"}] [[Multi-year time series](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#multi-year-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Feature and FeatureCollection Visualization [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/feature_collections_visualizing){target="_blank"}]
- GEE animations [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/ic_visualization){target="_blank"}]
- Box Plot (Whisker Plot) in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7fc94b1fefe9db0a7c7e996ac33c209f){target="_blank"}]
- Charting across years – [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/82b92dba684a4e0cc36604771e812c8d){target="_blank"}]
- Adithya's script for animating MNDWI [[corrected code](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9358ad2695a8beac58c0b6e0dc9b1036){target="_blank"}]
- Calendar chart [[Google Charts](https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/calendar){target="_blank"}]
- Chart with Trendline [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/e280691e334bb61b2c82566f9bdc6bd5){target="_blank"}]
- Charting by series by region (Bangalore vs Chennai precipitation) - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1f81e782e38ba62da9494fa968ac6dd6){target="_blank"}]
- Create Animations from ImageCollection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/356258af88dcaded4d7ba18323aed597){target="_blank"}]
- Creating choropleth maps and advanced visualisation using GEE [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu8jNJr6ZdtwifXeybHga4-C-Fmmp6RGP){target="_blank"}]
    - New Supplement Script [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FVisualization%2FVisualizing_Zonal_Statistics_Results){target="_blank"}]
- Creating discrete lasses from continuous values [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/f5b830814cedf68b5261f540bbd7c462){target="_blank"}]
- Dynamic Visualization Parameters [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a0fa236ccacfa735e578b23cf90e04c5){target="_blank"}]
- Dynamically setting min/max values for visualization [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/423b9d8f088fc582b8d2c116d94d1167){target="_blank"}]
- False-color visualization for Enhancing surface water [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/06953f7387cfc952c7a5563c503ab938){target="_blank"}]
- Legend for ESA Worldcover [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/9b621cf53e116254fbe31f805d2e6339){target="_blank"}]
- Plot 2 variables with different scale factors [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4a7bcaff234af57f77aca832d646512e){target="_blank"}]
- Vector data visualization [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/feature_collections_visualizing?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Wind Speed Animation in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/1ca21dab40447f49ccc1c6fa4b64a2d7){target="_blank"}]

### Time Series and Change Detection

- Temporal Gap-Filling with Linear Interpolation in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/11/08/temporal-interpolation-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Extracting Time Series using [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/13/extracting-time-series-ee/){target="_blank"}]
- Learning Joins in Earth Engine: Time-series processing using GEE [[Video](https://youtu.be/ncb5_zbvnaU?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Working with Gridded Rainfall Data in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/10/28/rainfall-data-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Performing linear regression in GEE [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/reducers_regression?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Fitting Harmonic Model - Time Series Modelling [[GEE Tutorial](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/time-series-modeling){target="_blank"}][[supplement script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2571354fd245ad2bf4f0b42219a51340){target="_blank"}]
- Harmonized Landsat Time Series [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#harmonized-landsat-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Reference material for LandTrender [[Interpreting Annual Time Series](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oo1TuvXyEvReoYLDeTcoh16rEN90I8Bf5qp0KxVu7U/edit#heading=h.a480u2bjy8ur){target="_blank"}] [[Introduction to CCDC Dataset](https://earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com/events/geoforgood22/watch?talk=day2-tracktwo-talk1){target="_blank"}]
- Aggregating Precipitation Time Series [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xarray_aggregating_time_series.html){target="_blank"}]
- Time-series at multiple location [[GFS data code](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#time-series-at-multiple-locations){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Standardized Precipitation Index [[Tutorial](https://www.geopythontutorials.com/notebooks/xee_calculating_spi.html){target="_blank"}]
- Change Detection using satellite image. [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#introduction-to-change-detection){target="_blank"}]
- Dynamic World time series [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/introduction-to-dynamic-world-pt-3){target="_blank"}]
- Identifying Annual First Day of No Snow Cover [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/identifying-first-day-no-snow){target="_blank"}]
- LandTrendr - [[Document](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1THow799xOMIthOSplqketZzRcdamXIF2_tLpPLuLa2Y/edit#heading=h.gjdgxs){target="_blank"}] [[Python](https://gist.github.com/jdbcode/ad396df3bbc4dac1dad3f1f3a057b462){target="_blank"}] [[JavaScript](https://code.earthengine.google.com/33d17d387be7516bc13c9725b6feb524){target="_blank"}] [[GEE App](https://emapr.github.io/LT-GEE/ui-applications.html#ui-landtrendr-change-mapper){target="_blank"}]
- Length of dry period – run with Arrays : [[Blog](https://medium.com/google-earth/runs-with-arrays-400de937510a){target="_blank"}]
- Non-Parametric Trend Analysis [[User Guide Tutorial](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/nonparametric-trends?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- Non-Parametric Trend Analysis [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/nonparametric-trends){target="_blank"}]
- Plot Sens Slope Trend [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2ed97b3bd6d098e55f102793c71fbff9){target="_blank"}]
- Rainfall trend at each taluk [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/da85c362a184756c6554bb83602ba020){target="_blank"}]
- Significance Testing for Trend Analysis : [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/nonparametric-trends?hl=en#significance_testing){target="_blank"}]
- Time Series Classification
    - Review Paper [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924271616000769?via%3Dihub){target="_blank"}]
    - Iran Classification [[Paper](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271620302008){target="_blank"}]
    - Spectral Distance GEE Code [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#spectral-distance-change){target="_blank"}]
- Time series classification techniques [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1vdFTWJ61yDuVfbfhpnumQ8zuMPGwGcHpHsBTRgo_o5I/edit#slide=id.g2318d6293fe_0_4){target="_blank"}]
- Using IMD data Calculate Total Number of Rainy Days in a Year per Pixel [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d5633ee8282ea5c2fb506ff920cb4d79){target="_blank"}]
- Using IMD ImageCollection
    - IMD Number of rainy days [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-water-resources-management-supplement#imd-number-of-rainy-days){target="_blank"}]
    - Process the IMD data to create ImageCollection [[Codes](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/tree/master/imd){target="_blank"}]

