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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en-GB">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#081f3d">
<meta name="description" content="Build a Rock Paper Scissors game in the browser with code blocks or Python, then compare your code with AI-written code.">
<title>Game Build Sprint</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Atkinson+Hyperlegible:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/codemirror/5.65.16/codemirror.min.css">
<style>
/* Layout: ticket and game on the left, the program on the right, the AI comparison as three steps across the bottom. */
:root{
--navy:#081f3d; --navy-2:#1d3f6e; --navy-soft:#e8edf5;
--ground:#f3f5f9; --panel:#ffffff; --ink:#15233b; --muted:#5a6679; --line:#dde3ec;
--pass:#13703a; --pass-soft:#e5f3ea; --fail:#b0281f; --fail-soft:#fcebe8; --hint-soft:#fff5d9; --hint-line:#efd78f;
--code-bg:#f6f8fb;
--font:"Atkinson Hyperlegible",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;
--mono:ui-monospace,"Cascadia Code",Consolas,Menlo,monospace;
--r-sm:6px; --r-md:10px; --gap:1.25rem;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html,body{margin:0}
body{font-family:var(--font);background:var(--ground);color:var(--ink);line-height:1.5;font-size:16px}
button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit;color:inherit}
code,pre,textarea.code{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.9em}
a{color:var(--navy-2)}
h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.25;margin:0;text-wrap:balance}
h2{font-size:1.15rem} h3{font-size:1rem}
p{margin:0}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #5b8def;outline-offset:2px}
.hidden{display:none!important}
.muted{color:var(--muted)}
.small{font-size:.9rem}
/* Header */
header.top{background:var(--navy);color:#fff;padding:.55rem 1.25rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
header.top img{height:32px;width:auto;display:block}
header.top .title{font-weight:700;font-size:1.1rem;padding-left:1rem;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)}
header.top .grow{flex:1}
.meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1rem;font-size:.92rem}
.meta .team{opacity:.85}
.meta .pts{font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.pystatus{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;font-size:.85rem;opacity:.85}
.pystatus::before{content:"";width:.55rem;height:.55rem;border-radius:50%;background:#f2c14e}
.pystatus.ready::before{background:#5fd38d}
.pystatus.error::before{background:#ff6b5e}
header.top .finish{background:#fff;color:var(--navy);border:0;border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.4rem .85rem;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer}
header.top .finish:hover{background:var(--navy-soft)}
/* Stage stepper */
nav.stages{background:var(--panel);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:.7rem 1.25rem;overflow-x:auto}
nav.stages ol{list-style:none;margin:0 auto;padding:0;display:flex;gap:.4rem;max-width:1400px;min-width:max-content}
nav.stages li{flex:1}
nav.stages button{width:100%;white-space:nowrap;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;border:0;background:none;padding:.35rem .5rem;border-radius:var(--r-sm);cursor:pointer;text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;border-bottom:3px solid var(--line)}
nav.stages button .n{flex:none;display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--line);color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;font-size:.8rem}
nav.stages button:hover:not(:disabled){background:var(--ground)}
nav.stages button.done{color:var(--ink);border-bottom-color:var(--pass)}
nav.stages button.done .n{background:var(--pass);color:#fff}
nav.stages button.current{color:var(--navy);font-weight:700;border-bottom-color:var(--navy)}
nav.stages button.current .n{background:var(--navy);color:#fff}
nav.stages button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.55}
/* Page grid */
main{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:var(--gap) 1.25rem 3rem;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,7fr);gap:var(--gap);align-items:start}
@media (max-width:980px){main{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
.col{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--gap);min-width:0}
.panel{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:1.15rem 1.25rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.85rem;min-width:0}
.panel-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:.75rem;flex-wrap:wrap}
.ticket{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted)}
.brief p+p{margin-top:.5rem}
.row{display:flex;gap:.5rem;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}
/* Specification */
.spec{border-left:3px solid var(--navy-2);background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:0 var(--r-sm) var(--r-sm) 0;padding:.75rem .9rem}
.spec .sig{font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem;color:var(--navy)}
.spec ul{margin:.45rem 0 0;padding-left:1.15rem}
.spec li{margin:.15rem 0}
table.ex{border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.9rem;width:100%}
table.ex th{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;text-align:left;padding:.2rem .5rem .3rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
table.ex td{padding:.3rem .5rem .3rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
table.ex tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}
table.ex code{white-space:nowrap}
.ex-wrap{overflow-x:auto}
/* Buttons */
.btn{border:1px solid var(--navy);background:var(--navy);color:#fff;border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.5rem 1rem;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}
.btn:hover{background:var(--navy-2)}
.btn.secondary{background:var(--panel);color:var(--navy);border-color:var(--line)}
.btn.secondary:hover{border-color:var(--navy);background:var(--panel)}
