diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/UsageLimitRecoveryCard.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/UsageLimitRecoveryCard.tsx
index 791dc2ab5d847..0b2afb1e7d952 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/UsageLimitRecoveryCard.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/UsageLimitRecoveryCard.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { squashAtomCommandFailure } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/runtime"
 import { AsyncResult } from "effect/reactivity";
 import type { EnvironmentThreadShell } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/shell";
 import type { EnvironmentId } from "@t3tools/contracts";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime";
 import { useState } from "react";
 import { View } from "react-native";
@@ -71,9 +72,10 @@ export function UsageLimitRecoveryCard({
   return (
     <View className="mx-3 mb-2 gap-2 rounded-xl border border-warning-foreground/25 bg-screen p-3">
       <Text className="text-sm text-warning-foreground">
+        {providerFailureTitle(thread.runtime.lastErrorClass, thread.runtime.lastErrorCode)}.{" "}
         {resetAt
-          ? `Usage limit resets ${DateTime.toDateUtc(DateTime.makeUnsafe(resetAt)).toLocaleString()}.`
-          : "The provider did not report a reset time. Retry manually when your limit is available."}
+          ? `Resets ${DateTime.toDateUtc(DateTime.makeUnsafe(resetAt)).toLocaleString()}.`
+          : "No reset time reported; retry manually"}
       </Text>
       {canSchedule ? (
         <View className="flex-row flex-wrap gap-2">
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-work-log.tsx b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-work-log.tsx
index ae943c816140e..dca21df1360ed 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-work-log.tsx
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/features/threads/thread-work-log.tsx
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import { environmentThreadDetails, threadEnvironment } from "../../state/threads
 import { useAtomCommand } from "../../state/use-atom-command";
 import { toolActivityFaviconUrl } from "@t3tools/shared/favicon";
 import { isJavaScriptReplTool } from "@t3tools/shared/toolActivity";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import { useMarkdownCodeHighlight } from "./markdownCodeHighlightState";
 
 import { AppText as Text } from "../../components/ui/AppText";
@@ -950,11 +951,11 @@ const ThreadWorkLogRow = function ThreadWorkLogRow(
         })} (${new Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone})`
       : null;
     const label = warning
-      ? `Usage limit reached.${resetTime ? ` Retry after ${resetTime}.` : ""}`
+      ? `${providerFailureTitle(failureItem.failure.class, failureItem.failure.code)}.${resetTime ? ` Retry after ${resetTime}.` : ""}`
       : row.summary;
     return (
       <WorkLogPressable
-        accessibilityLabel={warning ? label : `${row.summary}: ${failureItem.failure.message}`}
+        accessibilityLabel={`${label}: ${failureItem.failure.message}`}
         accessibilityHint="Long press to copy."
         onLongPress={() => props.onCopyRow(row.id, row.getCopyText())}
       >
@@ -993,11 +994,9 @@ const ThreadWorkLogRow = function ThreadWorkLogRow(
               })}
             </Text>
           </View>
-          {!warning ? (
-            <Text selectable className="ml-7 text-sm text-foreground">
-              {failureItem.failure.message}
-            </Text>
-          ) : null}
+          <Text selectable className="ml-7 text-sm text-foreground">
+            {failureItem.failure.message}
+          </Text>
           {failureItem.failure.code === ORCHESTRATION_V2_WORKSPACE_PREPARATION_FAILURE_CODE &&
           failureItem.runId !== null ? (
             <WorkspacePreparationRetryButton
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.test.ts b/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.test.ts
index 69ef04feb4f2f..3ed3901c0c247 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.test.ts
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.test.ts
@@ -1568,18 +1568,23 @@ it("stops stranded thinking after a steer and follows the next thought or tool",
   expect(first.status).toBe("running");
 });
 
-it.each(["provider_error", "usage_limit"] as const)(
-  "keeps a historical %s failure and preceding work visible without disclosures",
-  (failureClass) => {
+it.each([
+  ["provider_error", null, "Provider error"],
+  ["usage_limit", "usageLimitExceeded", "Usage limit reached"],