### Classification and Machine Learning

- Estimating Above Ground Biomass using RF Regression in GEE [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2024/02/07/agb-regression-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Object based classification approach [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223776){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/c5ad1926a4ca9436d489b4b043a34803){target="_blank"}]
- Segmentation of High Resolution Imagery [[samgeo](https://samgeo.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Enhancing Land Cover with Local Knowledge [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/11/22/dw-mapathon-nairobi/){target="_blank"}]
- Keep distance between points to avoid spatial autocorrelation [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/classification){target="_blank"}]
- Foundation Models and Embeddings
    - Using Foundation Models for Earth Observation [[developmentseed.org](https://developmentseed.org/blog/2024-11-01-geofm/){target="_blank"}]
    - The Technical Debt of Earth Embedding Products [[cloudnativegeo.org](https://cloudnativegeo.org/blog/2026/02/the-technical-debt-of-earth-embedding-products/){target="_blank"}]
- Automatic Hyperparameter Tuning [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FLand_Use_Land_Cover_Classification%2FHyperparameter_Tuning){target="_blank"}]
- Classification with Uploaded Table [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e2e6097fe972e9043e5222cdb2ff8714){target="_blank"}]
- Entropy classifier : [[GEE Function](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/apidocs/ee-classifier-amnhmaxent){target="_blank"}]
- Landcover classification using migrated training samples [[Paper](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924271620302008){target="_blank"}]
- Post-processing Classification Results [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#post-processing-classification-result){target="_blank"}]
- Post-processing the classification result [[Supplementary material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee-supplement.html#post-processing-classification-results){target="_blank"}]
- ROC-AUC Curve in GEE [[forum post with code](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/ol6C4wwB-I8/m/uJxDMj0DBAAJ){target="_blank"}]
- Unsupervised Classification with Satellite Embedding Dataset [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/satellite-embedding-02-unsupervised-classification){target="_blank"}]

