@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/service-print': patch
+---
+
+Clause-②: no
+
+fix(service-print): the local placement binds its browser server's control socket to `127.0.0.1` itself, instead of relying on `playwright-core`'s default host
+
+- **What changed.** With `OS_PRINT_CHROMIUM_PATH` (option `chromiumPath`), each render and each boot probe starts a Chromium browser server and connects to it. That server's control socket is now opened with `host: '127.0.0.1'`. Before, no host was passed, so the bind followed `playwright-core`'s default (`localhost`, loopback only in the pinned 1.63.0). Whoever reaches that socket and knows its path drives a browser signed in as the requesting user. How far it reaches is now set by this package, and a `playwright-core` upgrade cannot widen it without a diff here.
+- **What it means for a deployment.** Nothing changes on a host whose `localhost` is `127.0.0.1`, which is the usual case. On a host with no IPv4 loopback address, the local placement cannot open the socket. Its boot probe logs `Chromium could not be reached at the local executable …: listen EADDRNOTAVAIL …` and printing stays off. The socket is never bound to another address instead. On such a host, use the remote placement (`OS_PRINT_BROWSER_ENDPOINT`).
+- **Unchanged:** the remote placement, the port (still random), every option and environment variable, and the exports.
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { inflateSync } from 'node:zlib';
 import type { PluginContext } from '@objectstack/core';
-import { createChromiumDriver, type ChromiumDriver } from './chromium-driver.js';
+import { createChromiumDriver, type ChromiumDriver, type ChromiumLauncher } from './chromium-driver.js';
 import { PRINT_SERVICE, PrintServicePlugin } from './print-service-plugin.js';
 import type { PrintService } from './print-service.js';
 import type { PrintSessionCookie } from './principal-session.js';
@@ -307,6 +307,31 @@ describe.skipIf(!CHROMIUM)('the Chromium engine on both placements', () => {
     });
   }
 
+  it('local: the control socket the driver opens is bound to IPv4 loopback — its wsEndpoint names 127.0.0.1', async () => {
+    // The real launcher, recording each server it starts. playwright-core builds
+    // `wsEndpoint()` from the listening socket's own `address()`, so it names where
+    // the socket is actually bound, not the host that was asked for.
+    const { chromium } = (await import('playwright-core')) as unknown as { chromium: ChromiumLauncher };
+    const endpoints: string[] = [];
+    const recording: ChromiumLauncher = {
+      launchServer: async (options) => {
+        const server = await chromium.launchServer(options);
+        endpoints.push(server.wsEndpoint());
+        return server;
+      },
+      connect: (wsEndpoint, options) => chromium.connect(wsEndpoint, options),
+      connectOverCDP: (endpoint, options) => chromium.connectOverCDP(endpoint, options),
+    };
+    const driver = createChromiumDriver(
+      { placement: 'local', target: CHROMIUM!, consoleUrl: `${fixture.origin}/_console` },
+      async () => recording,
+    );
+    const { version } = await driver.probe(30_000);
+    expect(version).toMatch(/^\d+\./);
+    expect(endpoints).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(new URL(endpoints[0]!).hostname).toBe('127.0.0.1');
+  }, 60_000);
+
   it('remote: the render leaves no context (and so no session cookie) in a browser it does not own, and leaves it running', async () => {
     const driver = placements().find((p) => p.label === 'remote')!.driver;
     await driver.renderPdf({ url: `${fixture.origin}${RECORD_PATH}`, cookie: COOKIE, timeoutMs: 30_000 });
 
