@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/spec': minor
+'@objectstack/metadata-core': minor
+'@objectstack/platform-objects': patch
+---
+
+fix(spec)!: the `Field.select` string shorthand keeps every character it does not document transforming, so an option such as `'no-overlay'` is refused instead of being declared as a different value
+
+Clause-②: no (narrowing: a `Field.select` shorthand string the helper used to rewrite silently, e.g. `'no-overlay'` → `nooverlay`, is refused instead)
+
+Metadata-protocol: narrowed
+
+<!-- adr-0087: registered field-select-shorthand-keeps-written-value -->
+
+**BREAKING** (a TypeScript author's shorthand that used to be rewritten is now refused), shipped as `minor` under the launch-window convention for breaking changes.
+
+`Field.select(['a', 'b'])` and `Field.select({ options: ['a', 'b'] })` build each option as `{ label: s, value: … }`. The value used to be the string lower-cased, with whitespace turned into `_`, and then with every character outside `a-z`, `0-9` and `_` deleted. That last step was undocumented and silent: `'no-overlay'` became `nooverlay`, `'user-agent-based'` became `useragentbased`, `'v1.2'` became `v12`, and the field declared a value its author never wrote, so a record written with the value as written was refused with `invalid_option`.
+
+- **FROM:** a shorthand string is lower-cased, whitespace becomes `_`, and every other character outside `a-z0-9_` is deleted. `Field.select(['no-overlay'])` declares the option value `nooverlay`, and the object loads.
+- **TO:** a shorthand string is lower-cased and whitespace becomes `_`, nothing else. `Field.select(['no-overlay'])` declares `no-overlay`, which is not a system identifier, so the object is refused by the rule an explicit `{ value: 'no-overlay' }` already met: `ObjectSchema.create` throws a `ZodError` at module load with `invalid_format` at `fields.FIELD.options.N.value` and the message `System identifier must be lowercase, starting with a letter, and may contain letters, numbers, underscores, or dots`, and the object save door answers `422 INVALID_METADATA` with the same finding. A dot is now kept (`'v1.2'` declares `v1.2`, which is a valid identifier).
+- **Unchanged:** `Field.select(['In Progress', 'Closed Won'])` still declares `in_progress` and `closed_won`. An explicit option's value is still lower-cased. `SelectOptionSchema.value` accepts and refuses exactly what it did before.
+- **The fix:** write such an option explicitly, with the value you will store: `Field.select({ options: [{ label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no_overlay' }] })`. If rows already hold the hyphenated spelling, the column is not a select: declare it as `Field.text({ maxLength: 255 })`.
+
+`@objectstack/metadata-core`: `sys_metadata_audit.lock_state` was the one in-tree column relying on the strip. It declared the options `none`, `nooverlay`, `nodelete` and `full`, while its writer stores the `MetadataLock` spelling (`none`, `no-overlay`, `no-delete`, `full`), so no `no-overlay` or `no-delete` row ever matched a declared option. It is now `Field.text({ maxLength: 255 })`, read-only as before. `GET /api/v1/meta/object/sys_metadata_audit` serves `lock_state` as `type: 'text'` with `maxLength: 255` and no `options`. No stored row is rewritten, the writer and reader are unchanged, and an existing `varchar(255)` column reports no schema drift on postgres, mysql or sqlite.
+