### Water, SAR and Hazards

- Automated Coastline Extraction from Satellite Images [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/01/18/automated-coastline-extraction-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Calculate RiverWidth using Landsat [[RivWidthCloud](https://github.com/seanyx/RivWidthCloudPaper){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting Algae Blooms
    - Detecting Chlorophyll using Remote Sensing. Normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425711003737){target="_blank"}]
    - A harmonized image processing workflow using Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat-8/OLI for mapping water clarity in optically variable lake systems [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111284){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/dfacb06e487520cfae8323b4c2542f5b){target="_blank"}]
    - Chlorophyll a concentration from Ocean Colour SMI: Standard Mapped Image MODIS Terra Data [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_OCEANDATA_MODIS-Terra_L3SMI){target="_blank"}]
    - Algal Blooms using Sentinel-3 using Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/IZ-0b7oeIZw/m/dGMgzoyNAgAJ){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7627efa668f20bfda047fa1f84198749){target="_blank"}]
- River Centerline Extraction
    - Medial Axis algorithm [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/50062ae3d9557c3fb7235619d77c25eb){target="_blank"}]
    - Calculate RiverWidth using Landsat [[RivWidthCloud](https://github.com/seanyx/RivWidthCloudPaper){target="_blank"}]
- Water Quality Monitoring in GEE
    - Satellite Imagery for Monitoring and Predicting Water Quality in Kutch Region [[omdena.com](https://www.omdena.com/blog/satellite-imagery-for-water-quality-monitoring){target="_blank"}]
    - Detecting Chlorophyll using Remote Sensing. Normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) [[Paper](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425711003737){target="_blank"}]
    - Algal Blooms using Sentinel-3 using Maximum Chlorophyll Index (MCI) [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/google-earth-engine-developers/c/IZ-0b7oeIZw/m/dGMgzoyNAgAJ){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/7627efa668f20bfda047fa1f84198749){target="_blank"}]
- Detect change in the area of water [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gee-charts.html#surface-water-area-time-series){target="_blank"}]
- Automated Water Extraction Index [[Reference](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.029){target="_blank"}]
- Burnt area detection [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#spectral-index-change){target="_blank"}]
- C, S and L band SAR penetration comparison : [[earthdata.nasa.gov](https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/backgrounders/what-is-sar){target="_blank"}]
- Convolutional Neural Net (CNN) for Water Detection DeepWaterMap2 [[GitHub](https://github.com/isikdogan/deepwatermap){target="_blank"}]
- Date of first appearance of a Pond [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FSurface_Water%2FDetect_First_Year_of_Water){target="_blank"}]
- Detecting Algae Blooms: New Script in Supplement > Surface Water > Detecting_Algae_Blooms [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FSurface_Water%2FDetecting_Algae_Blooms){target="_blank"}] using NDCI
- Detection of frost using Sentinel-1 Data [[Paper](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2024.2372079){target="_blank"}]
- ESA WorldCover vs Global Surface Water [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d244253b1bb49402121a7730f398c07e){target="_blank"}]
- Estimation of reservoir volume
    - Global Surface Water (GSW) and GEE to estimate reservoir volume [[hess.copernicus.org](https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/23/669/2019/){target="_blank"}]
    - Estimating Lake Volumes using Geostatistical Approach [[rdcu.be](https://rdcu.be/cIFiR){target="_blank"}] [[supplementary material](https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fncomms13603/MediaObjects/41467_2016_BFncomms13603_MOESM1724_ESM.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- Export of Otsu Thresholding Result [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/5ad99d56bceb27946d8578be1fa9fb09?noload=1){target="_blank"}]
- Find pixels stayed majority as water over years [[reducer script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/ee4353dce39af6da35fa3561c17180a5){target="_blank"}]
- Flood Risk Index Mapping [[frontiersin.org](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00191/full){target="_blank"}]
- Gaza Bombing Change Detection Code [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/0652be77523d647bc68c7b09199004e2){target="_blank"}]
- Global Surface Water dataset for Coastal Land Reclamation Analysis [[paper with code](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/22/2621){target="_blank"}]
- GSW methodology paper [[nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature20584){target="_blank"}]
- Identify Brackish Water using Salinity Index [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FSurface_Water%2FDetecting_Brackish_Water){target="_blank"}]
- Interferometry [[nisar.jpl.nasa.gov](https://nisar.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/get-to-know-sar/interferometry/){target="_blank"}]
- Near Realtime Fire Monitoring using GOES data
    - Fire Detection and Classification using GOES-16 FDCC [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NOAA_GOES_16_FDCC#description){target="_blank"}]
    - Animating Fires [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/jstnbraaten/status/1417879515586457602){target="_blank"}]
    - Animating Hurricanes [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/e748665d6b09ba57e4f677160c4ad6d0){target="_blank"}]
    - Video Tutorial on GOES data [[earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com](https://earthoutreachonair.withgoogle.com/events/g4g-earthengine4){target="_blank"}]
- New Permanent Water in Lake Atitlán [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e54d690fc69977af52e44d630f57386a){target="_blank"}]
    - From the User Guide : There are instances where water is not present at the beginning or the end of the observation record but is present in some intervening years. Stability must be checked at the pixel scale by using the long term water history described by the temporal profiles plus the recurrence and occurrence maps. [[storage.googleapis.com](https://storage.googleapis.com/global-surface-water/downloads_ancillary/DataUsersGuidev2.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- SAR Handbook [[gis1.servirglobal.net](https://gis1.servirglobal.net/TrainingMaterials/SAR/SARHB_FullRes.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- SAR Sigma vs Gamma - [[forum.step.esa.int](https://forum.step.esa.int/t/radiometric-geometric-correction-workflow/2540/71){target="_blank"}]
- Soil Water Balance Bucket model [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/ceeafb92e911e72213221935d13b4cec){target="_blank"}]
- Water detection in Bright Areas [[Percentile Composite](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/7005eb60cb5050827df6bc83c8160289){target="_blank"}]
- Water extraction using dynamic world [[Supplement script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Water-Resources-Management%3ASupplement%2FSurface_Water%2FDynamic_World_Water_Detection){target="_blank"}]

