diff --git a/backend/src/hatchling/builders/sdist.py b/backend/src/hatchling/builders/sdist.py
index d92371bc7..325e3a825 100644
--- a/backend/src/hatchling/builders/sdist.py
+++ b/backend/src/hatchling/builders/sdist.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from hatchling.builders.config import BuilderConfig
+from hatchling.builders.constants import EXCLUDED_DIRECTORIES, EXCLUDED_FILES
 from hatchling.builders.plugin.interface import BuilderInterface
 from hatchling.builders.utils import (
     get_reproducible_timestamp,
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@
     normalize_file_permissions,
     normalize_relative_path,
     replace_file,
+    safe_walk,
 )
+from hatchling.builders.wheel import WheelBuilder
 from hatchling.metadata.spec import DEFAULT_METADATA_VERSION, get_core_metadata_constructors
 from hatchling.utils.constants import DEFAULT_BUILD_SCRIPT, DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE
 
@@ -327,6 +330,78 @@ def construct_setup_py_file(self, packages: list[str], extra_dependencies: tuple
 
         return contents
 
+    def _add_in_tree_source(self, force_include: dict[str, str], path: str) -> None:
+        """Record a project-tree file so PEP 517 wheel-from-sdist builds can see it."""
+        if not path.startswith(self.root) or not os.path.isfile(path):
+            return
+
+        relative_path = os.path.relpath(path, self.root)
+        escaped = relative_path == ".." or relative_path.startswith(f"..{os.sep}")
+        if escaped or self.config.path_is_excluded(relative_path):
+            return
+
+        force_include[path] = relative_path
+
+    def _add_in_tree_sources(self, force_include: dict[str, str], source: str) -> None:
+        if os.path.isfile(source):
+            self._add_in_tree_source(force_include, source)
+            return
+
+        if not os.path.isdir(source) or not source.startswith(self.root):
+            return
+
+        for root, dirs, files in safe_walk(source):
+            dirs[:] = sorted(d for d in dirs if d not in EXCLUDED_DIRECTORIES)
+            files.sort()
+            for filename in files:
+                if filename in EXCLUDED_FILES:
+                    continue
+                self._add_in_tree_source(force_include, os.path.join(root, filename))
+
+    def get_wheel_source_force_include(self) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """Collect in-tree wheel sources that isolated sdist builds must keep.
+
+        Frontends such as `python -m build` and `uv build` unpack the sdist and
+        build the wheel from that tree. Files listed only on the wheel target
+        were previously omitted from the sdist, so those wheels silently dropped
+        them. Explicit sdist `exclude` entries still win, including VCS ignore
+        rules.
+
+        Returns:
+            Mapping of absolute source paths to project-relative archive paths.
+        """
+        force_include: dict[str, str] = {}
+        try:
+            wheel_builder = WheelBuilder(
+                self.root,
+                plugin_manager=self.plugin_manager,
+                config=self.raw_config,
+                metadata=self.metadata,
+                app=self.app,
+            )
+            selected_files = list(wheel_builder.recurse_selected_project_files())
+            force_sources = list(wheel_builder.config.force_include)
+            extra_sources = [
+                *wheel_builder.config.shared_data,
+                *wheel_builder.config.shared_scripts,
+                *wheel_builder.config.extra_metadata,
+            ]
+            sbom_files = list(wheel_builder.config.sbom_files)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as error:
+            self.app.display_debug(f"Skipping wheel source inclusion for sdist: {error}")
+            return force_include
+
+        for included_file in selected_files:
+            self._add_in_tree_source(force_include, included_file.path)
+
+        for source in (*force_sources, *extra_sources):
+            self._add_in_tree_sources(force_include, source)
+
+        for sbom_file in sbom_files:
+            self._add_in_tree_source(force_include, os.path.join(self.root, sbom_file))
+
+        return force_include
+
     def get_default_build_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         force_include = {}
         for filename in ["pyproject.toml", DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE, DEFAULT_BUILD_SCRIPT]:
@@ -350,6 +425,8 @@ def get_default_build_data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
                 relative_path = normalize_relative_path(license_file)
                 force_include[os.path.join(self.root, relative_path)] = relative_path
 
+        force_include.update(self.get_wheel_source_force_include())
+
         return build_data
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/docs/config/build.md b/docs/config/build.md
index 1717c4a51..1f738795d 100644
--- a/docs/config/build.md
+++ b/docs/config/build.md
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ exclude = [
 
 will exclude every file with a `.json` extension, and will include everything under a `tests` directory located at the root and every file with a `.py` extension that is directly under a `pkg` directory located at the root except for `_compat.py`.
 