+`@objectstack/platform-objects`: the translation bundles drop the four `sys_metadata_audit.lock_state` option labels (`none`, `nooverlay`, `nodelete`, `full`), which the column no longer declares. The field label stays translated.
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * #25013 — `sys_metadata_audit.lock_state` declares a column that holds the
+ * value its writer stores.
+ *
+ * The writer (`metadata-protocol` `protocol.ts`, `lock_state: entry.lockState
+ * ?? 'none'`) stores a `MetadataLock` as spelled — `no-overlay`, `no-delete`.
+ * The column used to be `Field.select([...])`, whose shorthand stripped the
+ * hyphen and declared `nooverlay` / `nodelete`, values no row ever held. A
+ * select option value is a system identifier, which holds no hyphen, so the
+ * column is text, and the closed set stays with `MetadataLockSchema`.
+ */
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { ObjectSchema, SelectOptionSchema } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
+import { MetadataLockSchema } from '@objectstack/spec/kernel';
+import { SysMetadataAuditObject } from './sys-metadata-audit.object.js';
+
+describe('sys_metadata_audit.lock_state (#25013)', () => {
+  const field = SysMetadataAuditObject.fields.lock_state as Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  it('is a text column with no option list of its own, as wide as the select column was', () => {
+    expect(field.type).toBe('text');
+    expect(field).not.toHaveProperty('options');
+    // The `varchar(255)` a select column is created as: an existing database
+    // reports no drift (no `maxLength` would read as varchar → text).
+    expect(field.maxLength).toBe(255);
+    expect(field.readonly).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('the writer stores values a select option could not declare — which is why it is not a select', () => {
+    const undeclarable = MetadataLockSchema.options.filter(
+      (lock) => !SelectOptionSchema.safeParse({ label: lock, value: lock }).success,
+    );
+    expect(undeclarable).toEqual(['no-overlay', 'no-delete']);
+  });
+
+  it('the object still parses as a whole', () => {
+    expect(ObjectSchema.safeParse(SysMetadataAuditObject).success).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
@@ -186,11 +186,23 @@ export const SysMetadataAuditObject = ObjectSchema.create({
      * item carried no `_lock`). Captured even on `allowed` rows so
      * later compliance queries can see "what was the lock state when
      * this write succeeded".
+     *
+     * A text column, not a select: the writer stores the `MetadataLock`
+     * spelling as is (`none` | `no-overlay` | `no-delete` | `full`), and a
+     * select option value is a system identifier, which holds no hyphen. The
+     * `Field.select([...])` shorthand used to strip the hyphen, declaring
+     * `nooverlay` / `nodelete` — values no row ever held (#25013). Like `code`
+     * above, the closed set lives with its writer (`MetadataLockSchema`).
+     * `maxLength: 255` is the `varchar(255)` the select column was created
+     * as, so an existing database reports no drift: measured with
+     * `diffManagedTable` on postgres / mysql / sqlite, no `maxLength` reads as a
+     * varchar → text type change and a narrower one as a destructive narrowing.
      */
-    lock_state: Field.select(['none', 'no-overlay', 'no-delete', 'full'], {
+    lock_state: Field.text({
       label: 'Lock State',
       required: false,
       readonly: true,
+      maxLength: 255,
     }),
 
