@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/plugin-auth': patch
+---
+
+fix(plugin-auth): the Console's OAuth Application Type reaches the provider as `application_type`, so a Native client can register a loopback redirect URI (#24773)
+
+Clause-②: no — the declared type now takes effect under the OAuth provider's own redirect-URI rule, an authentication behaviour the maintainer ruled on; nothing published widens.
+
+`POST /api/v1/auth/sys-oauth-application/register` (the Setup → OAuth Applications form) forwarded the form's Application Type as `type`. The provider's `/oauth2/create-client` body declares `application_type` (`web` | `native`) and no `type`, so the value was dropped and every client was judged and stored as `web`. A `native` client therefore could not register a loopback redirect URI such as `http://localhost:4001/callback`, and its `sys_oauth_application.type` read `web`.
+
+- **Now.** `web` and `native` are forwarded as `application_type`, and the provider's own rule decides. A `native` client may use http only on exactly `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` or `[::1]` (any port), and is stored as `native`. A `web` client still needs an https URI on a non-loopback host.
+- **Unchanged, with a warning.** Any other type, including the form's `user-agent-based` and `public`, has no `application_type` in the provider. It keeps today's outcome: registered and judged as `web`, with a client secret. The server now logs one warning per such registration, naming the value. To use a loopback redirect URI, register the client as `native`.
+- **Unchanged.** No type at all is `web`. Refusals keep the codes and statuses they had: `400 OAUTH_REGISTER_FAILED`, with `error.details.upstreamError` `invalid_redirect_uri` when the redirect-URI rule refuses.
@@ -3637,8 +3637,37 @@ export class AuthPlugin implements Plugin {
           return c.json({ success: false, error: { code: 'INVALID_REQUEST', message: 'redirectURLs must contain at least one URL' } }, 400);
         }
 
-        const allowedTypes = new Set(['web', 'native', 'user-agent-based']);
-        const safeType = typeof type === 'string' && allowedTypes.has(type) ? type : 'web';
+        // [#24773] The form's Application Type reaches the provider as the OIDC
+        // `application_type` its `/oauth2/create-client` body declares (`web` |
+        // `native`). It was forwarded as `type`, a member that body does not
+        // declare, so the provider stripped it and judged and stored every
+        // client as `web`: a `native` client could not register the RFC 8252
+        // loopback redirect URI the provider grants native clients. The
+        // provider's own rule is the one authority — `web` needs https on a
+        // non-loopback host, `native` may use http only on exactly `localhost`,
+        // `127.0.0.1` or `[::1]` — and nothing here re-judges a URI.
+        //
+        // Any other value (the form's `user-agent-based` and `public`, which
+        // have no `application_type`, or anything else) keeps the outcome it
+        // always had: registered and judged as `web`. Refusing it would narrow
+        // what this door accepts, and such a narrowing ships its loud half
+        // first (the standing post-GA rule, #6015 `6292005854`): one warning
+        // per registration, naming the value. No type at all is the
+        // provider's own default, `web`, and says nothing.
+        let applicationType: 'web' | 'native' = 'web';
+        if (type === 'web' || type === 'native') {
+          applicationType = type;
+        } else if (type !== undefined && type !== null) {
+          const requestedType = typeof type === 'string' ? type.slice(0, 64) : `(${typeof type})`;
+          ctx.logger.warn(
+            `[AuthPlugin] sys-oauth-application/register: application type ${JSON.stringify(requestedType)} is not ` +
+              "one the OAuth provider judges (it knows 'web' and 'native'), so this client is registered and judged " +
+              "as 'web': https redirect URIs on non-loopback hosts only, and a client secret is issued. Register it " +
+              "as 'web', or as 'native' to use an http://localhost, http://127.0.0.1 or http://[::1] redirect URI. " +
+              'A future major version refuses this value.',
+            { requestedType, registeredAs: 'web' },
+          );
+        }
 
         const authApi: any = await this.authManager!.getApi();
         if (!authApi?.createOAuthClient) {
@@ -3658,7 +3687,7 @@ export class AuthPlugin implements Plugin {
             body: {
               client_name: name.trim(),
               redirect_uris: redirectUris,
-              type: safeType,
+              application_type: applicationType,
             },
             ...inProcessSessionReadInput(c.req.raw.headers),
           });
 
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * [#24773] The Console's Application Type reaches the OAuth provider as the
+ * OIDC `application_type` the provider judges and stores.
