@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/spec': minor
+---
+
+feat(spec)!: a `type: 'url'` action's `target` declares its closed scheme set — `http://`, `https://`, `mailto:` and in-app paths — and refuses every other target at parse
+
+Clause-②: no (narrowing)
+
+<!-- adr-0087: registered ui-action-url-target-scheme-set-closed -->
+
+**BREAKING** — an accept-set narrowing on a published authoring surface, shipped as `minor` under the launch-window convention for accept-set narrowings.
+
+`target` was a free string on every action type, so a url action whose target the console's action runner refuses — `javascript:`, `data:`, `tel:`, a protocol-relative `//host` — parsed clean, published, and failed only at the click. The scheme set is now stated once in the contract and the runtime opens exactly that set. On both url-action doors, `ActionSchema` (a registered action) and `InlineActionSchema` (an inline action, such as `element:button`'s `action`, including the legacy `type: 'navigation'` + `to` spelling), a `type: 'url'` target must be one of:
+
+- an `http://` or `https://` URL (the scheme compared case-insensitively);
+- a `mailto:` address;
+- an in-app path that starts with `/` or `./`;
+- a template that opens with `${` (`${ctx.origin}/x`, `${param.url}`), judged by the runner after interpolation, at the click.
+
+Every other target is refused at `target`, with a message that names the reason and the admitted set. `target` on every other action type (`script`, `flow`, `modal`, `api`, `form`) names a handler, flow, page, endpoint or form and is untouched, and so are interpolation and `openIn`.
+
+### FROM → TO
+
+| before | what to write instead |
+| --- | --- |
+| `target: 'javascript:…'` or `target: 'data:…'` | no url target runs or renders content. Move the work to a `type: 'script'` action (an inline `body`), or link to an `https://` page. |
+| `target: 'tel:+1…'`, `target: 'ftp://…'` or any other scheme | an `https://` page that offers it, or a `mailto:` address. `tel:` is not admitted. |
+| `target: 'https:example.com'` (no `//`) | `target: 'https://example.com'` |
+| `target: '//cdn.example.com/x'` (protocol-relative) | `target: 'https://cdn.example.com/x'` for an external link, or `target: '/x'` for an in-app path |
+| `target: '/\example.com'` (`/` then a backslash) | `target: 'https://example.com'`, or an in-app path written with forward slashes |
+| a target holding a tab, line feed or carriage return | the same target without them; percent-encode one that belongs in the address (`%09`, `%0A`, `%0D`) |
+| `target: 'thanks'`, `'../thanks'`, `'?tab=2'`, `'#top'` | the rooted in-app path, `target: '/thanks'`, or a `./` path |
+
+**The one-line fix: give every `type: 'url'` action an `http(s)://` URL, a `mailto:` address, or an in-app path that starts with `/` or `./`.** `os migrate meta --from 17` lists the D3 entry `ui-action-url-target-scheme-set-closed`; the rewrite is by hand, because which address a refused target meant is the author's call.
+
+**What an author now sees.** `os validate`, `os build`, `defineAction` and `defineStack` refuse such a target at `target`. For example, `javascript:alert(1)` gets: ``A `type: 'url'` action's `target` opens with `javascript:`, a scheme a url target never opens.``, followed by the reason and the admitted set. Every admitted target parses unchanged.
+
+**Measured producers: none outside tests.** Every url-action target written outside tests is admitted: 9 sites in this repository at `df7a137923` (the showcase's `https://objectstack.ai` among them), and 8 in objectui at both its pin `9646e2ed2bf3` and its main `7578323`. One test fixture in `@objectstack/spec` gave the url arm of an all-types loop a bare `test_handler`; it now writes `/test_handler`.