+When the sdist `include` list is narrower than the wheel target, Hatchling still adds the wheel's in-tree sources to the sdist so isolated builds (`python -m build`, `uv build`) do not drop them. Use sdist `exclude` if a wheel source must stay out of the archive.
+
 ### Artifacts
 
 If you want to include files that are [ignored by your VCS](#vcs), such as those that might be created by [build hooks](#build-hooks), you can use the `artifacts` option. This option is semantically equivalent to `include`.
diff --git a/docs/history/hatchling.md b/docs/history/hatchling.md
index 7be72c307..acc4a73ff 100644
--- a/docs/history/hatchling.md
+++ b/docs/history/hatchling.md
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+***Fixed:***
+
+- Source distributions now include in-tree files selected by the wheel target, so `python -m build` and `uv build` ship the same wheel contents as `hatch build -t wheel`. Files explicitly excluded from the sdist are still omitted.
+
 ## [1.32.0](https://github.com/pypa/hatch/releases/tag/hatchling-v1.32.0) - 2026-08-11 ## {: #hatchling-v1.32.0 }
 
 ***Changed:***
diff --git a/docs/plugins/builder/sdist.md b/docs/plugins/builder/sdist.md
index 13db3f657..c1a7ede30 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/builder/sdist.md
+++ b/docs/plugins/builder/sdist.md
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ When the user has not set any [file selection](../../config/build.md#file-select
     - Any defined [`readme`](../../config/metadata.md#readme) file
     - All defined [`license-files`](../../config/metadata.md#license)
 
+    In-tree files selected by the [wheel](wheel.md) target are also included, so frontends that build the wheel from the sdist (`python -m build`, `uv build`) ship the same contents as `hatch build -t wheel`. Paths listed in the sdist [`exclude`](../../config/build.md#patterns) option are still omitted. Generated or out-of-tree wheel sources are not copied; those still need a [build hook](../build-hook/reference.md) or an explicit sdist [`artifacts`](../../config/build.md#artifacts) / [`force-include`](../../config/build.md#forced-inclusion) entry.
+
 ## Reproducibility
 
 [Reproducible builds](../../config/build.md#reproducible-builds) are supported.
diff --git a/docs/plugins/builder/wheel.md b/docs/plugins/builder/wheel.md
index 946df8f89..8b583fe0e 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/builder/wheel.md
+++ b/docs/plugins/builder/wheel.md
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ The builder plugin name is `wheel`.
 | `sbom-files` | | A list of paths to [Software Bill of Materials](https://peps.python.org/pep-0770/) files that will be included in the `.dist-info/sboms/` directory of the wheel |
 
 !!! note
-    Many build frontends will build the wheel from a source distribution. This is the recommended approach, but it means you need to ensure the SBOM files passed to `sbom-files` are also [included in the source distribution](https://hatch.pypa.io/latest/config/build/#file-selection).
+    Many build frontends will build the wheel from a source distribution. Hatchling includes in-tree wheel sources (including `sbom-files` that already exist in the project) in the sdist automatically. Generated or out-of-tree paths still need to be produced by a [build hook](../build-hook/reference.md) or copied into the project before the sdist is built.
 
 ## Versions
 
diff --git a/tests/backend/builders/test_sdist.py b/tests/backend/builders/test_sdist.py
index 5941b217c..e06a33524 100644
--- a/tests/backend/builders/test_sdist.py
+++ b/tests/backend/builders/test_sdist.py
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 import os
 import tarfile
+import zipfile
 
 import pytest
 
 from hatchling.builders.plugin.interface import BuilderInterface
 from hatchling.builders.sdist import SdistBuilder
 from hatchling.builders.utils import get_reproducible_timestamp
+from hatchling.builders.wheel import WheelBuilder
 from hatchling.metadata.spec import DEFAULT_METADATA_VERSION, get_core_metadata_constructors
 from hatchling.utils.constants import DEFAULT_BUILD_SCRIPT, DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE
 