+ *
+ * The defect, measured against the installed `@better-auth/oauth-provider`:
+ * `POST /api/v1/auth/sys-oauth-application/register` forwarded the form's
+ * choice as `type`. The provider's `/oauth2/create-client` body declares
+ * `application_type` (`web` | `native`) and no `type`, so the member was
+ * stripped and every registration was judged and stored as `web`. A `native`
+ * client could not register the RFC 8252 loopback redirect URI the provider
+ * grants native clients, and its row read `web`.
+ *
+ * What the door does now:
+ *  - `web` and `native` are forwarded as `application_type`, and the
+ *    provider's own rule applies unchanged: `web` needs https on a non-loopback
+ *    host; `native` may use http only on exactly `localhost`, `127.0.0.1` or
+ *    `[::1]`. Nothing in the door re-judges a URI.
+ *  - Any other value (the form's `user-agent-based` and `public`, which have no
+ *    `application_type`, or anything else) keeps the outcome it always had:
+ *    registered, judged and stored as `web`. It is NOT refused — that would
+ *    narrow what the door accepts — and the server logs exactly ONE warning
+ *    per registration, naming the value.
+ *  - No type at all is the provider's default, `web`, with no warning.
+ *
+ * Driven against REAL better-auth (OIDC provider on) behind the plugin's REAL
+ * route registration on a real Hono app, over a REAL ObjectQL engine on SQLite
+ * with the auth manifest's own objects. "Stored as" is read from the
+ * `sys_oauth_application.type` column at driver level (the column the
+ * provider's `applicationType` maps onto), never from the provider's answer.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeAll, afterAll } from 'vitest';
+import { Hono } from 'hono';
+import { ObjectQL } from '@objectstack/objectql';
+import { SqlDriver } from '@objectstack/driver-sql';
+import { envelopeViolations } from '@objectstack/spec/api';
+import type { PluginContext } from '@objectstack/core';
+import { AuthManager } from './auth-manager';
+import { AuthPlugin } from './auth-plugin';
+import { authIdentityObjects } from './manifest';
+
+const SECRET = 'test-secret-at-least-32-chars-long-24773';
+const PASSWORD = 'S3cure!Passw0rd-24773-type';
+const EMAIL = 'owner.type.24773@example.com';
+const ORIGIN = 'http://localhost:3000';
+const BASE = '/api/v1/auth';
+const DOOR = '/sys-oauth-application/register';
+const CLIENTS = 'sys_oauth_application';
+
+const LOOPBACK = 'http://localhost:4001/callback';
+const LOOPBACK_IP = 'http://127.0.0.1:4001/callback';
+const PLAIN_HTTP = 'http://app.example.com/callback';
+const HTTPS = 'https://app.example.com/callback';
+
+/**
+ * The three authorization objects a real sign-in makes core's
+ * `resolveUserAuthzGrants` read, which the auth manifest does not declare —
+ * spelled locally with only the columns the resolver reads, as
+ * `account-issuer-upgrade-path.test.ts` does, so the sign-in below exercises
+ * its resolver leg instead of reading missing tables.