.btn.go{background:var(--pass);border-color:var(--pass)}
.btn.go:hover{filter:brightness(1.1)}
.btn:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:not-allowed}
.btn.sm{padding:.3rem .7rem;font-size:.88rem}
.linkbtn{border:0;background:none;color:var(--navy-2);text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;padding:0;font-size:.9rem}
/* Segmented control */
.seg{display:inline-flex;background:var(--ground);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:3px}
.seg button{border:0;background:none;padding:.3rem .8rem;border-radius:4px;cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted);font-weight:700;font-size:.9rem}
.seg button.on{background:var(--panel);color:var(--navy);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(8,31,61,.12)}
/* Editors – the Blockly area is isolated so its menus never sit above pop-ups */
.editor-wrap{position:relative;isolation:isolate;z-index:0}
#blocklyDiv{height:460px;width:100%;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);overflow:hidden}
.CodeMirror{height:460px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);font-size:15px;font-family:var(--mono)}
#genPy{background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.6rem .75rem;max-height:220px;overflow:auto;font-size:.85rem;margin:.5rem 0 0;white-space:pre}
details summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--navy-2);font-size:.92rem}
.actions{display:flex;gap:.5rem;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}
.actions .grow{flex:1}
/* Results */
.status{border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.55rem .8rem;font-weight:700}
.status.pass{background:var(--pass-soft);color:var(--pass)}
.status.fail{background:var(--fail-soft);color:var(--fail)}
.results{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.6rem}
.tablewrap{max-height:300px;overflow:auto}
table.res{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.88rem}
table.res th{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;text-align:left;padding:.25rem .45rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:sticky;top:0;background:var(--panel)}
table.res td{padding:.3rem .45rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
table.res td.ok{color:var(--pass);font-weight:700}
table.res td.no{color:var(--fail);font-weight:700}
table.res tr.bad td{background:#fff8f7}
table.res code{white-space:nowrap}
.note{font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}
pre.out{background:#0f1b2d;color:#e6edf6;border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.5rem .7rem;font-size:.85rem;max-height:160px;overflow:auto;white-space:pre-wrap;margin:0}
/* Hints */
.hint{background:var(--hint-soft);border:1px solid var(--hint-line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.6rem .8rem;font-size:.93rem}
.hint pre{background:var(--panel);padding:.45rem .55rem;border-radius:4px;overflow:auto;margin:.4rem 0 0}
/* Game */
.opts{display:flex;gap:1rem;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.92rem}
.opts label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem}
.opts select{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.25rem .4rem;background:var(--panel)}
.moves{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(78px,1fr));gap:.5rem}
.moves button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--panel);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:.5rem .3rem;cursor:pointer;font-size:.9rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.1rem}
.moves button .ico{font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1.2}
.moves button:hover{border-color:var(--navy);background:var(--navy-soft)}
.typeform{display:flex;gap:.5rem}
.typeform input{flex:1;min-width:0;padding:.45rem .6rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm)}
.arena{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;align-items:center;text-align:center;background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:.7rem}
.arena .big{font-size:2.1rem;line-height:1.15;min-height:2.4rem}
.arena .who{font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted)}
.arena .score{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.gamemsg{min-height:1.5em;font-weight:700}
.features{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
.features li{font-size:.82rem;border-radius:999px;padding:.15rem .6rem;background:var(--ground);color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.features li.on{background:var(--pass-soft);color:var(--pass);border-color:transparent}
/* AI comparison */
#aiSection{grid-column:1 / -1}
.steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.35fr);gap:var(--gap)}
@media (max-width:1150px){.steps{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr)} .steps .step3{grid-column:1 / -1}}
@media (max-width:760px){.steps{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
.step{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.7rem;min-width:0}
.step h3{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem}
.step h3 .n{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;border-radius:50%;background:var(--navy);color:#fff;font-size:.8rem}
.step ol{margin:0;padding-left:1.2rem;font-size:.93rem}
.step ol li{margin:.2rem 0}
textarea.code{white-space:pre;overflow:auto;width:100%;min-height:230px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.55rem;font-size:.86rem;resize:vertical;tab-size:4;background:var(--code-bg)}
.chat{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);background:var(--code-bg);padding:.6rem;height:320px;overflow:auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}
.bubble{max-width:94%;border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:.5rem .7rem;font-size:.92rem}
.bubble.me{align-self:flex-end;background:var(--navy);color:#fff}
.bubble.bot{align-self:flex-start;background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.bubble pre{background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:4px;padding:.4rem .5rem;overflow:auto;font-size:.8rem;margin:.4rem 0}