### Apps and User Interface

- Interesting GEE Apps [[earthengine.app](https://www.earthengine.app/){target="_blank"}]
- Disaster Apps
    - Hurricane Irma Mangrove Damage [[App](https://davidlagomasino.users.earthengine.app/view/hurricaneirmamangroves){target="_blank"}]
    - [[Gaza Bombing Discovery App](https://jamonvdh.users.earthengine.app/view/gaza-bomb-damage-discovery-map){target="_blank"}] / [[Analysis App](https://jamonvdh.users.earthengine.app/view/gaza-bomb-damage-analysis){target="_blank"}]
    - EU Flooding Damage [[App](https://gena.users.earthengine.app/view/flood-eu#lon=8.297161232474883;lat=48.43220225490833;zoom=7){target="_blank"}];
    - Model Bomb detection app [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/4b978162b3b6752842976289a7288f31){target="_blank"}]
- Apps :
    - GLAD global surface water [[App](https://ahudson2.users.earthengine.app/view/glad-surface-water-dynamics-1999-2018){target="_blank"}]
    - Urban Heat Island [[App](https://yceo.users.earthengine.app/view/uhimap){target="_blank"}]
    - Kerala Floods [[App](https://mdm.users.earthengine.app/view/kerala-flood-2018){target="_blank"}]
    - Forest vegetation condition [[App](https://pradeepkoulgi.users.earthengine.app/view/india-tr-condition){target="_blank"}]
    - Harvest monitoring [[App](https://wrd-iwmi.users.earthengine.app/view/global-cropland-monitoring-tool){target="_blank"}]
- Create Custom Time-lapse Videos using GEE [[streamlit.gishub.org](https://streamlit.gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Downloading within the App [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/dd4b275f3110284c1d4048c3180a2409){target="_blank"}]
- Drill-down selector [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/776dd6c74baf77a5c7b6914618f7c20e){target="_blank"}]
- Flood mapping app - [[App](https://namratas.users.earthengine.app/view/punjab-floods-2019){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical drop down - [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/87eb656a7473301e3adce69fd01fa0ea){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical Drop-down [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/9aec4c777e60abf640222f5b193d12cd){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical dropdown [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/2a0b955b32094309ff46e33bbc13eabd){target="_blank"}]
- Hierarchical Selection of Admin boundaries [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/405d28ea374cd8a131a498d595c737a2){target="_blank"}]
- NDMI Explorer (MODIS) by Tachara Larocque - [[App](https://albertaaeppgc.users.earthengine.app/view/ndmi-explorer){target="_blank"}]
- Reclamation app by Subir Chowdhury [[researchgate.net](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Subir-Chowdhury){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel-5p Explorer App Code [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/a6ae0ed4b6d6d4478d6b754ac90c92cf){target="_blank"}]
- Streamlit GEE App for Creating TimeLapse [[app](https://geo.streamlitapp.com/){target="_blank"}]
- WorldPop Explorer App Code [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/b967c46a5497669f92f5b85a564861f0){target="_blank"}]

### Applications and Research

- Mapping landcover in India's Open Natural Ecosystems [[gitHUB project](https://github.com/openlandcover/one7types){target="_blank"}]
- Mapping Building Density with Open Building Datasets [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/09/16/building-density-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- NCF study on LPG distribution near Forest settlement : [[outreach](https://www.google.com/earth/outreach/success-stories/nature-conservation-foundation/){target="_blank"}]
- An Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends and Variability in the Uttarakhand Himalaya Using Google Earth Engine [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/4/709/htm){target="_blank"}]
- Comparison of different Precipitation data paper : [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/evelynuuemaa/status/1526171635283263488){target="_blank"}]
- NDFI : [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.006){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/338b38f46c2481fbb30e7b28b64dffcc){target="_blank"}]
- Rainfall trends in India using 135-year precipitation data from IMD [[Paper](https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2010.481373){target="_blank"}]
- SpatialTemporal Modeling of Urban Growth using Machine Learning [[Paper](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/1/109/htm){target="_blank"}] [[GEE repository](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?accept_repo=users/ujavalgandhi/urban-growth){target="_blank"}] (click to add to Code Editor)
- Species Modelling : [[Material](https://smithsonian.github.io/SDMinGEE/){target="_blank"}]