     /** True when the write succeeded by bypassing a lock (Phase 3). */
 
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+
+/**
+ * #25013 — a `Field.select` shorthand string that is no system identifier is
+ * refused at the object save door, by the refusal an explicit option value
+ * already meets.
+ *
+ * The shorthand (`packages/spec` `selectWithOptions`) used to delete every
+ * character outside `[a-z0-9_]`, so `Field.select(['no-overlay'])` declared
+ * the value `nooverlay` — a different value than the one written, accepted
+ * without a word. It now only lower-cases and joins whitespace with `_`, so
+ * the written value reaches `SelectOptionSchema.value` and `saveMetaItem`
+ * answers `422 INVALID_METADATA` naming the option slot, exactly as for
+ * `{ label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no-overlay' }`.
+ */
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { assertEngineDeleteDispatch, assertEngineUpdateDispatch, assertEngineFindOnePredicate, type EngineFindOneQueryInput } from '@objectstack/metadata-core';
+import { Field } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
+import { ObjectStackProtocolImplementation } from './protocol.js';
+
+/** The engine surface the repository write path touches (as the container-issue-descent harness). */
+function makeProtocol() {
+    const rows = new Map<string, Record<string, unknown>>();
+    let nextId = 0;
+    const engine: any = {
+        async findOne(object: string, query?: EngineFindOneQueryInput) {
+            assertEngineFindOnePredicate(object, query); return null; },
+        async find() { return []; },
+        async insert(table: string, data: Record<string, unknown>) {
+            nextId += 1;
+            if (table === 'sys_metadata') rows.set(`${data.type}|${data.name}`, data);
+            return { id: `r_${nextId}` };
+        },
+        async update(_t: string, data: Record<string, unknown>, opts?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+            assertEngineUpdateDispatch(data, opts);
+            return { id: null };
+        },
+        async delete(_t: string, opts?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+            assertEngineDeleteDispatch(opts);
+            return { deleted: 0 };
+        },
+        registry: { registerItem: () => {}, registerObject: () => {} },
+    };
+    const protocol: any = new ObjectStackProtocolImplementation(engine, () => new Map());
+    return { protocol, rows };
+}
+
+async function rejection(promise: Promise<unknown>): Promise<any> {
+    try {
+        await promise;
+    } catch (err) {
+        return err;
+    }
+    throw new Error('expected the save to be rejected, but it resolved');
+}
+
+const objectWith = (status: unknown) => ({
+    name: 'ticket',
+    label: 'Ticket',
+    sharingModel: 'private',
+    fields: { status: { name: 'status', label: 'Status', ...(status as object) } },
+});
+
+describe('#25013 the save door refuses a shorthand option that is no system identifier', () => {
+    it('`Field.select([\'open\', \'no-overlay\'])` answers 422 INVALID_METADATA at the option slot, and nothing is stored', async () => {
+        const { protocol, rows } = makeProtocol();
+
+        const err = await rejection(protocol.saveMetaItem({
+            type: 'object', name: 'ticket', item: objectWith(Field.select(['open', 'no-overlay'])),
+        }));
+
+        expect(err.code).toBe('INVALID_METADATA');
+        expect(err.status).toBe(422);
+        expect(err.issues).toEqual([
+            expect.objectContaining({ path: 'fields.status.options.1.value', code: 'invalid_format' }),
+        ]);
+        expect(rows.size).toBe(0);
+    });
+
+    it('the explicit `{ value: \'no-overlay\' }` meets the identical refusal — one refusal set, not two', async () => {
+        const shorthand = await rejection(makeProtocol().protocol.saveMetaItem({
+            type: 'object', name: 'ticket', item: objectWith(Field.select(['open', 'no-overlay'])),
+        }));
+        const explicit = await rejection(makeProtocol().protocol.saveMetaItem({
+            type: 'object', name: 'ticket',
+            item: objectWith(Field.select({ options: ['open', { label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no-overlay' }] })),
+        }));
+
+        expect([explicit.code, explicit.status]).toEqual(['INVALID_METADATA', 422]);
+        expect(shorthand.issues).toEqual(explicit.issues);
+    });
+
+    it('control: the documented transform still saves (`In Progress` → `in_progress`)', async () => {
+        const { protocol, rows } = makeProtocol();
+
+        const result = await protocol.saveMetaItem({
+            type: 'object', name: 'ticket', item: objectWith(Field.select(['Open', 'In Progress'])),
+        });
+
+        expect(result.success).toBe(true);
+        expect(rows.size).toBe(1);
+    });
+});
@@ -3245,13 +3245,7 @@ export const enObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
         label: "Code"
       },
       lock_state: {
-        label: "Lock State",
-        options: {
-          none: "none",
-          nooverlay: "no-overlay",
-          nodelete: "no-delete",
-          full: "full"
-        }
+        label: "Lock State"
       },
       lock_overridden: {
         label: "Lock Overridden"
 
@@ -3245,13 +3245,7 @@ export const esESObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
         label: "Código"
       },
       lock_state: {
-        label: "Estado de bloqueo",
-        options: {
-          none: "Ninguno",
-          nooverlay: "Sin superposición",
-          nodelete: "Sin eliminación",
-          full: "Bloqueo total"
-        }
+        label: "Estado de bloqueo"
       },
       lock_overridden: {
         label: "Bloqueo anulado"
 
@@ -3245,13 +3245,7 @@ export const jaJPObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
         label: "コード"
       },
       lock_state: {
-        label: "ロック状態",
-        options: {
-          none: "なし",
-          nooverlay: "オーバーレイ禁止",
-          nodelete: "削除禁止",
-          full: "完全ロック"
-        }
+        label: "ロック状態"
       },
       lock_overridden: {
         label: "ロックの上書き"
 
@@ -3245,13 +3245,7 @@ export const zhCNObjects: NonNullable<TranslationData['objects']> = {
         label: "代码"
       },
       lock_state: {
-        label: "锁定状态",
-        options: {
-          none: "无",
-          nooverlay: "禁止叠加",
-          nodelete: "禁止删除",
-          full: "完全锁定"
-        }
+        label: "锁定状态"
       },
       lock_overridden: {
         label: "锁定已被覆盖"
 