.bubble .who{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--muted)}
.chatform{display:flex;gap:.5rem}
.chatform input{flex:1;min-width:0;padding:.45rem .6rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm)}
.banner{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted)}
.compare pre{background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:var(--r-sm);padding:.5rem;font-size:.8rem;overflow:auto;max-height:260px;margin:.3rem 0 0}
.pair{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:.75rem}
@media (max-width:560px){.pair{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
.chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.4rem}
.chips label{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:.25rem .7rem;cursor:pointer;background:var(--panel);font-size:.88rem;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.35rem}
.chips label:has(input:checked){border-color:var(--navy);background:var(--navy-soft)}
.placeholder{background:var(--code-bg);border:1px dashed var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:1.1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.93rem}
.lockedbox{background:var(--code-bg);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:1rem;color:var(--muted)}
/* Modals (above everything, including the code-blocks menus) */
.modal{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(8,31,61,.6);display:grid;place-items:center;padding:1rem;z-index:100000}
.modal .box{background:var(--panel);border-radius:14px;max-width:620px;width:100%;padding:1.5rem 1.6rem;max-height:92vh;overflow:auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.9rem}
.modal input[type=text]{width:100%;padding:.55rem .7rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r-sm);font-size:1rem;margin-top:.3rem}
.choice{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:.7rem}
.choice button{border:2px solid var(--line);background:var(--panel);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:.8rem;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.2rem}
.choice button.on{border-color:var(--navy);background:var(--navy-soft)}
.bigcode{font-size:1.8rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.06em;background:var(--code-bg);border:2px dashed var(--navy);border-radius:var(--r-md);padding:.6rem;text-align:center;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
table.score{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.93rem}
table.score td{padding:.35rem .4rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
table.score td:last-child{text-align:right;font-weight:700;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.toast{position:fixed;bottom:1rem;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);background:var(--navy);color:#fff;padding:.6rem 1rem;border-radius:var(--r-md);z-index:100001;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(8,31,61,.25);max-width:calc(100% - 2rem)}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.toast{animation:rise .2s ease-out}@keyframes rise{from{transform:translate(-50%,8px);opacity:0}}}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header class="top">
<img id="logo" alt="">
<div class="title">Game Build Sprint</div>
<div class="grow"></div>
<div class="meta">
<span class="pystatus" id="loading">Starting Python…</span>
<span class="team" id="teamPill">Team</span>
<span class="pts" id="scorePill">0 pts</span>
</div>
<button class="finish" id="finishBtn" type="button">Finish and get code</button>
</header>
<nav class="stages" aria-label="Stages"><ol id="stageNav"></ol></nav>
<main>
<div class="col">
<section class="panel" id="briefCard" aria-live="polite"></section>
<section class="panel" id="gameCard">
<div class="panel-head">
<h2>Your game</h2>
<button class="linkbtn" type="button" id="resetGame">New match</button>
</div>
<p class="small muted">The game runs on the functions your team has built. Each stage you finish switches on another part.</p>
<ul class="features" id="lockList"></ul>
<div class="opts">
<label for="oppSel">Opponent
<select id="oppSel">
<option value="random">Random computer</option>
<option value="ai">Your strategy</option>
</select>
</label>
<label for="bestOfSel" id="bestOfLabel">Match
<select id="bestOfSel">
<option value="3">Best of 3</option>
<option value="5">Best of 5</option>
<option value="7">Best of 7</option>
</select>
</label>
</div>
<div class="moves" id="moveBtns"></div>
<form class="typeform" id="typeForm">
<input type="text" id="typeMove" placeholder="Or type a move, such as R or Paper " aria-label="Type a move">
<button class="btn secondary sm" type="submit">Play</button>
</form>
<div class="arena" aria-live="polite">
<div><div class="who">You</div><div class="big" id="pMove">–</div><div class="score" id="pScore">0</div></div>
<div class="muted">vs</div>
<div><div class="who">Computer</div><div class="big" id="cMove">–</div><div class="score" id="cScore">0</div></div>
</div>
<div class="gamemsg" id="gameMsg" aria-live="polite">Pick a move to play.</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="col">
<section class="panel" id="editorCard">
<div class="panel-head">
<h2>Your program</h2>
<div class="seg" role="tablist" aria-label="Coding style">
<button type="button" id="tabBlocks" role="tab">Code blocks</button>
<button type="button" id="tabPy" role="tab">Python</button>
</div>
</div>
<p class="small muted" id="editorFn"></p>
<div class="editor-wrap">
<div id="blocksPane">
<div id="blocklyDiv"></div>
<details id="genDetails"><summary>Show the Python these blocks make</summary><pre id="genPy"></pre></details>
</div>
<div id="pyPane" class="hidden">
<textarea id="pyEditor"></textarea>
<p class="small muted" style="margin-top:.35rem">Tab indents and Shift+Tab unindents. Use four spaces for each level.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="actions">
<button class="btn go" type="button" id="runBtn" disabled>Run tests</button>