+ */
+const AUTHZ_OBJECTS = [
+  {
+    name: 'sys_user_position',
+    label: 'User Position',
+    fields: {
+      id: { name: 'id', type: 'text' as const, primaryKey: true },
+      user_id: { name: 'user_id', type: 'text' as const },
+      position: { name: 'position', type: 'text' as const },
+      organization_id: { name: 'organization_id', type: 'text' as const },
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'sys_user_permission_set',
+    label: 'User Permission Set',
+    fields: {
+      id: { name: 'id', type: 'text' as const, primaryKey: true },
+      user_id: { name: 'user_id', type: 'text' as const },
+      permission_set_id: { name: 'permission_set_id', type: 'text' as const },
+      organization_id: { name: 'organization_id', type: 'text' as const },
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: 'sys_position',
+    label: 'Position',
+    fields: {
+      id: { name: 'id', type: 'text' as const, primaryKey: true },
+      name: { name: 'name', type: 'text' as const },
+      label: { name: 'label', type: 'text' as const },
+      active: { name: 'active', type: 'boolean' as const },
+      organization_id: { name: 'organization_id', type: 'text' as const },
+    },
+  },
+];
+
+const warn = vi.fn();
+const mockCtx = (): PluginContext =>
+  ({
+    registerService: vi.fn(),
+    getService: vi.fn((name: string) => (name === 'manifest' ? { register: vi.fn() } : undefined)),
+    getServices: vi.fn(() => new Map()),
+    hook: vi.fn(),
+    trigger: vi.fn(),
+    logger: { info: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn(), warn, debug: vi.fn() },
+    getKernel: vi.fn(),
+  }) as unknown as PluginContext;
+
+let engine: ObjectQL;
+let manager: AuthManager;
+let app: Hono;
+let cookie: string;
+
+type Row = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+/** Every stored client, read at DRIVER level — below every engine read mask. */
+async function storedClients(): Promise<Row[]> {
+  const driver = (
+    engine as unknown as { getDriver(o: string): { find(o: string, q: unknown): Promise<unknown> } }
+  ).getDriver(CLIENTS);
+  const found = await driver.find(CLIENTS, { where: {} });
+  return (Array.isArray(found) ? found : [found]).filter(Boolean) as Row[];
+}
+
+async function storedClient(clientId: unknown): Promise<Row> {
+  const rows = (await storedClients()).filter((row) => row.client_id === clientId);
+  expect(rows, `exactly one stored row for client ${String(clientId)}`).toHaveLength(1);
+  return rows[0];
+}
+
+type Answer = {
+  success: boolean;
+  data?: { client?: { client_id?: unknown; application_type?: unknown } };
+  error?: { code: string; message: string; details?: { upstreamError?: string } };
+};
+
+/**
+ * One registration through the door. Returns the answer and the warnings the
+ * plugin logged while serving THIS request (the mock is cleared first).
+ */
+async function register(body: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  warn.mockClear();
+  const res = await app.request(`${ORIGIN}${BASE}${DOOR}`, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json', origin: ORIGIN, cookie },
+    body: JSON.stringify(body),
+  });
+  const json = (await res.json()) as Answer;
+  return { status: res.status, body: json, warnings: [...warn.mock.calls] };
+}
+
+/** Accepted: 200, a minted client, its row stored with `type`. */
+async function expectStoredAs(answer: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof register>>, storedType: 'web' | 'native') {
+  expect(answer.status, JSON.stringify(answer.body)).toBe(200);
+  expect(envelopeViolations(answer.body)).toEqual([]);
+  expect(answer.body.success).toBe(true);
+  const clientId = answer.body.data?.client?.client_id;
+  expect(typeof clientId).toBe('string');
+  const row = await storedClient(clientId);
+  expect(row.type, `stored row: ${JSON.stringify(row)}`).toBe(storedType);
+  return row;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Refused by the provider: ADR-0112 `code` + `status`, nothing stored. A
+ * refusal from the provider's redirect-URI rule names `invalid_redirect_uri`
+ * in `details`; one from its body schema (a numeric-status `ValidationError`)
+ * carries no upstream discriminator.