### Learning Resources and Tools

- Book Recommendations
    - Lillisend/Kiefer. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation [[Book](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation%2C+7th+Edition-p-9781118343289){target="_blank"}]
    - Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow [[Book](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hands-on-machine-learning/9781492032632/){target="_blank"}]
- Book – Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation [[Book](https://www.wiley.com/en-in/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation,+7th+Edition-p-9781118343289){target="_blank"}]
- Details of spatial data formats [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSuRw6-kVuY){target="_blank"}]
- Merging tiles SRTM [[GDAL course](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/gdal-tools.html#merging-tiles){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKHSKqzny8s&list=PLppGmFLhQ1HLVaHVf4TsnJ4HXZBSfxLOK&index=7){target="_blank"}]
- Paani: river basin data and maps [[paani.earth](https://paani.earth/){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Homogeneity Testing of Raingauge Data with Advanced QGIS Expressions [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/11/26/spatial-homogeneity-testing-qgis/){target="_blank"}]
- Spatial Thoughts Guided Projects [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#guided-projects){target="_blank"}]
- AI in the Code Editor
    - Open Earth-Engine Extension [[chromewebstore.google.com](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/open-earth-engine-extensi/dhkobehdekjgdahfldleahkekjffibhg?hl=en&pli=1){target="_blank"}]
    - GEE AI Asisstant [[chromewebstore.google.com](https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/gee-ai-assistant/kldhacnbicjpbdiebjjflnhgcmheokkl?utm_source=item-share-cb){target="_blank"}]
- Download_data using python [[GitHub](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/projects/blob/master/ee-python/download_data.py){target="_blank"}]
- Earth Engine Open Access Book [[PDF](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-26588-4){target="_blank"}][[Online Version](https://www.eefabook.org/){target="_blank"}]
- EEFA Open Access Book [[eefabook.org](https://www.eefabook.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Field data collection apps [[qfield](https://qfield.org/){target="_blank"}] [[merginmaps](https://merginmaps.com/){target="_blank"}][[kobotoolbox](https://merginmaps.com/){target="_blank"}]
- Google Cloud Credits Application [[docs.google.com](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSevL3uphh7QcTyMyTXUBA7D2QOFVaRa3TmjYYz6rH0oI_hP9Q/viewform){target="_blank"}]
- Helpful modules in gee [[Awesome-GEE](https://github.com/giswqs/Awesome-GEE){target="_blank"}][[List of Useful Public Repos](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#useful-public-repositories){target="_blank"}]
- Image Analysis, Classification and Change Detection in Remote Sensing: With Algorithms for Python, Fourth Edition : [[amazon.com](https://www.amazon.com/Analysis-Classification-Change-Detection-Sensing-ebook-dp-B07PQNKVNZ/dp/B07PQNKVNZ/ref=mt_other?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=){target="_blank"}] by Morton John Canty suggested by Mukhtar Jibril Abdi [[LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/mukhtar-abdi/){target="_blank"}]
    - Free SAR GEE Tutorials by Morton John Canty [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/detecting-changes-in-sentinel-1-imagery-pt-1){target="_blank"}]
- LISS4 Image Processing using XArray and Dask [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2023/12/25/liss4-processing-xarray/){target="_blank"}]
- Manual of Digital Earth : [[Paper](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3#toc){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS color to GEE using chatGPT [[Twitter](https://twitter.com/spatialthoughts/status/1674837860061691904){target="_blank"}]
- QGIS EE Plugin [[GitHub](https://github.com/gee-community/qgis-earthengine-plugin){target="_blank"}] [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#using-the-google-earth-engine-qgis-plugin){target="_blank"}]
- Using Python for bulk download - [[End to End GEE course](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#exporting-an-imagecollection){target="_blank"}]
- Web Mapping for Large Datasets
    - deck.gl [[Examples](https://deck.gl/examples){target="_blank"}]
    - [[PostGIS + VectorTiles](https://blog.crunchydata.com/blog/dynamic-vector-tiles-from-postgis){target="_blank"}] Can be served to [[LeafLet](https://leafletjs.com/plugins.html#vector-tiles){target="_blank"}] or [[deck.gl](https://deck.gl/docs/api-reference/geo-layers/mvt-layer){target="_blank"}]