<span class="grow"></span>
<button class="btn secondary sm" type="button" id="convertBtn">Convert blocks to Python</button>
<button class="btn secondary sm" type="button" id="resetCodeBtn">Reset code</button>
</div>
<div id="results" class="results" aria-live="polite"></div>
</section>
</div>
<section class="panel" id="aiSection">
<div class="panel-head">
<h2>Compare with AI</h2>
<span class="small muted" id="aiBonusNote"></span>
</div>
<p class="small muted">Ask an AI to write the same function, test its code with the same tests, and decide which version you would put in the game. AI often gets things slightly wrong, so check its work carefully.</p>
<div id="aiLocked" class="lockedbox hidden">Pass this stage's tests first. Then compare your code with code written by an AI.</div>
<div id="aiBody" class="steps">
<div class="step">
<h3><span class="n">1</span>Ask the AI</h3>
<div class="seg" role="tablist" aria-label="Which AI">
<button type="button" id="aiTabSim">Pixel (simulated)</button>
<button type="button" id="aiTabReal">A real chatbot</button>
</div>
<div id="aiSim">
<p class="banner">Pixel is a pretend AI with prepared answers, for when real chatbots aren't available. Like a real one, it answers better when your prompt is detailed, and it still makes mistakes. If its code fails, tell it what went wrong and ask again.</p>
<div class="chat" id="chatLog"></div>
<form class="chatform" id="chatForm">
<input type="text" id="chatInput" placeholder="Write your prompt to Pixel" aria-label="Prompt for the simulated assistant">
<button class="btn sm" type="submit">Send</button>
</form>
</div>
<div id="aiReal" class="hidden">
<ol>
<li>Open an AI chatbot in a new tab (<span id="chatbotNames"></span>).</li>
<li>Write your own prompt asking for this function. You can copy the specification to help.</li>
<li>Paste the AI's Python code into step 2.</li>
</ol>
<div><button class="btn secondary sm" type="button" id="copySpecBtn">Copy the specification</button></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="step">
<h3><span class="n">2</span>Test its code</h3>
<textarea class="code" id="aiCode" spellcheck="false" wrap="off" placeholder="Paste the AI's Python code here, or press Use this code on one of Pixel's answers" aria-label="AI's code"></textarea>
<div><button class="btn go" type="button" id="testAiBtn">Test the AI's code</button></div>
</div>
<div class="step step3">
<h3><span class="n">3</span>Compare and decide</h3>
<div id="compareOut" class="compare"><div class="placeholder">Test the AI's code to see the two versions side by side.</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<!-- Welcome -->
<div class="modal hidden" id="welcome" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="wTitle">
<div class="box">
<h1 id="wTitle" style="font-size:1.5rem">Game Build Sprint</h1>
<p>Your team has joined the developers at a small games studio. A client wants a <b>Rock Paper Scissors</b> game, and the work has been split into <span id="ticketCount">six</span> tickets.</p>
<p>For each ticket you write one function, run the tests, and watch that part of the game come to life. Then you ask an AI to write the same function and decide whose code is better.</p>
<div>
<label for="teamName"><b>Team name</b> <span class="small muted">(no real names, please)</span></label>
<input type="text" id="teamName" maxlength="24" autocomplete="off">
</div>
<div>
<p><b>How do you want to code?</b> <span class="small muted">You can switch at any time.</span></p>
<div class="choice" style="margin-top:.5rem">
<button type="button" id="chooseBlocks"><b>Code blocks</b><span class="small">Snap blocks together and see the Python they make.</span></button>
<button type="button" id="choosePy"><b>Python</b><span class="small">Type real Python code.</span></button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" style="justify-content:flex-end"><button class="btn" type="button" id="startBtn">Start the sprint</button></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Finish -->
<div class="modal hidden" id="finish" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="fTitle">
<div class="box">
<h1 id="fTitle" style="font-size:1.4rem">Sprint report</h1>
<div id="finishBody" style="display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.8rem"></div>
<div class="row" style="justify-content:space-between">
<button class="btn secondary" type="button" id="downloadPy">Download your game (.py)</button>
<button class="btn" type="button" id="closeFinish">Back to the sprint</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Confirm -->
<div class="modal hidden" id="confirmBox" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="cText">
<div class="box" style="max-width:460px">
<p id="cText"></p>
<div class="row" style="justify-content:flex-end">
<button class="btn secondary" type="button" id="cNo">Cancel</button>
<button class="btn" type="button" id="cYes">Continue</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script>
/* =====================================================================
CONFIG – change these for your own sessions
===================================================================== */
const CONFIG = {
UNIVERSITY: "University of Bradford",
LOGO_URL: "https://uob-cs-outreach.github.io/PythonMazeGame/assets/uob-logo.png",
COURSES_URL: "https://www.bradford.ac.uk/undergraduate/subjects/computing",
COURSES_TEXT: "Explore computing degrees at the University of Bradford",
CHATBOTS: "for example Microsoft Copilot, ChatGPT, Gemini or Claude, whichever your school allows",
CODE_PREFIX: "GBS",
CODE_SECRET: "bradford-gbs-2026", // must match facilitator.html
STAGE_POINTS: 100,
HINT_COST: 15,
AI_BONUS: 25,
AI_BEFORE_PASS: false, // true lets teams use the AI comparison before passing a stage
PYODIDE_URL: "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/pyodide@0.26.4/",
// Which stages this version uses, in order. The short (35-minute) version is short.html.