+ */
+async function expectRefused(
+  answer: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof register>>,
+  rowsBefore: number,
+  refusedBy: 'redirect-uri-rule' | 'body-schema' = 'redirect-uri-rule',
+) {
+  expect(answer.status, JSON.stringify(answer.body)).toBe(400);
+  expect(envelopeViolations(answer.body)).toEqual([]);
+  expect(answer.body.success).toBe(false);
+  expect(answer.body.error?.code).toBe('OAUTH_REGISTER_FAILED');
+  expect(answer.body.error?.details?.upstreamError).toBe(
+    refusedBy === 'redirect-uri-rule' ? 'invalid_redirect_uri' : undefined,
+  );
+  expect((await storedClients()).length, 'a refused registration wrote a client row').toBe(rowsBefore);
+}
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+  vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+
+  engine = new ObjectQL();
+  engine.registerDriver(
+    new SqlDriver({ client: 'better-sqlite3', connection: { filename: ':memory:' }, useNullAsDefault: true }),
+    true,
+  );
+  await engine.init();
+  for (const object of authIdentityObjects) {
+    engine.registry.registerObject(object as never, '@objectstack/plugin-auth');
+  }
+  for (const object of AUTHZ_OBJECTS) {
+    engine.registry.registerObject(object as never, '@objectstack/plugin-security');
+  }
+  await engine.syncSchemas();
+
+  manager = new AuthManager({
+    secret: SECRET,
+    baseUrl: ORIGIN,
+    dataEngine: engine as never,
+    plugins: { oidcProvider: true },
+  } as unknown as ConstructorParameters<typeof AuthManager>[0]);
+
+  const direct = (path: string, body: unknown) =>
+    manager.handleRequest(
+      new Request(`${ORIGIN}${BASE}${path}`, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', origin: ORIGIN },
+        body: JSON.stringify(body),
+      }),
+    );
+  const signUp = await direct('/sign-up/email', { email: EMAIL, password: PASSWORD, name: 'Client Owner' });
+  expect(signUp.status, `sign-up: ${await signUp.clone().text()}`).toBe(200);
+  const signIn = await direct('/sign-in/email', { email: EMAIL, password: PASSWORD });
+  expect(signIn.status, `sign-in: ${await signIn.clone().text()}`).toBe(200);
+  const staged = signIn.headers.getSetCookie().find((c) => /(?:^|\.)session_token=/.test(c.split(';')[0]));
+  if (!staged) throw new Error('sign-in staged no session cookie');
+  cookie = staged.split(';')[0];
+
+  app = new Hono();
+  const ctx = mockCtx();
+  const plugin = new AuthPlugin({ secret: SECRET });
+  await plugin.init(ctx);
+  (plugin as unknown as { authManager: AuthManager }).authManager = manager;
+  (plugin as unknown as {
+    registerAuthRoutes(server: unknown, ctx: PluginContext): void;
+  }).registerAuthRoutes({ getRawApp: () => app, getPort: () => 0 }, ctx);
+}, 60_000);
+
+afterAll(async () => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  await (engine as unknown as { destroy?(): Promise<void> })?.destroy?.();
+});
+
+describe('[#24773] precondition — the provider judges `application_type`, and strips `type`', () => {
+  // Without these, a provider that started reading `type` (or stopped granting
+  // native clients the loopback rule) would let the door pins below pass or
+  // fail for a reason that is not the door.