### Datasets

- Database for remote sensing indices [[Index Database](https://www.indexdatabase.de/){target="_blank"}]
- GEE community-catalog [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/){target="_blank"}]
- GEE Community datasets - [[catalog](https://samapriya.github.io/awesome-gee-community-datasets/){target="_blank"}]
- Introduction to Dynamic World [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/community/introduction-to-dynamic-world-pt-1){target="_blank"}]
- India Official Boundaries - [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers/India_Official_Boundaries_2019){target="_blank"}]
- LSIB Boundary data [[GEE Catalog](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/USDOS_LSIB_SIMPLE_2017){target="_blank"}]
- A Global Multi-Sensor Dataset of Surface Water Indices from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Satellite Measurements [[Paper](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05562-z){target="_blank"}] [[GitHub](https://github.com/Water5092/water-index){target="_blank"}]
- Atmospheric Data Sources [[Sentinel-5p](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/sentinel-5p){target="_blank"}] [[Copernicus Climate Store](https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/){target="_blank"}]
- Bahamas Admin1 Boundaries [[download](https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-bhs?){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/e54c13190f5cf86e3476a39efccfff88){target="_blank"}]
- Cropland Mask from GFSAD 2015 version [[dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/gcep30/?h=gfsad){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/51618189ad6eaf6a1c94a31595d92956){target="_blank"}]
- Daily Downscaled Climate Projections data [[CMIP6](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_GDDP-CMIP6?hl=en){target="_blank"}] [[script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/3ffc489a1b382f4c6a4069ffbac19538){target="_blank"}] (using older CMIP5 data)
- Detecting seasonal flooding in forest - [[Dataset](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/JAXA_ALOS_PALSAR_YEARLY_SAR?hl=en#description){target="_blank"}]
- FABDEM - Forest and Building Removed DEM [[catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/fabdem/){target="_blank"}]
- FAO's Vegetation Condition GEE dataset [[get access](https://www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/access.jsp){target="_blank"}]
- Geospatial Data Sources
    - DataMeet (India only): search archives and ask community [[Discussion](https://groups.google.com/g/datameet){target="_blank"}]
    - Justin Meyers's Repositories: GIS Data for 60+ countries [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers?tab=repositories){target="_blank"}]
- Global forest change data [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_forest_02?hl=en){target="_blank"}]
- High resolution datasets
    - Defra for UK [[environment.data.gov.uk](https://environment.data.gov.uk/survey){target="_blank"}]
    - OpenAerialMap [[openaerialmap.org](https://openaerialmap.org/){target="_blank"}]
- High resolution SAR imagery : [[umbra](https://umbra.space/){target="_blank"}] [[iceye](https://www.iceye.com/){target="_blank"}]
- High Resolution SAR Open Data
    - Capella Space [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/c154a580afeafcd58ce31713eeb1cb18){target="_blank"}]
    - Umbra Space [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/41471a2bbbdb85a8307bf2a53424e745){target="_blank"}]
- Iraq Data
    - NIMA Iraq Shapefiles [[GitHub](https://github.com/justinelliotmeyers/NIMA_IRAQ){target="_blank"}]
    - Natural Earth Urban Areas [[naturalearthdata.com](https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-urban-area/){target="_blank"}]
    - OpenStreetMap Boundaries (query: place=city or admin_level=<all values>) using QuickOSM [[Tutorial](https://www.qgistutorials.com/en/docs/3/downloading_osm_data.html){target="_blank"}]
- JRC Global Surface Water data [[storage.googleapis.com](https://storage.googleapis.com/global-surface-water/downloads_ancillary/DataUsersGuidev2021.pdf){target="_blank"}]
- NICFI program - [[developers.planet.com](https://developers.planet.com/docs/integrations/gee/nicfi/){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKWhhNrf1s8){target="_blank"}]
- OpenET [[openetdata.org](https://openetdata.org/){target="_blank"}]
- River Datasets
    - Global River Width from Landsat (GRWL) [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/grwl/?h=river){target="_blank"}]
    - Global river networks & Corresponding Water resources zones [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/grn_wrz/){target="_blank"}]
    - OpenStreetMap [[download.geofabrik.de](http://download.geofabrik.de/asia/bhutan.html){target="_blank"}]
- Sentinel Cloud Score+ data [[GEE Catalog](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/GOOGLE_CLOUD_SCORE_PLUS_V1_S2_HARMONIZED){target="_blank"}]
- Streams and Canals from OSM [[GEE Community catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/osm_water/){target="_blank"}]
- Tree Canopy Height Datasets
    - Global Forest Canopy Height, 2005 [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_JPL_global_forest_canopy_height_2005){target="_blank"}]
    - GEDI [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LARSE_GEDI_GEDI02_A_002_MONTHLY){target="_blank"}] , Global Forest Canopy Heights 2019 based on GEDI [[glad.umd.edu](https://glad.umd.edu/dataset/gedi){target="_blank"}] [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/048b0f6540ec280056ed0359377c5f31){target="_blank"}]
    - Tallo [[Dataset](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/tallo/){target="_blank"}]
- USGS spectral library [[dataset](https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5807a2a2e4b0841e59e3a18d){target="_blank"}]

## Creating Publication Quality Charts with Google Earth Engine

Course material: [Creating Publication Quality Charts with Google Earth Engine](gee-charts.html){target="_blank"}