STAGES: ["beats", "round_result", "clean_move", "match_winner", "beats5", "choose_move"],
STORE_KEY: "gbs-rps-v1" // where progress is saved; each version needs its own
};
const STORE_KEY = CONFIG.STORE_KEY;
</script>
<script type="text/plain" id="harnessPy">
import io, sys, copy, random, json, time, traceback
MOVES3 = ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]
BEATS3 = {"rock": "scissors", "scissors": "paper", "paper": "rock"}
COUNTER = {"rock": "paper", "paper": "scissors", "scissors": "rock"}
TESTS = {
"beats": [
(("rock", "scissors"), True), (("scissors", "paper"), True), (("paper", "rock"), True),
(("scissors", "rock"), False), (("paper", "scissors"), False), (("rock", "paper"), False),
(("rock", "rock"), False), (("paper", "paper"), False),
],
"round_result": [
(("rock", "scissors"), "win"), (("paper", "rock"), "win"), (("scissors", "paper"), "win"),
(("rock", "paper"), "lose"), (("scissors", "rock"), "lose"),
(("paper", "paper"), "draw"), (("scissors", "scissors"), "draw"),
],
"clean_move": [
(("rock",), "rock"), (("Paper",), "paper"), (("SCISSORS",), "scissors"),
((" rock ",), "rock"), (("r",), "rock"), (("P",), "paper"), ((" s ",), "scissors"),
(("banana",), None), (("",), None), (("rocks",), None), (("roc",), None),
],
"match_winner": [
((2, 0, 3), "player"), ((0, 2, 3), "computer"), ((1, 1, 3), None),
((1, 0, 3), None), ((3, 2, 5), "player"), ((2, 3, 5), "computer"),
((2, 1, 5), None), ((0, 0, 1), None), ((1, 0, 1), "player"),
],
}
RULES5 = {
"scissors": ["paper", "lizard"], "paper": ["rock", "spock"], "rock": ["lizard", "scissors"],
"lizard": ["spock", "paper"], "spock": ["scissors", "rock"],
}
TESTS["beats5"] = [((a, b), b in RULES5[a]) for a in RULES5 for b in RULES5]
def bot_rocky(theirs, mine, rnd):
return "rock"
def bot_cycler(theirs, mine, rnd):
return MOVES3[len(mine) % 3]
def bot_copycat(theirs, mine, rnd):
return theirs[-1] if theirs else "paper"
def bot_counter(theirs, mine, rnd):
return COUNTER[theirs[-1]] if theirs else "scissors"
def bot_fan(theirs, mine, rnd):
return "paper" if rnd.random() < 0.7 else rnd.choice(MOVES3)
BOTS = [
("Rocky", "Always plays rock.", bot_rocky),
("Cycler", "Plays rock, paper, scissors, rock, paper, scissors…", bot_cycler),
("Copycat", "Copies whatever you played last round.", bot_copycat),
("Counter", "Plays whatever would have beaten your last move.", bot_counter),
("Paper Fan", "Plays paper 70% of the time, otherwise a random move.", bot_fan),
]
ROUNDS = 60
class StepLimitError(Exception):
pass
_limit = {"steps": 0, "max": 0, "deadline": 0}
def _tracer(frame, event, arg):
if event == "line" or event == "call":
_limit["steps"] += 1
if _limit["steps"] > _limit["max"] or (_limit["steps"] % 2000 == 0 and time.time() > _limit["deadline"]):
raise StepLimitError("your code ran for too long. Check that every loop can finish.")
return _tracer
def _guard(fn, *a):
_limit["steps"] = 0
_limit["max"] = 3000000
_limit["deadline"] = time.time() + 4
sys.settrace(_tracer)
try:
return fn(*a)
finally:
sys.settrace(None)
def run_tournament(choose_move, seed=7):
results = []
random.seed(seed) # every team gets the same, repeatable tournament
for name, desc, bot in BOTS:
rnd = random.Random(seed + len(name))
theirs, mine = [], []
w = l = d = 0
error = None
for r in range(ROUNDS):
try:
mv = choose_move(list(mine))
except Exception as e:
error = format_error(e)
break
if mv not in MOVES3:
error = "choose_move returned %r, which is not 'rock', 'paper' or 'scissors'" % (mv,)
break
bm = bot(list(theirs), list(mine), rnd)
if BEATS3[mv] == bm: w += 1
elif BEATS3[bm] == mv: l += 1
else: d += 1
theirs.append(mv); mine.append(bm)
results.append({"bot": name, "desc": desc, "win": w, "lose": l, "draw": d,
"beaten": error is None and w > l, "error": error})
return results
def format_error(e):
if isinstance(e, SyntaxError) and e.filename == "<your code>":
return "SyntaxError (line %s): %s" % (e.lineno, e.msg)
line = ""
for fr in reversed(traceback.extract_tb(e.__traceback__)):
if fr.filename == "<your code>":
line = " (line %d)" % fr.lineno
break
return "%s%s: %s" % (type(e).__name__, line, e)
def _exec_all(code, extra_code):
ns = {"__name__": "__student__"}
if extra_code:
exec(compile(extra_code, "<earlier stages>", "exec"), ns)
exec(compile(code, "<your code>", "exec"), ns)
return ns
def run_code(code, test_key, extra_code=""):
out = io.StringIO()
old = sys.stdout
sys.stdout = out
res = {"ok": False, "error": None, "tests": [], "output": "", "tournament": None}
try:
_run_code(res, code, test_key, extra_code)
finally:
sys.stdout = old
res["output"] = out.getvalue()[-4000:]
return json.dumps(res)
def _run_code(res, code, test_key, extra_code):
try:
ns = _guard(_exec_all, code, extra_code)
except Exception as e:
res["error"] = format_error(e)
return
fname = "beats" if test_key == "beats5" else test_key
f = ns.get(fname)
if not callable(f):
res["error"] = "Your code does not define a function called %s. Check the spelling of the def line." % fname
return
if test_key == "choose_move":
try:
t = _guard(run_tournament, f)
except Exception as e:
res["error"] = format_error(e)
return
res["tournament"] = t
