diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index ee783d1..7c32ace 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 - 🧩 Open `.nde` files in H5Web by default
 - ✨ Improve error display when a file is deleted
 - ✨ Reload a file automatically when it is recreated
+- ✨ Follow VS Code's theme by default instead of the operating system's
+- ⚙️ Add `h5web.colorScheme` setting to control the color scheme behaviour
+  (requires reopening H5Web editors)
 - 🐛 Release the previous contents of the file from memory when it is reloaded
 - 🐛 Stop leaving a copy of every file opened from the explorer in VS Code's
   webview cache, where copies accumulated with no size limit and were never
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 4ae6f4f..0ccebcf 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -86,3 +86,13 @@ This is an issue from VSCode `snap` package that
 [forces the use of `XWayland/X11` instead of `Wayland`](https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/207033).
 Since it can not be worked around, our advice is use another VSCode installation
 instead (e.g. via `apt`).
+
+## Configuration
+
+### `h5web.colorScheme`
+
+Specifies whether to use a light or dark color scheme. By default, H5Web follows
+VS Code's theme.
+
+> After changing this setting, please reopen your H5Web editors for the new
+> color scheme to take effect.
diff --git a/extension/H5WebViewer.ts b/extension/H5WebViewer.ts
index 8cc7350..87693cc 100644
--- a/extension/H5WebViewer.ts
+++ b/extension/H5WebViewer.ts
@@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ export default class H5WebViewer implements CustomReadonlyEditorProvider {
       'worker-src blob:', // for H5WasmLocalFileProvider's inline worker
     ];
 
+    const colorScheme = workspace
+      .getConfiguration('h5web')
+      .get('colorScheme', 'vscode');
+
     return `
 			<!DOCTYPE html>
 			<html lang="en">
@@ -158,7 +162,7 @@ export default class H5WebViewer implements CustomReadonlyEditorProvider {
         <script type="module" src="${jsUri.toString()}"></script>
         <link rel="stylesheet" href="${cssUri.toString()}">
 			</head>
-			<body>
+			<body data-color-scheme=${colorScheme}>
 				<div id="root"></div>
 			</body>
 			</html>`;
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index ff75f67..e452108 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -51,7 +51,29 @@
         ],
         "priority": "option"
       }
-    ]
+    ],
+    "configuration": {
+      "title": "H5Web",
+      "properties": {
+        "h5web.colorScheme": {
+          "description": "Specifies whether to use a light or dark color scheme. By default, follow VS Code's theme. Alternatively, follow the operating system's scheme or force a specific scheme.",
+          "type": "string",
+          "default": "vscode",
+          "enum": [
+            "vscode",
+            "system",
+            "light",
+            "dark"
+          ],
+          "enumDescriptions": [
+            "Follow VS Code's theme",
+            "Follow the system's color scheme",
+            "Use a light color scheme",
+            "Use a dark color scheme"
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
   },
   "main": "./out/main.js",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index d2d8f69..b5573e4 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -36,9 +36,16 @@ function App() {
     return <p>File does not exist</p>;
   }
 
+  /* Configured color scheme is passed to webview via `data-color-scheme` attribute.
+   * If "system", let H5Web's default behaviour kick in (i.e. `prefer-color-scheme: dark`).
+   * Otherwise, take over control of the color scheme with CSS. */
+  const { colorScheme } = document.body.dataset;
+  const disableDarkMode = colorScheme !== 'system';
+
   if (fileInfo.size >= MAX_SIZE_IN_BYTES) {
     return (
       <StandaloneViewer
+        disableDarkMode={disableDarkMode}
         customMessage={
           <p>
             File is too large to be opened from the explorer (max 2 GB). Please
@@ -58,7 +65,7 @@ function App() {
       }}
     >
       <Suspense fallback={<p className={styles.loading}>Loading...</p>}>
-        <Viewer fileInfo={fileInfo} />
+        <Viewer fileInfo={fileInfo} disableDarkMode={disableDarkMode} />
       </Suspense>
     </ErrorBoundary>
   );
diff --git a/src/StandaloneViewer.tsx b/src/StandaloneViewer.tsx
index a44a6f6..481c9f4 100644
--- a/src/StandaloneViewer.tsx
+++ b/src/StandaloneViewer.tsx
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import { type ReactNode, useState } from 'react';
 import { getExportURL, getPlugin } from './utils';
 
 interface Props {
+  disableDarkMode: boolean;
   customMessage?: ReactNode;
 }
 
 function StandaloneViewer(props: Props) {
-  const { customMessage } = props;
+  const { disableDarkMode, customMessage } = props;
   const [fallbackFile, setFallbackFile] = useState<File>();
 
   if (!fallbackFile) {
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ function StandaloneViewer(props: Props) {
       getExportURL={getExportURL}
       getPlugin={getPlugin}
     >
-      <App />
+      <App disableDarkMode={disableDarkMode} />
     </H5WasmLocalFileProvider>
   );
 }
diff --git a/src/Viewer.tsx b/src/Viewer.tsx
index 4d3d276..f5fa652 100644
--- a/src/Viewer.tsx
+++ b/src/Viewer.tsx
@@ -8,10 +8,11 @@ import WidthGuard from './WidthGuard.js';
 
 interface Props {
   fileInfo: FileInfo;
+  disableDarkMode: boolean;
 }
 
 function Viewer(props: Props) {
-  const { fileInfo } = props;
+  const { fileInfo, disableDarkMode } = props;
 
   const buffer = suspend(async () => {
     // Make a range request so that VS Code's webview service worker doesn't keep a copy of it
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ function Viewer(props: Props) {
       getPlugin={getPlugin}
     >
       <WidthGuard>
-        <App />
+        <App disableDarkMode={disableDarkMode} />
       </WidthGuard>
     </H5WasmBufferProvider>
   );
diff --git a/src/index.css b/src/index.css
index b868da3..cc60980 100644
--- a/src/index.css
+++ b/src/index.css
@@ -9,3 +9,30 @@
 [data-fill-height] {
   height: 100vh;
 }
+
+[data-color-scheme='dark'] #root,
+[data-color-scheme='vscode'][data-vscode-theme-kind='vscode-dark'] #root {
+  filter: invert();
+
+  /* Set shadows to lighter colors so they remain dark once inverted */
+  --h5w-btnRaised--shadowColor: #f5f5f5;
+  --h5w-btnRaised-hover--shadowColor: #fff;
+  --h5w-domainSlider-track--shadowColor: #f5f5f5;
+  --h5w-domainSlider-dataTrack--shadowColor: #fff;
+
+  /* Change line colors for better contrast once inverted */
+  --h5w-line--color: deepskyblue;
+  --h5w-line--colorAux: orange, lightgreen, red, violet, gold;
+}
+
+[data-color-scheme='dark'] #root [data-keep-colors],
+[data-color-scheme='dark'] #root [data-keep-canvas-colors] canvas,
+[data-color-scheme='vscode'][data-vscode-theme-kind='vscode-dark']
+  #root
+  [data-keep-colors],
+[data-color-scheme='vscode'][data-vscode-theme-kind='vscode-dark']
+  #root
+  [data-keep-canvas-colors]
+  canvas {
+  filter: invert(); /* invert back to normal colors */
+}