@@ -1485,6 +1485,49 @@ describe('Field Factory Helpers', () => {
       expect(selectField.options[1]).toEqual({ label: 'Inactive', value: 'inactive' });
       expect(selectField.options[2]).toEqual({ label: 'Pending', value: 'pending' });
     });
+
+    // #25013 — the shorthand's only transforms are lower-casing and
+    // whitespace → `_`. It used to also DELETE every other character, so
+    // `'no-overlay'` was declared as `nooverlay`: a value nobody wrote.
+    describe('a shorthand string is kept as written beyond the documented transform', () => {
+      const issuesOf = (field: unknown) => {
+        const result = FieldSchema.safeParse({ name: 'status', ...(field as object) });
+        expect(result.success).toBe(false);
+        return (result as { error: z.ZodError }).error.issues;
+      };
+
+      it('keeps a hyphen, so the value is the one written', () => {
+        expect(Field.select(['no-overlay']).options).toEqual([{ label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no-overlay' }]);
+        expect(Field.select({ options: ['user-agent-based'] }).options)
+          .toEqual([{ label: 'user-agent-based', value: 'user-agent-based' }]);
+      });
+
+      it('meets the refusal an explicit `{ value: \'no-overlay\' }` meets — the same issue, the same path', () => {
+        const shorthand = issuesOf(Field.select(['open', 'no-overlay']));
+        const explicit = issuesOf(Field.select({ options: ['open', { label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no-overlay' }] }));
+        expect(shorthand).toEqual(explicit);
+        expect(shorthand).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(shorthand[0]).toMatchObject({ code: 'invalid_format', path: ['options', 1, 'value'] });
+      });
+
+      it('refuses at module load when an object declares it through `ObjectSchema.create`', () => {
+        let thrown: unknown;
+        try {
+          ObjectSchema.create({ name: 'probe_lock', label: 'Probe', fields: { lock_state: Field.select(['none', 'no-overlay']) } });
+        } catch (e) {
+          thrown = e;
+        }
+        expect(thrown).toBeInstanceOf(z.ZodError);
+        expect((thrown as z.ZodError).issues.map((i) => [i.code, i.path.join('.')]))
+          .toEqual([['invalid_format', 'fields.lock_state.options.1.value']]);
+      });
+
+      it('still lower-cases and joins whitespace with `_`, and those values parse', () => {
+        const field = Field.select(['In Progress', 'Closed  Won', 'v1.2']);
+        expect(field.options.map((o) => o.value)).toEqual(['in_progress', 'closed_won', 'v1.2']);
+        expect(FieldSchema.safeParse({ name: 'stage', ...field }).success).toBe(true);
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('Lookup and Master-Detail Fields', () => {
 
@@ -3050,13 +3050,12 @@ type UserFieldInput = Omit<FieldInput, 'reference'> & {
 
 /** `Field.select` with inline options — the array or `{ options }` forms. */
 function selectWithOptions(optionsOrConfig: Array<SelectOption | string> | Omit<FieldInput, 'options'> & { options: Array<SelectOption | string> }, config?: FieldInput) {
-  // Helper function to convert string to lowercase snake_case
-  const toSnakeCase = (str: string): string => {
-    return str
-      .toLowerCase()
-      .replace(/\s+/g, '_')  // Replace spaces with underscores
-      .replace(/[^a-z0-9_]/g, ''); // Remove invalid characters (keeping underscores only)
-  };
+  // The shorthand's whole transform: lower-case, and whitespace runs → `_`.
+  // Every other character stays as written, so a string that is no system
+  // identifier (`'no-overlay'`, `'v2-beta'`) reaches `SelectOptionSchema.value`
+  // and is refused there, by the same rule an explicit `{ value: 'no-overlay' }`
+  // meets — never rewritten into a value the author did not write (#25013).
+  const toSnakeCase = (str: string): string => str.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '_');
 
   // Support both old and new signatures:
   // Old: Field.select(['a', 'b'], { label: 'X' })
@@ -3163,6 +3162,12 @@ export const Field = {
    * Field.select(['In Progress', 'Closed Won'], { label: 'Status' })
    * // Results in: [{ label: 'In Progress', value: 'in_progress' }, { label: 'Closed Won', value: 'closed_won' }]
    *
+   * Lower-casing and whitespace → `_` are the shorthand's only transforms; any
+   * other character is kept, so `Field.select(['no-overlay'])` yields the value
+   * `no-overlay`, which `SelectOptionSchema.value` refuses (a system identifier
+   * holds letters, digits, `_` and `.`). Write such an option explicitly:
+   * `{ label: 'no-overlay', value: 'no_overlay' }`.
+   *
    * @example Shared picklist — the options come from the named `picklist` item
    * Field.select({ picklist: 'industry', label: 'Industry' })
    * // Results in: { type: 'select', picklist: 'industry', label: 'Industry' } — no `options`