res["ok"] = sum(1 for x in t if x["beaten"]) >= 3
return
allpass = True
for args, expected in TESTS[test_key]:
call = "%s(%s)" % (fname, ", ".join(repr(a) for a in args))
try:
got = _guard(f, *copy.deepcopy(args))
passed = (got == expected) and (type(got) is type(expected))
res["tests"].append({"call": call, "expected": repr(expected), "got": repr(got), "pass": passed})
except Exception as e:
passed = False
res["tests"].append({"call": call, "expected": repr(expected), "got": format_error(e), "pass": False})
allpass = allpass and passed
res["ok"] = allpass
GAME = {"ns": None, "error": None}
def load_game(code):
try:
GAME["ns"] = _guard(_exec_all, code, "")
GAME["error"] = None
except Exception as e:
GAME["ns"] = None
GAME["error"] = format_error(e)
return GAME["error"] or ""
def game_call(name, args_json):
out = io.StringIO(); old = sys.stdout; sys.stdout = out
try:
f = GAME["ns"].get(name) if GAME["ns"] else None
if not callable(f):
return json.dumps({"error": "no function " + name})
v = _guard(f, *json.loads(args_json))
return json.dumps({"value": v, "output": out.getvalue()[-1000:]})
except Exception as e:
return json.dumps({"error": format_error(e)})
finally:
sys.stdout = old
</script>
<script>
/* =====================================================================
Stage definitions
Each stage's "ai" block drives Pixel, the simulated assistant.
classify(prompt) picks a bucket; each bucket lists Pixel's answers in
the order it gives them when asked again. Most first answers contain a
mistake, even for good prompts, so students have to check the code.
===================================================================== */
const MOVE_ICON = {rock:"✊", paper:"✋", scissors:"✌️", lizard:"🦎", spock:"🖖"};
const ALL_STAGES = [
{
key:"beats", fn:"beats", test:"beats", params:["a","b"], ticket:"Ticket RPS-1", short:"Who beats who?", title:"Who beats who?",
brief:`<p>Every game needs rules. Write a function that says whether one move beats another.</p>
<p>Rock blunts scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper wraps rock.</p>`,
sig:"def beats(a, b):",
rules:["a and b are each \"rock\", \"paper\" or \"scissors\".",
"Return True if move a beats move b.",
"Return False in every other case, including when a and b are the same."],
examples:[["beats(\"rock\", \"scissors\")","True"],["beats(\"scissors\", \"rock\")","False"],["beats(\"paper\", \"paper\")","False"]],
starterPy:`def beats(a, b):
# Return True if move a beats move b, otherwise False
return False
`,
starterReturn:{type:"logic_boolean",fields:{BOOL:"FALSE"}},
hints:[
`There are only three winning combinations. Check each one with <code>if</code>, and if none of them match, the answer is <code>False</code>.`,
`One way to start:<pre>if a == "rock" and b == "scissors":
return True</pre>Add the other two winning pairs, then <code>return False</code> at the end. In blocks, use the “if … return …” block from Functions.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>/false|boolean|true or false|otherwise|same|draw|both|every other|any other|else/i.test(p) ? "good":"vague",
attempts:{vague:["none","drawwin","correct"], good:["drawwin","correct"]},
variants:{
none:{text:"Sure! Here's a function that checks whether move a beats move b:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
if a == "rock" and b == "scissors":
return True
elif a == "scissors" and b == "paper":
return True
elif a == "paper" and b == "rock":
return True
`, after:"This covers all the winning combinations, so it will work perfectly in your game. 🎮",
tip:"The AI's function never returns <code>False</code>. When a doesn't win it reaches the end and gives back <code>None</code>. Tell Pixel what to return in every other case, or ask it to fix the failing tests."},
drawwin:{text:"Here's a neat approach: if b doesn't beat a, then a must win. This handles draws too:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
# If b doesn't beat a, then a must win
if b == "rock" and a == "scissors":
return False
if b == "scissors" and a == "paper":
return False
if b == "paper" and a == "rock":
return False
return True
`, after:"Every case is covered, including the same move twice. ✅",
tip:"The AI said this handles draws, but <code>beats(\"rock\", \"rock\")</code> gives <code>True</code>. Not losing isn't the same as winning. The AI ignored part of the specification and claimed it hadn't. Tell Pixel which test fails and ask again."},
correct:{text:"Sorry about that. Here's a version that only returns True for the three winning pairs:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
winning_pairs = {("rock", "scissors"), ("scissors", "paper"), ("paper", "rock")}
return (a, b) in winning_pairs
`, after:"<code>(a, b) in winning_pairs</code> is already True or False, so it can be returned directly.",
tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Pixel's first answers either returned None instead of False, or counted a draw as a win while claiming it handled draws. Both looked reasonable and both sounded confident. Only testing against the specification showed the problems. That checking is a human developer's job."