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ const result = ApiMethod.parse(data);
 | **locations** | `Enum<'list_toolbar' \| 'list_item' \| 'record_header' \| 'record_more' \| …>[]` | optional | Locations where this action is visible |
 | **component** | `Enum<'action:button' \| 'action:icon' \| 'action:menu' \| 'action:group'>` | optional | Visual component override |
 | **type** | `Enum<'script' \| 'url' \| 'modal' \| 'flow' \| 'api' \| 'form'>` | optional (default: `"script"`) | Action functionality type — the dispatch route. The declarative single-record field write is not a type: it is `operation: 'update'` + `patch` on the default `script` route. |
-| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. |
+| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. For type:'url': an http:// or https:// URL, a mailto: address, or an in-app path starting with / or ./ — every other scheme and a protocol-relative //host are refused. |
 | **openIn** | `Enum<'self' \| 'new-tab'>` | optional | For type:'url' — where to open `target`. 'new-tab' opens a new browser tab; 'self' navigates in place. When omitted, external/absolute URLs open in a new tab and relative URLs navigate in place. Static execution option — keep it OUT of `params` (which is user-input-collection only). |
 | **body** | `{ language: 'expression'; source: string } \| { language: 'js'; source: string; capabilities?: Enum<'api.read' \| 'api.write' \| 'api.transaction' \| 'crypto.uuid' \| 'log'>[]; timeoutMs?: integer; … }` | optional | Action body — expression (L1) or sandboxed JS (L2). Only used when type is `script`. |
 | **operation** | `Enum<'update'>` | optional | The declarative single-record field write, mirroring a list view's `bulkActionDefs`: `'update'` applies `patch` (merged under the collected `params`) to the current record on the data plane AS THE CALLER — never system-elevated — so the caller's permissions, the object's hooks and its validations fire as for a user edit. `type` stays at its default `'script'` (the platform action route the write is performed on); `target`/`body`/`method`/`bodyExtra` are refused beside it. `'delete'` and `'custom'` have no row-level form. |
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ const result = MetadataBulkResultSchema.parse(data);
 | **locations** | `Enum<'list_toolbar' \| 'list_item' \| 'record_header' \| 'record_more' \| …>[]` | optional | Locations where this action is visible |
 | **component** | `Enum<'action:button' \| 'action:icon' \| 'action:menu' \| 'action:group'>` | optional | Visual component override |
 | **type** | `Enum<'script' \| 'url' \| 'modal' \| 'flow' \| 'api' \| 'form'>` | optional (default: `"script"`) | Action functionality type — the dispatch route. The declarative single-record field write is not a type: it is `operation: 'update'` + `patch` on the default `script` route. |
-| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. |
+| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. For type:'url': an http:// or https:// URL, a mailto: address, or an in-app path starting with / or ./ — every other scheme and a protocol-relative //host are refused. |
 | **openIn** | `Enum<'self' \| 'new-tab'>` | optional | For type:'url' — where to open `target`. 'new-tab' opens a new browser tab; 'self' navigates in place. When omitted, external/absolute URLs open in a new tab and relative URLs navigate in place. Static execution option — keep it OUT of `params` (which is user-input-collection only). |
 | **body** | `{ language: 'expression'; source: string } \| { language: 'js'; source: string; capabilities?: Enum<'api.read' \| 'api.write' \| 'api.transaction' \| 'crypto.uuid' \| 'log'>[]; timeoutMs?: integer; … }` | optional | Action body — expression (L1) or sandboxed JS (L2). Only used when type is `script`. |
 | **operation** | `Enum<'update'>` | optional | The declarative single-record field write, mirroring a list view's `bulkActionDefs`: `'update'` applies `patch` (merged under the collected `params`) to the current record on the data plane AS THE CALLER — never system-elevated — so the caller's permissions, the object's hooks and its validations fire as for a user edit. `type` stays at its default `'script'` (the platform action route the write is performed on); `target`/`body`/`method`/`bodyExtra` are refused beside it. `'delete'` and `'custom'` have no row-level form. |
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const result = ActionSchema.parse(data);
 | **locations** | `Enum<'list_toolbar' \| 'list_item' \| 'record_header' \| 'record_more' \| 'record_related' \| 'record_section'>[]` | optional | Locations where this action is visible |
 | **component** | `Enum<'action:button' \| 'action:icon' \| 'action:menu' \| 'action:group'>` | optional | Visual component override |
 | **type** | `Enum<'script' \| 'url' \| 'modal' \| 'flow' \| 'api' \| 'form'>` | optional (default: `"script"`) | Action functionality type — the dispatch route. The declarative single-record field write is not a type: it is `operation: 'update'` + `patch` on the default `script` route. |
-| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. |
+| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. For type:'url': an http:// or https:// URL, a mailto: address, or an in-app path starting with / or ./ — every other scheme and a protocol-relative //host are refused. |
 | **openIn** | `Enum<'self' \| 'new-tab'>` | optional | For type:'url' — where to open `target`. 'new-tab' opens a new browser tab; 'self' navigates in place. When omitted, external/absolute URLs open in a new tab and relative URLs navigate in place. Static execution option — keep it OUT of `params` (which is user-input-collection only). |
 | **body** | `{ language: 'expression'; source: string } \| { language: 'js'; source: string; capabilities?: Enum<'api.read' \| 'api.write' \| 'api.transaction' \| 'crypto.uuid' \| 'log'>[]; timeoutMs?: integer; … }` | optional | Action body — expression (L1) or sandboxed JS (L2). Only used when type is `script`. |