@@ -9,10 +9,17 @@ import type { PrintSessionCookie } from './principal-session.js';
  * `playwright-core` (pinned exact on this package only), in either placement
  * {@link ResolvedPrintPlacement} names.
  *
- *  - **local** — `chromium.launchServer({ executablePath })` and a connection to
- *    it, one browser process per render. Disposed by closing the connection
- *    and the server; a process whose close does not settle within
- *    {@link CLOSE_GRACE_MS} is killed.
+ *  - **local** — `chromium.launchServer({ executablePath, host: '127.0.0.1' })`
+ *    and a connection to it, one browser process per render. Disposed by
+ *    closing the connection and the server; a process whose close does not
+ *    settle within {@link CLOSE_GRACE_MS} is killed. The server's control
+ *    socket is bound to the IPv4 loopback address by THIS package
+ *    ({@link LOCAL_CONTROL_HOST}), never left to playwright-core's default
+ *    host: whoever reaches that socket and knows its path drives a browser
+ *    signed in as the requesting user, so how far it reaches is decided here,
+ *    where a version bump cannot change it without a diff. A host with no IPv4
+ *    loopback address cannot open it, and the open fails; it is never bound
+ *    anywhere else instead.
  *  - **remote** — `chromium.connectOverCDP(endpoint)`, one connection per
  *    render. The context this render opened is closed first, so its cookies
  *    leave the remote browser with it; then the connection is closed, which
@@ -102,14 +109,18 @@ interface ServerHandle {
   kill(): Promise<void>;
 }
 interface ChromiumLauncher {
-  launchServer(options: { executablePath: string; headless: boolean; timeout: number }): Promise<ServerHandle>;
+  /** `host` is required here so the local placement can never open its control socket on the library's default host. */
+  launchServer(options: { executablePath: string; headless: boolean; timeout: number; host: string }): Promise<ServerHandle>;
   connect(wsEndpoint: string, options: { timeout: number }): Promise<BrowserHandle>;
   connectOverCDP(endpoint: string, options: { timeout: number }): Promise<BrowserHandle>;
 }
 
 /** How long each close in a cleanup may take before the driver stops waiting for it. */
 export const CLOSE_GRACE_MS = 2_000;
 
+/** The address the local placement binds its browser server's control socket to: IPv4 loopback, and only that. */
+const LOCAL_CONTROL_HOST = '127.0.0.1';
+
 /** Whether `promise` settles within `ms`; it is never awaited past that. */
 async function settlesWithin(promise: Promise<unknown>, ms: number): Promise<boolean> {
   let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
@@ -217,7 +228,12 @@ class PlaywrightChromiumDriver implements ChromiumDriver {
       const browser = await chromium.connectOverCDP(this.resolved.target, { timeout: timeoutMs });
       return { browser, dispose: async () => void (await settlesWithin(browser.close(), grace)) };
     }
-    const server = await chromium.launchServer({ executablePath: this.resolved.target, headless: true, timeout: timeoutMs });
+    const server = await chromium.launchServer({
+      executablePath: this.resolved.target,
+      headless: true,
+      timeout: timeoutMs,
+      host: LOCAL_CONTROL_HOST,
+    });
     let browser: BrowserHandle;
     try {
       browser = await chromium.connect(server.wsEndpoint(), { timeout: timeoutMs });
 
@@ -68,12 +68,13 @@ function stagedLauncher(stage: Stage) {
       closed.killed++;
     }),
   };
+  const launchServer = vi.fn(async (_options: Record<string, unknown>) => server);
   const launcher = {
-    launchServer: vi.fn(async () => server),
+    launchServer,
     connect: vi.fn(stage.connect ?? (async () => browser)),
     connectOverCDP: vi.fn(stage.connect ?? (async () => browser)),
   } as unknown as ChromiumLauncher;
-  return { launcher: async () => launcher, closed, page, browser };
+  return { launcher: async () => launcher, closed, page, browser, launchServer };
 }
 
 async function refusalOf(p: Promise<unknown>): Promise<{ code?: unknown; status?: unknown; message: string }> {
@@ -86,6 +87,16 @@ async function refusalOf(p: Promise<unknown>): Promise<{ code?: unknown; status?
   throw new Error('expected a refusal, the call resolved');
 }
 
+describe('the local placement binds its control socket to loopback itself', () => {
+  it('launchServer receives host 127.0.0.1 on the boot probe and on every render, never the library default', async () => {
+    const { launcher, launchServer } = stagedLauncher({});
+    const driver = createChromiumDriver({ placement: 'local', target: '/usr/bin/chromium', consoleUrl: 'x' }, launcher);
+    await driver.probe(5_000);
+    await driver.renderPdf({ url: URL_, cookie: COOKIE, timeoutMs: 5_000 });
+    expect(launchServer.mock.calls.map(([options]) => options.host)).toEqual(['127.0.0.1', '127.0.0.1']);
+  });
+});
+
 describe('the driver redacts the session cookie from an engine error', () => {
   it('an engine error carrying the cookie value answers INTERNAL_ERROR / 500 with it replaced by [redacted]', async () => {
     const { launcher, closed } = stagedLauncher({