+  ["usage_limit", "responseTooManyFailedAttempts", "Provider rate limit (HTTP 429)"],
+] as const)(
+  "keeps a historical %s / %s failure and preceding work visible without disclosures",
+  (failureClass, code, summary) => {
     const at = "2026-06-20T00:00:03.000Z";
     const error: OrchestrationV2TurnItem = {
       ...base("failure", at, 2),
       type: "error",
       status: "failed",
+      title: failureClass === "usage_limit" ? "Usage limit reached" : null,
       failure: {
         class: failureClass,
         message: "The provider stopped this turn.\nRetry later.",
-        code: null,
+        code,
         retryable: true,
       },
     };
@@ -1619,11 +1624,16 @@ it.each(["provider_error", "usage_limit"] as const)(
       "failure",
     ]);
     expect(activities.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      summary,
       detail: error.failure.message,
       createdAt: at,
       canExpand: false,
       prominent: true,
     });
+    const recovered = buildThreadFeed([
+      projected({ ...error, status: "completed", title: "Provider recovered" }, 0),
+    ]).flatMap((entry) => (entry.type === "activity-group" ? entry.activities : []));
+    expect(recovered[0]?.summary).toBe("Provider recovered");
   },
 );
 
diff --git a/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.ts b/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.ts
index 8cb5ccb043794..2de2ee0fa891c 100644
--- a/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.ts
+++ b/apps/mobile/src/lib/threadActivity.ts
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ import {
 } from "@t3tools/shared/toolActivity";
 import { claudeResumeCompactionAge } from "@t3tools/shared/claudeCompaction";
 import { formatDuration } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationTiming";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import { truncate } from "@t3tools/shared/String";
 import type { HtmlRenderReference } from "@t3tools/shared/htmlRender";
 import type { McpAppReference } from "@t3tools/shared/mcpApp";
@@ -581,6 +582,9 @@ function itemSummary(
   if (item.type === "notification") return item.summary;
   if (item.type === "system_notice") return item.message;
   if (item.type === "compaction") return contextCompactionLabel(item);
+  if (item.type === "error" && item.status === "failed" && item.failure.class === "usage_limit") {
+    return providerFailureTitle(item.failure.class, item.failure.code);
+  }
   const title =
     (item.type === "dynamic_tool"
       ? dynamicToolTitle(item.toolName, item.input, item.title)
@@ -611,7 +615,7 @@ function itemSummary(
     case "run_interrupt_result":
       return "Run interrupted";
     case "error":
-      return item.failure.class === "usage_limit" ? "Usage limit reached" : "Provider error";
+      return providerFailureTitle(item.failure.class, item.failure.code);
     case "handoff":
       return "Context handed off";
     case "fork":
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadNotificationCoordinator.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadNotificationCoordinator.tsx
index a7134b481d131..306ac228b4896 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/ThreadNotificationCoordinator.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/ThreadNotificationCoordinator.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   presentThreadShell,
 } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/models";
 import { isShownUnderParent } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/threads";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import type { AnyRouter } from "@tanstack/react-router";
 import { threadKey } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/state/entities";
 import type { EnvironmentId, OrchestrationV2ThreadShell, ThreadId } from "@t3tools/contracts";
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ export function startThreadNotifications(
         : status === "approval"
           ? "Approval needed"
           : status === "limited"
-            ? "Usage limit reached"
+            ? providerFailureTitle(thread.runtime?.lastErrorClass, thread.runtime?.lastErrorCode)
             : status === "failed"
               ? "Thread failed"
               : status === "request"
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineWorkEntryRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineWorkEntryRow.tsx
index 95661d16b9307..a4139983ab1ff 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineWorkEntryRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/TimelineWorkEntryRow.tsx