 | **operation** | `Enum<'update'>` | optional | The declarative single-record field write, mirroring a list view's `bulkActionDefs`: `'update'` applies `patch` (merged under the collected `params`) to the current record on the data plane AS THE CALLER — never system-elevated — so the caller's permissions, the object's hooks and its validations fire as for a user edit. `type` stays at its default `'script'` (the platform action route the write is performed on); `target`/`body`/`method`/`bodyExtra` are refused beside it. `'delete'` and `'custom'` have no row-level form. |
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ L2 sandboxed JS body — runs inside an isolated VM with declared capabilities
 | **type** | `Enum<'script' \| 'url' \| 'modal' \| 'flow' \| 'api' \| 'form'>` | optional (default: `"script"`) | Action functionality type — the dispatch route. The declarative single-record field write is not a type: it is `operation: 'update'` + `patch` on the default `script` route. |
 | **name** | `string` | optional | Machine name (lowercase snake_case) |
 | **label** | `string \| Record<string, string>` | optional | Display label |
-| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. |
+| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. For type:'url': an http:// or https:// URL, a mailto: address, or an in-app path starting with / or ./ — every other scheme and a protocol-relative //host are refused. |
 | **openIn** | `Enum<'self' \| 'new-tab'>` | optional | For type:'url' — where to open `target`. 'new-tab' opens a new browser tab; 'self' navigates in place. When omitted, external/absolute URLs open in a new tab and relative URLs navigate in place. Static execution option — keep it OUT of `params` (which is user-input-collection only). |
 | **method** | `Enum<'POST' \| 'PATCH' \| 'PUT' \| 'DELETE'>` | optional | HTTP method for type:"api" actions. Defaults to POST. |
 | **params** | `{ name?: string; field?: string; objectOverride?: string; label?: string \| Record<string, string>; … }[]` | optional | Input parameters required from user — an ActionParam[] DEFINITION array, never a payload map (a static request body goes in `bodyExtra`). |
 
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ const result = ActionButtonPropsSchema.parse(data);
 | **type** | `Enum<'script' \| 'url' \| 'modal' \| 'flow' \| 'api' \| 'form'>` | optional (default: `"script"`) | Action functionality type — the dispatch route. The declarative single-record field write is not a type: it is `operation: 'update'` + `patch` on the default `script` route. |
 | **name** | `string` | optional | Machine name (lowercase snake_case) |
 | **label** | `string \| Record<string, string>` | optional | Display label |
-| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. |
+| **target** | `string` | optional | URL, Script Name, Flow ID, or API Endpoint. Supports $`{param.X}` and $`{ctx.X}` interpolation. For type:'url': an http:// or https:// URL, a mailto: address, or an in-app path starting with / or ./ — every other scheme and a protocol-relative //host are refused. |
 | **openIn** | `Enum<'self' \| 'new-tab'>` | optional | For type:'url' — where to open `target`. 'new-tab' opens a new browser tab; 'self' navigates in place. When omitted, external/absolute URLs open in a new tab and relative URLs navigate in place. Static execution option — keep it OUT of `params` (which is user-input-collection only). |
 | **method** | `Enum<'POST' \| 'PATCH' \| 'PUT' \| 'DELETE'>` | optional | HTTP method for type:"api" actions. Defaults to POST. |
 | **params** | `{ name?: string; field?: string; objectOverride?: string; label?: string \| Record<string, string>; … }[]` | optional | Input parameters required from user — an ActionParam[] DEFINITION array, never a payload map (a static request body goes in `bodyExtra`). |
 
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+import type { SemanticMigration } from '../../types.js';
+
+export const entry: SemanticMigration = {
+  id: 'ui-action-url-target-scheme-set-closed',
+  surface: "the `target` of a `type: 'url'` action — on a registered `action` document and on an "
+    + 'inline action (`element:button`\'s `action`, including the legacy `type: \'navigation\'` + `to` '
+    + 'spelling) — that the console\'s action runner does not open: a scheme other than `http:`, '
+    + '`https:` or `mailto:` (`javascript:`, `data:`, `tel:` and every other), `http:` or `https:` '
+    + 'without the `//`, a protocol-relative `//host`, `/` followed by a backslash, a tab / line feed '
+    + '/ carriage return anywhere, or a bare relative target with no leading `/` or `./`',
+  replacement: 'an `http://` or `https://` URL, a `mailto:` address, an in-app path that starts '
+    + 'with `/` or `./`, or a template that opens with `${` (judged after interpolation, at the '
+    + 'click). ⛔ NOT mechanically convertible: a bare `thanks` may mean `/thanks` or `./thanks`, '
+    + '`//cdn.example.com/x` may mean `https:` or an in-app path, and a `tel:` or `javascript:` '
+    + 'button has no admitted equivalent at all — the author chooses the address they meant, or '
+    + "moves the work to a different action type (a `type: 'script'` handler, a `type: 'api'` call)",
+  reason:
+    'The key was a free string on every action type, so a url action whose target the runner '
+    + 'refuses parsed clean, published, and failed only at the click — the declared-but-not-'
+    + 'delivered shape. The runner opens a closed set of targets, and the door now admits exactly '
+    + 'that set and refuses the rest at parse, with a per-reason message that names the admitted '
+    + 'set. No measured producer writes a refused target: the instrument read every url-action '
+    + 'target in this repository and in objectui at its pin and at its main, and found only '
+    + 'admitted ones outside tests — so the entry is owed for targets authored outside them.',
+  acceptanceCriteria:
+    "Every `type: 'url'` action — registered or inline — carries a target that opens with "
+    + '`http://`, `https://` or `mailto:` (case-insensitive), starts with `/` (not `//`, not `/` '
+    + 'followed by a backslash) or `./`, or opens with `${`; and none holds a tab, line feed or '
+    + 'carriage return. Every admitted target parses byte-identically to before, and `target` on '
+    + "every other action type is untouched. `os validate` reports nothing at `target` for any "
+    + 'url action in the stack.',
+};