opentelemetry-sdk: make SynchronousMeasurementConsumer collect deadline test more robust (open-telemetry#5081)

Instead of sleeping mock time_ns so that we can exercise the path
more deterministically. Hopefully it'll help on platforms were time is
not so precise like PyPy / windows.

Assisted-by: Copilot

Author: xrmx

opentelemetry-sdk/tests/metrics/test_measurement_consumer.py

@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ def sleep_1(*args, **kwargs):
         "opentelemetry.sdk.metrics._internal."
         "measurement_consumer.CallbackOptions"
     )
+    @patch("opentelemetry.sdk.metrics._internal.measurement_consumer.time_ns")
     def test_collect_deadline(
-        self, mock_callback_options, MockMetricReaderStorage
+        self, mock_time_ns, mock_callback_options, MockMetricReaderStorage
     ):
         reader_mock = Mock()
         reader_storage_mock = Mock()
@@ -171,17 +172,23 @@ def test_collect_deadline(
             )
         )
 
-        def sleep_1(*args, **kwargs):
-            sleep(1)
-            return []
-
         consumer.register_asynchronous_instrument(
-            Mock(**{"callback.side_effect": sleep_1})
+            Mock(**{"callback.return_value": []})
         )
         consumer.register_asynchronous_instrument(
-            Mock(**{"callback.side_effect": sleep_1})
+            Mock(**{"callback.return_value": []})
         )
 
+        # collect start, first remaining_time, post-first callback,
+        # second remaining_time, post-second callback
+        mock_time_ns.side_effect = [
+            0,
+            0,
+            int(1e9),
+            int(1e9),
+            int(2e9),
+        ]
+
         consumer.collect(reader_mock)
 
         callback_options_time_call = mock_callback_options.mock_calls[