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   turnItemNeedsDetailFetch,
 } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/work-log/item-detail";
 import { claudeSkillInvocation } from "@t3tools/shared/toolActivity";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import { memo, use, useState, type KeyboardEvent } from "react";
 import {
   workEntryDisplayIndicatesToolFailure,
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ function WorkEntryLogRow(props: WorkEntryRowProps) {
       ? `${formatUpcomingTimestamp(resetAt, timestampFormat, undefined, timeZone)} (${timeZone})`
       : null;
     const label = warning
-      ? `Usage limit reached.${resetTime ? ` Retry after ${resetTime}.` : ""}`
+      ? `${providerFailureTitle(failureItem.failure.class, failureItem.failure.code)}.${resetTime ? ` Retry after ${resetTime}.` : ""}`
       : workEntry.label;
     const retryRunId =
       failureItem.runId !== null &&
@@ -249,11 +250,9 @@ function WorkEntryLogRow(props: WorkEntryRowProps) {
           />
         }
       >
-        {!warning ? (
-          <p className="ms-7 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words py-1 text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">
-            {failureItem.failure.message}
-          </p>
-        ) : null}
+        <p className="ms-7 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words py-1 text-sm leading-relaxed text-foreground/80">
+          {failureItem.failure.message}
+        </p>
         {retryRunId !== null && onRetryWorkspacePreparation ? (
           <div className="ms-7 pb-1">
             <Button
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.test.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.test.tsx
index a4b534d66d1eb..b86ac46318a70 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.test.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.test.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,25 @@ function bannerDescription(resetAt: Date, timestampFormat: TimestampFormat) {
 }
 
 describe("usageLimitRecoveryBannerItem", () => {
+  it.each([
+    ["responseTooManyFailedAttempts", "Provider rate limit (HTTP 429)"],
+    ["usageLimitExceeded", "Usage limit reached"],
+  ] as const)("keeps %s manually recoverable without a reported reset", (errorCode, title) => {
+    const banner = usageLimitRecoveryBannerItem({
+      runId: RunId.make("run-1"),
+      errorCode,
+      resetAt: null,
+      stoppedAt: stoppedAt.toISOString(),
+      snoozedUntil: null,
+      recovery: null,
+      timestampFormat: "24-hour",
+      onChange: async () => {},
+    });
+    expect(banner.title).toBe(title);
+    expect(banner.description).toBe("No reset time reported; retry manually");
+    expect(banner.actions).toBeNull();
+  });
+
   it.each([
     ["12-hour", "Resets 5:30 PM"],
     ["24-hour", "Resets 17:30"],
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.tsx
index aabe7734a3329..2ff634a80c131 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/chat/UsageLimitRecoveryBanner.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
 } from "@t3tools/contracts";
 import { type TimestampFormat } from "@t3tools/contracts/settings";
 import { deadlineStore } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/clock";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import {
   CHATGPT_USAGE_LIMIT_CODE,
   CHATGPT_WORKSPACE_USAGE_LIMIT_CODE,
@@ -41,13 +42,13 @@ export function usageLimitRecoveryBannerItem(props: RecoveryProps): ComposerBann
   ) : null;
   const resetDescription = resetAt
     ? `Resets ${formatUpcomingTimestamp(resetAt, timestampFormat)}`
-    : "Reset time unavailable; retry manually";
+    : "No reset time reported; retry manually";
   if (!chatGptLimit) {
     return {
       id: `usage-limit-recovery:${runId}`,
       variant: "warning",
       icon: <GaugeIcon />,
-      title: "Usage limit reached",
+      title: providerFailureTitle("usage_limit", errorCode),
       description: resetDescription,
       actions: recoveryActions,
     };
diff --git a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
index 7c9cc93f2b3b3..4b54b57182f93 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
+++ b/apps/web/src/components/sidebar/SidebarThreadRow.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { ThreadHoverCard, ThreadHoverCardPopup } from "../ThreadHoverCard";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import { ThreadTerminalStatusButton } from "../ThreadStatusIndicators";
 import { discardComposerDraft } from "../../lib/discardComposerDraft";