@@ -1542,3 +1544,133 @@ def test_file_permissions_normalized(self, hatch, temp_dir, config_file):
         # we assert that at minimum 644 is set, based on the platform (e.g.)
         # windows it may be higher
         assert file_stat.st_mode & 0o644
+
+    def test_wheel_include_files_added_to_sdist(self, helpers, temp_dir):
+        """Wheel-only includes must ship in the sdist so PEP 517 frontends keep them.
+
+        https://github.com/pypa/hatch/issues/1874
+        """
+        project_path = temp_dir / "foo"
+        project_path.mkdir()
+        (project_path / "sdist.py").touch()
+        (project_path / "sdist_wheel.py").touch()
+        (project_path / "wheel.py").touch()
+
+        config = {
+            "project": {"name": "foo", "version": "0.0.1"},
+            "tool": {
+                "hatch": {
+                    "build": {
+                        "targets": {
+                            "sdist": {"include": ["sdist.py", "sdist_wheel.py"]},
+                            "wheel": {"include": ["sdist_wheel.py", "wheel.py"]},
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+        builder = SdistBuilder(str(project_path), config=config)
+        artifacts = list(builder.build(directory=str(project_path / "dist")))
+        assert len(artifacts) == 1
+
+        with tarfile.open(artifacts[0], "r:gz") as archive:
+            names = archive.getnames()
+
+        prefix = builder.project_id
+        assert f"{prefix}/sdist.py" in names
+        assert f"{prefix}/sdist_wheel.py" in names
+        assert f"{prefix}/wheel.py" in names
+
+        extraction_directory = temp_dir / "_archive"
+        extraction_directory.mkdir()
+        with tarfile.open(artifacts[0], "r:gz") as archive:
+            archive.extractall(str(extraction_directory), **helpers.tarfile_extraction_compat_options())
+
+        unpacked = extraction_directory / prefix
+        wheel_builder = WheelBuilder(str(unpacked), config=config)
+        wheels = list(wheel_builder.build(directory=str(temp_dir / "wheels")))
+        with zipfile.ZipFile(wheels[0]) as wheel:
+            wheel_names = wheel.namelist()
+
+        assert "wheel.py" in wheel_names
+        assert "sdist_wheel.py" in wheel_names
+        assert "sdist.py" not in wheel_names
+
+    def test_sdist_exclude_overrides_wheel_include(self, temp_dir):
+        project_path = temp_dir / "foo"
+        project_path.mkdir()
+        (project_path / "kept.py").touch()
+        (project_path / "tree_only.py").touch()
+
+        config = {
+            "project": {"name": "foo", "version": "0.0.1"},
+            "tool": {
+                "hatch": {
+                    "build": {
+                        "targets": {
+                            "sdist": {"include": ["kept.py", "tree_only.py"], "exclude": ["tree_only.py"]},
+                            "wheel": {"include": ["kept.py", "tree_only.py"]},
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+        builder = SdistBuilder(str(project_path), config=config)
+        artifacts = list(builder.build(directory=str(project_path / "dist")))
+
+        with tarfile.open(artifacts[0], "r:gz") as archive:
+            names = archive.getnames()
+
+        prefix = builder.project_id
+        assert f"{prefix}/kept.py" in names
+        assert f"{prefix}/tree_only.py" not in names
+
+    def test_wheel_force_include_source_added_to_sdist(self, temp_dir):
+        project_path = temp_dir / "foo"
+        project_path.mkdir()
+        (project_path / "pkg").mkdir()
+        (project_path / "pkg" / "__init__.py").touch()
+        (project_path / "data.txt").write_text("payload\n")
+
+        config = {
+            "project": {"name": "foo", "version": "0.0.1"},
+            "tool": {
+                "hatch": {
+                    "build": {
+                        "targets": {
+                            "sdist": {"only-include": ["pkg"]},
+                            "wheel": {
+                                "packages": ["pkg"],
+                                "force-include": {"data.txt": "pkg/data.txt"},
+                            },
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+        builder = SdistBuilder(str(project_path), config=config)
+        artifacts = list(builder.build(directory=str(project_path / "dist")))
+
+        with tarfile.open(artifacts[0], "r:gz") as archive:
+            names = archive.getnames()
+
+        prefix = builder.project_id
+        assert f"{prefix}/pkg/__init__.py" in names
+        assert f"{prefix}/data.txt" in names
+
+    def test_missing_wheel_package_does_not_fail_sdist(self, temp_dir):
+        project_path = temp_dir / "proj"
+        project_path.mkdir()
+        (project_path / "notes.txt").write_text("hi\n")
+        config = {
+            "project": {"name": "MyApp", "version": "0.0.1"},
+            "tool": {"hatch": {"build": {"targets": {"sdist": {"include": ["notes.txt"]}}}}},
+        }
+        builder = SdistBuilder(str(project_path), config=config)
+        artifacts = list(builder.build(directory=str(project_path / "dist")))
+        assert len(artifacts) == 1
+
+        with tarfile.open(artifacts[0], "r:gz") as archive:
+            names = archive.getnames()
+
+        assert f"{builder.project_id}/notes.txt" in names