},
{
key:"round_result", fn:"round_result", test:"round_result", params:["player","computer"], deps:["beats"],
ticket:"Ticket RPS-2", short:"Decide the round", title:"Decide the round",
brief:`<p>Now use your <code>beats</code> function to decide the result of a round from the player's point of view.</p>
<p>Reusing a function you've already tested, instead of writing the rules again, is a key habit in software development.</p>`,
sig:"def round_result(player, computer):",
rules:["player and computer are each \"rock\", \"paper\" or \"scissors\".",
"Return \"win\" if player beats computer, \"lose\" if computer beats player, and \"draw\" if they are the same.",
"The returned words must be exactly \"win\", \"lose\" or \"draw\", in lowercase.",
"The function beats(a, b) already exists and can be used."],
examples:[["round_result(\"paper\", \"rock\")","\"win\""],["round_result(\"rock\", \"paper\")","\"lose\""],["round_result(\"rock\", \"rock\")","\"draw\""]],
starterPy:`def round_result(player, computer):
# Return "win", "lose" or "draw"
return "draw"
`,
starterReturn:{type:"text",fields:{TEXT:"draw"}},
hints:[
`Your <code>beats</code> function does the hard part. If <code>beats(player, computer)</code> is True, the player wins. If <code>beats(computer, player)</code> is True, the player loses. Otherwise it's a draw.`,
`<pre>if beats(player, computer):
return "win"</pre>In blocks, the <b>beats</b> block is in the “My functions” category.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>/lower ?-?case|exactly|["'‘“]win["'’”]/i.test(p) ? "good":"vague",
attempts:{vague:["caps","swapped","correct"], good:["swapped","correct"]},
variants:{
caps:{text:"Here's a clean way to decide the round using your beats function:",
code:`def round_result(player, computer):
if beats(player, computer):
return "Win"
elif beats(computer, player):
return "Lose"
else:
return "Draw"
`, after:"Nice and readable! It reuses <code>beats</code> so the rules live in one place.",
tip:"The logic is right, but it returns \"Win\" with a capital letter. To a computer, \"Win\" and \"win\" are different strings. Give Pixel the exact words it must return."},
swapped:{text:"Here you go. It returns exactly \"win\", \"lose\" or \"draw\" in lowercase, from the player's point of view:",
code:`def round_result(player, computer):
# Check the round from the player's point of view
if beats(computer, player):
return "win"
elif beats(player, computer):
return "lose"
return "draw"
`, after:"This follows your specification exactly.",
tip:"The AI mixed up the player and the computer. When the computer wins, this code says the player won. Its comment says “from the player's point of view”, but the code does the opposite. Point out a failing test to Pixel and ask again."},
correct:{text:"You're right, I had the player and computer the wrong way round. Here's the fixed version:",
code:`def round_result(player, computer):
if beats(player, computer):
return "win"
elif beats(computer, player):
return "lose"
return "draw"
`, after:"The final <code>return \"draw\"</code> only runs when neither move beats the other.", tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Two typical AI slips appeared here: capital letters that break the specification, and swapping the player and the computer so the result is reversed. Both look almost right on a quick read, and the AI described its code as correct. Reading code carefully and testing it is still a human job."
},
{
key:"clean_move", fn:"clean_move", test:"clean_move", params:["text"], ticket:"Ticket RPS-3", short:"Typed moves", title:"Understand what players type",
brief:`<p>Players don't always type neatly. They add spaces, use capitals, or type just one letter. Write a function that tidies up what they typed, or rejects it if it isn't a move.</p>
<p>Checking and cleaning input is called <b>validation</b>. It stops bad data breaking your program, and it's an important part of writing secure code.</p>`,
sig:"def clean_move(text):",
rules:["text is whatever the player typed.",
"Ignore spaces at the start and end, and ignore capital letters.",
"Accept the shortcuts \"r\", \"p\" and \"s\" for rock, paper and scissors.",
"Return \"rock\", \"paper\" or \"scissors\" in lowercase.",
"Return None if the text is not a valid move."],
examples:[["clean_move(\" Rock \")","\"rock\""],["clean_move(\"P\")","\"paper\""],["clean_move(\"banana\")","None"]],
starterPy:`def clean_move(text):
# Tidy up the text, then return the move or None
return None
`,
starterReturn:{type:"rps_none"},
hints:[
`Do it in steps. First tidy the text: <code>text = text.strip().lower()</code> removes spaces from both ends and makes it lowercase. Then turn a shortcut like <code>"r"</code> into <code>"rock"</code>. Finally check whether it's a real move.`,
`<pre>text = text.strip().lower()
if text == "r":
text = "rock"
# ... the same for "p" and "s"
if text in ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]:
return text
return None</pre>In blocks, “trim spaces” and “to lower case” are in the Text category, and “is in list” is in Logic.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>{
const sp=/space|strip|whitespace|trim|tidy/i.test(p);