### Charts and Visualization

- Animated plots with Matplotlib [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2022/01/14/animated-plots-with-matplotlib/){target="_blank"}]
- Adding a threshold line to chart [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/25a8fb1faa820e55c0f391c61300d527){target="_blank"}]
- Chart example for dual y-axis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/146b082121b5fe51476d82bcf8b4b5fe){target="_blank"}]
- Custom style for basemap in GEE [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/feca9ebe0fb85409fa2ab6b6421bdb7d){target="_blank"}]
- Data table for charts [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/charts_datatable){target="_blank"}]
- GEE charts trendlines options [[developers.google.com](https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/trendlines#correlations){target="_blank"}]
- Labelling years on the X axis [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/6d31632c4bfd0a47a5612e22ebf4dc55){target="_blank"}]
- Looping to create charts for all years [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/077bdc8d66ccc76d0dd28a4fbd1126aa){target="_blank"}]
- Mapbiomass Chart [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/227ca50fc02213acedb17c70b9726e02){target="_blank"}]
- Pie-chart label options [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/55f55c69a9724e6288365faea66487dd){target="_blank"}]
- Plotting B3 vs. B8 for all the classes [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/395371231d4299cae3175ced41646856){target="_blank"}]
- Reformat data in visualization [[formatters](https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/reference#formatters){target="_blank"}]
- Removing gridlines [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/888af285cb0a64554435c447c876416d){target="_blank"}]
- Showing mean value on box plot [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/eaf6f378527bb9b7842ea6efa63b1e49){target="_blank"}]

### Time Series

- Extracting Time Series using [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2020/04/13/extracting-time-series-ee/){target="_blank"}]
- Learning Joins in Earth Engine: Time-series processing using GEE [[Video](https://youtu.be/ncb5_zbvnaU?feature=shared){target="_blank"}]
- Calculate Rainfall-NDVI correlation [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/717e65357ff929900804e52b8bd045c7){target="_blank"}]
- Fit harmonic model to the NDVI time-series [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/02a11e61483f59504ab6ae20a5d0440b){target="_blank"}]
- Plotting trend line with Forest Loss [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/4af50cfb5d8b199b2a41d19666530769){target="_blank"}]

### Earth Engine Fundamentals and Code

- Working with QA Bands and Bitmasks in Google Earth Engine [[Blog](https://spatialthoughts.com/2021/08/19/qa-bands-bitmasks-gee/){target="_blank"}]
- Functional programming concepts [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/tutorials/tutorial_js_03){target="_blank"}]
- HSV Transform
    - GEE Docs Pansharpening [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/image_transforms#pan-sharpening){target="_blank"}]
    - G4G Presentation [[Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qapfXYkKEoXXsQDjvX1P412bzvpz3RdmIchEIpjXc8o/edit){target="_blank"}]
- Keep distance between points to avoid spatial autocorrelation [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/classification){target="_blank"}]
- Client Vs. Server [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/end-to-end-gee.html#client-vs.-server){target="_blank"}]
- Create percentile composite [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/d5fd55a7834b283ed5aec0ca1c70ce5e){target="_blank"}]
- Creating donut buffer [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/91908357c00f7c4e10da8acfce6d9810){target="_blank"}]
- Exporting imageCollection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/28003eeeaad4fda0f488e9a15c9cdb6d){target="_blank"}]
- Get centroids of features in a collection [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/622665ecb94992e4caeeda155acbecdc){target="_blank"}]
- Otsu thresholding [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/33ce1be2c7d978a191e48653bf434788){target="_blank"}]
- Single-sided buffer [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.co.in/35ba00015af30a2aecccf2c0423bf391){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://youtu.be/YRcrxB3zNhw){target="_blank"}]

### Apps and User Interface

- Python library streamlit for apps [[Course Material](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/python-dataviz.html#streamlit-basics){target="_blank"}]
- View source code of public apps [[GitHub](https://github.com/samapriya/ee-appshot/tree/main){target="_blank"}]
- Add panel with logo example [[Script](https://code.earthengine.google.com/?scriptPath=users%2Fujavalgandhi%2FGEE-Charts%3ASupplement%2FLogo_Chart){target="_blank"}]
- GEE App [[Population Explorer](https://google.earthengine.app/view/population-explorer){target="_blank"}]
- SGV Viewer [[svgviewer.dev](https://www.svgviewer.dev/){target="_blank"}]