 import { requestCustomSnooze } from "../CustomSnoozeDialog";
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ function SidebarThreadTooltip({
             <CircleAlertIcon className="size-3 shrink-0 stroke-current" />
             <div className="min-w-0 truncate">
               {thread.runtime.lastErrorClass === "usage_limit"
-                ? "Usage limit reached"
+                ? providerFailureTitle(thread.runtime.lastErrorClass, thread.runtime.lastErrorCode)
                 : "Error occurred"}
             </div>
           </div>
diff --git a/apps/web/src/session-logic.test.ts b/apps/web/src/session-logic.test.ts
index df3eb85c3db38..95e812edf64b1 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/session-logic.test.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/session-logic.test.ts
@@ -131,13 +131,30 @@ describe("V2 session presentation", () => {
       },
     } satisfies Extract<OrchestrationV2TurnItem, { readonly type: "error" }>;
 
-    expect(
-      providerErrorPresentation({
+    for (const [code, label] of [
+      ["responseTooManyFailedAttempts", "Provider rate limit (HTTP 429)"],
+      ["usageLimitExceeded", "Usage limit reached"],
+    ] as const) {
+      const failed = {
         ...retryItem,
-        status: "failed",
-        failure: { ...retryItem.failure, class: "usage_limit" },
-      }),
-    ).toMatchObject({ label: "Usage limit reached after 2/10 retries" });
+        status: "failed" as const,
+        title: "Usage limit reached",
+        failure: {
+          class: "usage_limit" as const,
+          code,
+          message: "exceeded retry limit, last status: 429 Too Many Requests",
+          retryable: null,
+        },
+      };
+      expect(providerErrorPresentation(failed)).toEqual({
+        label: `${label} after 2/10 retries`,
+        detail: failed.failure.message,
+      });
+      expect(providerErrorPresentation({ ...failed, retry: undefined })).toEqual({
+        label,
+        detail: failed.failure.message,
+      });
+    }
     const recoveredLimit = {
       ...retryItem,
       status: "completed" as const,
diff --git a/apps/web/src/session-logic.ts b/apps/web/src/session-logic.ts
index 6cf2761d3d6d3..ef7ff82f655d3 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/session-logic.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/session-logic.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   formatSearchToolLabel,
 } from "@t3tools/shared/toolActivity";
 import type { HtmlRenderReference } from "@t3tools/shared/htmlRender";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 import { turnItemDetailRevision } from "@t3tools/client-runtime/work-log/item-detail";
 import type { McpAppReference } from "@t3tools/shared/mcpApp";
 import { htmlRenderFromToolItem, mcpAppFromToolItem } from "@t3tools/shared/toolOutput";
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@ export function providerErrorPresentation(
     return {
       label:
         item.failure.class === "usage_limit"
-          ? "Usage limit reached"
+          ? providerFailureTitle(item.failure.class, item.failure.code)
           : item.title?.trim() || "Provider error",
       detail: item.failure.message,
     };
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ export function providerErrorPresentation(
       : item.status === "completed"
         ? `Provider recovered (${progress} retries)`
         : item.status === "failed"
-          ? `${item.failure.class === "usage_limit" ? "Usage limit reached" : "Provider error"} after ${progress} retries`
+          ? `${providerFailureTitle(item.failure.class, item.failure.code)} after ${progress} retries`
           : `Provider retry stopped (${progress})`;
   const retryDelay =
     item.status === "running" && item.retry.retryDelayMs !== null && item.retry.retryDelayMs > 0
diff --git a/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.test.ts b/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.test.ts
index 04829ad8f263b..c2cf943ebf781 100644
--- a/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.test.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.test.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   knownProviderFailureMessage,
   makeProviderFailure,
   makeProviderFailureTurnItem,
+  makeProviderRetryTurnItem,
   MAX_PROVIDER_FAILURE_MESSAGE_LENGTH,
   ContextHandoffBudgetError,
   ContextHandoffBackgroundWorkError,
@@ -258,6 +259,48 @@ it("does not serialize arbitrary provider causes", () => {
   });
 });
 
+it.each([
+  ["usage_limit", "responseTooManyFailedAttempts", "Provider rate limit (HTTP 429)"],