+  const createClient = async (body: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    const api = (await manager.getApi()) as unknown as { createOAuthClient(input: unknown): Promise<unknown> };
+    return api
+      .createOAuthClient({ body: { client_name: 'precondition', ...body }, headers: new Headers({ cookie }) })
+      .then(
+        (client) => ({ client: client as { client_id?: unknown }, refusal: undefined }),
+        (e: unknown) => ({ client: undefined, refusal: e as { body?: { error?: unknown } } }),
+      );
+  };
+
+  it('`type: "native"` is stripped: a loopback redirect URI is refused under the web rule', async () => {
+    const { client, refusal } = await createClient({ type: 'native', redirect_uris: [LOOPBACK] });
+    expect(client, 'the provider honoured `type` — the defect this file pins no longer exists as measured').toBeUndefined();
+    expect(refusal?.body?.error).toBe('invalid_redirect_uri');
+  });
+
+  it('`application_type: "native"` is honoured: the same loopback URI is accepted and stored as native', async () => {
+    const { client, refusal } = await createClient({ application_type: 'native', redirect_uris: [LOOPBACK] });
+    expect(refusal, JSON.stringify(refusal?.body)).toBeUndefined();
+    expect((await storedClient(client?.client_id)).type).toBe('native');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('[#24773] web and native reach the provider as `application_type`', () => {
+  it('web + http://localhost: refused by the provider\'s web rule — 400 OAUTH_REGISTER_FAILED, nothing stored, no warning', async () => {
+    const before = (await storedClients()).length;
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Local Web', redirectURLs: LOOPBACK, type: 'web' });
+    await expectRefused(answer, before);
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([LOOPBACK, LOOPBACK_IP])('native + %s: accepted and stored as native, no warning', async (uri) => {
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Local Native', redirectURLs: uri, type: 'native' });
+    await expectStoredAs(answer, 'native');
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('native + plain http on a non-loopback host: refused (the provider\'s body schema) — 400, nothing stored', async () => {
+    // The provider's `SafeUrlSchema` requires https except on loopback hosts,
+    // for every application type, before its per-type rule runs.
+    const before = (await storedClients()).length;
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Remote Native', redirectURLs: PLAIN_HTTP, type: 'native' });
+    await expectRefused(answer, before, 'body-schema');
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('native + http on a loopback-range host that is not exactly localhost / 127.0.0.1 / [::1]: refused by the provider\'s native rule', async () => {
+    const before = (await storedClients()).length;
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Near Native', redirectURLs: 'http://127.0.0.2:4001/callback', type: 'native' });
+    await expectRefused(answer, before);
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('web + https on a non-loopback host: accepted and stored as web, no warning', async () => {
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Production', redirectURLs: HTTPS, type: 'web' });
+    await expectStoredAs(answer, 'web');
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('no type: the provider\'s default, web — stored as web, no warning', async () => {
+    const answer = await register({ name: 'Untyped', redirectURLs: HTTPS });
+    await expectStoredAs(answer, 'web');
+    expect(answer.warnings).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe('[#24773] a type the provider has no `application_type` for keeps today\'s outcome, with one warning', () => {
+  const UNHONOURED = ['user-agent-based', 'public', 'spa'] as const;
+
+  it.each(UNHONOURED)('%s + https: accepted and stored as web; exactly one warning naming the value', async (type) => {
+    const answer = await register({ name: `Typed ${type}`, redirectURLs: HTTPS, type });
+    const row = await expectStoredAs(answer, 'web');
+    // The form's value is stored nowhere on the row, and no public client
+    // (no secret) was issued for `public`.
+    expect(Object.entries(row).filter(([, value]) => value === type)).toEqual([]);
+    expect(row.public === true || row.public === 1, 'the door registered a public client').toBe(false);
+    expect(row.token_endpoint_auth_method).not.toBe('none');
+    expect(answer.warnings).toHaveLength(1);
+    const [, meta] = answer.warnings[0] as [string, Record<string, unknown>];
+    expect(meta).toEqual({ requestedType: type, registeredAs: 'web' });
+  });
+
+  it.each(UNHONOURED)('%s + http://localhost: judged as web — refused, nothing stored; exactly one warning', async (type) => {
+    const before = (await storedClients()).length;
+    const answer = await register({ name: `Local ${type}`, redirectURLs: LOOPBACK, type });
+    await expectRefused(answer, before);
+    expect(answer.warnings).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});