### Learning Resources and Tools

- Advanced vector operations [[book chapter](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JJE_O6TmiRvZbzBn45eike3Ivnm-dxz51gkmtR_A3i8/edit#heading=h.fsqb83l2pl43){target="_blank"}]
- Calculating Walkability
    - QGIS Walkability Plugin [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOJoNhh4E90){target="_blank"}]
    - Access to Amenities. Data from OSM [[python tutorial](https://gispofinland.medium.com/analysing-urban-walkability-using-openstreetmap-and-python-33815d045204){target="_blank"}]
    - QGIS Network Analysis Tutorial [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fL7udaJQEm8){target="_blank"}]
- GEE API via node.js [[GEE Docs](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/guides/npm_install){target="_blank"}]

### Datasets

- Planet datasets [[Introducing Planetary Variables](https://www.planet.com/pulse/introducing-planetary-variables-soil-water-content-land-surface-temperature-and-vegetation-biomass/){target="_blank"}]
- Biomass Density Data [[GEE Catalog](https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/LARSE_GEDI_GEDI04_B_002){target="_blank"}]
- Global Forest Above Ground Biomass data [[GEE community catalog](https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/cci_agb/?h=biomass){target="_blank"}]

## Agentic Coding for Geospatial

Course material: [Agentic Coding for Geospatial](agentic-coding-geospatial.html){target="_blank"}

### Claude Code and Skills

- DeepSeek Harness — source code included [[deepseek.com](https://deepseek.com/harness/en/){target="_blank"}]
- Makes your AI agent think like the laziest senior dev in the room [[ponytail](https://github.com/UberGuidoZ/ponytail-ai-coding){target="_blank"}]
- Reducing Token Usage
    - Caveman: A skill that makes Claude less verbose [[GitHub](https://github.com/juliusbrussee/caveman){target="_blank"}]
    - Ponytail: A skill that reduces the amount of code produced [[GitHub](https://github.com/DietrichGebert/ponytail/tree/main){target="_blank"}]
- Reference for Claude Code hook events [[code.claude.com](https://code.claude.com/docs/en/hooks){target="_blank"}]
- The Open Agent Skills Ecosystem [[skills.sh](https://www.skills.sh/){target="_blank"}]

### Tools and Integrations

- Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown [[markitdown](https://github.com/microsoft/markitdown){target="_blank"}]
- AI-powered academic search engine [[consensus.app](https://consensus.app/){target="_blank"}]
- Blender MCP
    - Official MCP [[blender.org](https://www.blender.org/lab/mcp-server/#llm-client){target="_blank"}]
    - Community MCP [[GitHub](https://github.com/ahujasid/blender-mcp){target="_blank"}]
- PDF Parser for AI-ready data [[opendataloader](https://github.com/opendataloader-project/opendataloader-pdf/tree/main){target="_blank"}]

## Building Your Geospatial Portfolio Website

Course material: [Building Your Geospatial Portfolio Website](geospatial-portfolio-workshop.html){target="_blank"}

### Git and Markdown

- Geospatial and tabular data in Git [[Kart Project](https://kartproject.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Python tool for converting files and office documents to Markdown [[markitdown](https://github.com/microsoft/markitdown){target="_blank"}]
- Change default Git editor
    - By default, Git opens the Vi editor whenever it needs some input from the user. If you get stuck in a Vi editor, enter `Esc` key followed by `:wq` to close it.
    - You can update your Git config to set VS Code as the default editor. [[Updated VS Code Config Instructions](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/install-vscode.html#set-vs-code-as-the-default-git-editor){target="_blank"}]
        - Mac users will have to do Step 5 of this section first. [[Add code command to PATH](https://courses.spatialthoughts.com/install-vscode.html#configure-visual-studio-code){target="_blank"}]
- Creating and highlighting code blocks in markdown file [[docs.github.com](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/writing-on-github/working-with-advanced-formatting/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks){target="_blank"}]

### Websites and Publishing

- Andrej Karpathy's Personal Knowledge Base [[llm-wiki](https://gist.github.com/karpathy/442a6bf555914893e9891c11519de94f){target="_blank"}] [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXd0t60YmMw){target="_blank"}]
    - Ujaval's Simplified Version [[note website](https://spatialthoughts.github.io/notes/){target="_blank"}] built with mkdocs [[instructions](https://github.com/spatialthoughts/notes/blob/main/CLAUDE.md){target="_blank"}]
- Converting Markdown to PDF
    - MyST Markdown [[timeanddate.com](https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Building+Your+Geospatial+Portfolio+Website++-+Extract+Session&iso=20260615T18&p1=176&ah=2){target="_blank"}]
    - Qiusheng Wu's MyST Workshop [[Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiceHVININs){target="_blank"}] [[Live Demo](https://gishub.org/){target="_blank"}]
- Setting up a blog using MKDocs [[mkdocs-material](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/setup/setting-up-a-blog/){target="_blank"}]

<!-- END NOTES -->