+  ["usage_limit", "usageLimitExceeded", "Usage limit reached"],
+  ["usage_limit", "rateLimitExceeded", "Usage limit reached"],
+  ["provider_error", "responseTooManyFailedAttempts", "Provider error"],
+] as const)(
+  "titles %s / %s failures without changing recovery evidence",
+  (failureClass, code, title) => {
+    const failure = makeProviderFailure({
+      class: failureClass,
+      code,
+      message: "Provider explanation retained.",
+      retryable: null,
+    });
+    const occurredAt = DateTime.makeUnsafe("2026-10-28T15:03:08.000Z");
+    const base = {
+      driver: ProviderDriverKind.make("codex"),
+      threadId: ThreadId.make("thread:failure-title"),
+      runId: RunId.make("run:failure-title"),
+      nodeId: null,
+      providerThreadId: ProviderThreadId.make("provider-thread:failure-title"),
+      providerTurnId: ProviderTurnId.make("provider-turn:failure-title"),
+      itemOrdinal: 1,
+      failure,
+    };
+    const terminal = makeProviderFailureTurnItem({ ...base, occurredAt });
+    const exhausted = makeProviderRetryTurnItem({
+      ...base,
+      retry: { attempt: 2, maxAttempts: null, retryDelayMs: null },
+      status: "failed",
+      startedAt: occurredAt,
+      updatedAt: occurredAt,
+    });
+    for (const item of [terminal, exhausted]) {
+      assert.equal(item.title, title);
+      assert.deepEqual(item.failure, failure);
+      assert.equal(item.status, "failed");
+      assert.isUndefined(item.failure.resetAt);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
 it.effect("keys terminal failure items by provider turn across retries and fallback paths", () =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const idAllocator = yield* IdAllocator.IdAllocatorV2;
diff --git a/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.ts b/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.ts
index edaf0aa97a743..39bf61cf79911 100644
--- a/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.ts
+++ b/packages/provider-core/src/server/failure.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import type {
 } from "@t3tools/contracts";
 import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime";
 import * as Cause from "effect/Cause";
+import { providerFailureTitle } from "@t3tools/shared/orchestrationV2ThreadError";
 
 import * as IdAllocator from "./IdAllocator.ts";
 import type { ProviderAdapterFailureReason } from "./ProviderAdapter.ts";
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ export function makeProviderFailureTurnItem(input: {
     parentItemId: null,
     ordinal: input.itemOrdinal,
     status: "failed",
-    title: input.failure.class === "usage_limit" ? "Usage limit reached" : "Provider error",
+    title: providerFailureTitle(input.failure.class, input.failure.code),
     startedAt: input.retryStartedAt ?? input.occurredAt,
     completedAt: input.occurredAt,
     updatedAt: input.occurredAt,
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ export function makeProviderRetryTurnItem(input: {
   if (input.status === "completed") {
     title = "Provider recovered";
   } else if (input.status === "failed") {
-    title = input.failure.class === "usage_limit" ? "Usage limit reached" : "Provider error";
+    title = providerFailureTitle(input.failure.class, input.failure.code);
   } else if (input.status === "interrupted" || input.status === "cancelled") {
     title = "Provider retry stopped";
   }
diff --git a/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2ThreadError.ts b/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2ThreadError.ts
index 5b9940729e2e1..12f9821110a91 100644
--- a/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2ThreadError.ts
+++ b/packages/shared/src/orchestrationV2ThreadError.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ import type {
 } from "@t3tools/contracts";
 import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime";
 
+export function providerFailureTitle(
+  failureClass: OrchestrationV2ProviderFailure["class"] | null | undefined,
+  code: string | null | undefined,
+): string {
+  if (failureClass !== "usage_limit") return "Provider error";
+  // Codex's usage_limit retry exhaustion retains HTTP 429, but loses the upstream reason.
+  return code === "responseTooManyFailedAttempts"
+    ? "Provider rate limit (HTTP 429)"
+    : "Usage limit reached";
+}
+
 type ErrorTurnItem = Extract<OrchestrationV2TurnItem, { type: "error" }>;
 /** Only error items are read, so callers may pass items stripped of other fields. */
 type FailureScanTurnItem =