const sc=/shortcut|single letter|one letter|first letter|abbreviat|initial|["'‘“][rps]["'’”]|\br,? ?p,? ?(and|or)? ?s\b/i.test(p);
return sp&&sc?"good":sp?"spaces":sc?"shortcuts":"vague";},
attempts:{vague:["lower","spaces","substring","correct"], spaces:["spaces","substring","correct"], shortcuts:["shortcuts","substring","correct"], good:["substring","correct"]},
variants:{
lower:{text:"Here's a function that validates the player's move:",
code:`def clean_move(text):
text = text.lower()
if text in ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]:
return text
return None
`, after:"It handles any messy input and rejects anything invalid by returning None. ✅",
tip:"Your prompt didn't mention spaces or shortcuts, so the AI didn't handle them, but it still claimed to handle “any messy input”. An AI fills gaps in a prompt with guesses."},
spaces:{text:"This version removes extra spaces and ignores capital letters:",
code:`def clean_move(text):
text = text.strip().lower()
if text in ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]:
return text
return None
`, after:"<code>strip()</code> removes spaces from both ends of the text.",
tip:"The AI handled spaces, but nothing in the conversation mentioned the shortcuts r, p and s, so it left them out."},
shortcuts:{text:"This version accepts single-letter shortcuts too:",
code:`def clean_move(text):
shortcuts = {"r": "rock", "p": "paper", "s": "scissors"}
text = text.lower()
text = shortcuts.get(text, text)
if text in ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]:
return text
return None
`, after:"<code>shortcuts.get(text, text)</code> swaps a shortcut for the full word.",
tip:"The AI handled shortcuts, but your prompt didn't mention spaces, so \" rock \" fails."},
substring:{text:"Here's a version that strips spaces, ignores case and accepts shortcuts:",
code:`def clean_move(text):
shortcuts = {"r": "rock", "p": "paper", "s": "scissors"}
text = text.strip().lower()
text = shortcuts.get(text, text)
if text in "rock paper scissors":
return text
return None
`, after:"It checks the cleaned text against the valid moves, so anything else returns None.",
tip:"Look at <code>if text in \"rock paper scissors\"</code>. That checks whether the text appears <i>anywhere inside</i> one long string, so an empty string and part-words like \"roc\" are accepted as moves. One character of difference from a list, and the validation has a hole in it."},
correct:{text:"Good catch. I was checking inside a string instead of a list. Here's the fix:",
code:`def clean_move(text):
shortcuts = {"r": "rock", "p": "paper", "s": "scissors"}
text = text.strip().lower()
text = shortcuts.get(text, text)
if text in ["rock", "paper", "scissors"]:
return text
return None
`, after:"Now only the three full move names are accepted.", tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Even with a detailed prompt, Pixel checked the text inside the string \"rock paper scissors\" instead of a list, which lets empty text and part-words through. Gaps in input validation are how many real security problems start. That's exactly where a human reviewer needs to look hardest."
},
{
key:"match_winner", fn:"match_winner", test:"match_winner", params:["player_score","computer_score","best_of"], ticket:"Ticket RPS-4", short:"Match winner", title:"Who wins the match?",
brief:`<p>Games are played as a match, such as “best of 3”. Write a function that works out whether someone has won the match yet.</p>
<p>In a best of 3, you need 2 wins. In a best of 5, you need 3. Draws don't count as wins.</p>`,
sig:"def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):",
rules:["player_score and computer_score are the number of rounds each has won.",
"best_of is an odd number such as 3, 5 or 7.",
"A side wins the match when it has won more than half of best_of rounds (2 wins in a best of 3, 3 wins in a best of 5).",
"Return \"player\" or \"computer\" if that side has won the match.",
"Return None if nobody has won yet."],
examples:[["match_winner(2, 0, 3)","\"player\""],["match_winner(1, 0, 3)","None"],["match_winner(2, 3, 5)","\"computer\""]],
starterPy:`def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):
# Return "player", "computer" or None
return None
`,
starterReturn:{type:"rps_none"},
hints:[
`First work out how many wins are needed. For best of 3 it's 2, for best of 5 it's 3, for best of 7 it's 4. Can you find a formula using <code>best_of</code>?`,
`<pre>needed = best_of // 2 + 1</pre><code>//</code> divides and rounds down, so 5 // 2 is 2. Then check whether <code>player_score</code> or <code>computer_score</code> has reached <code>needed</code>. In blocks, the <b>//</b> block is in Math.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>/first to|majority|more than half|half|wins? needed|needed to win|need(s)? \d|still (going|playing|on)|not (yet )?(finished|over|won)|no ?one|nobody|none/i.test(p) ? "good":"vague",
attempts:{vague:["higher","hardcoded","offbyone","correct"], good:["offbyone","correct"]},
variants:{
higher:{text:"Here's a function to decide the match winner:",
code:`def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):
if player_score > computer_score:
return "player"
elif computer_score > player_score:
return "computer"
return None
`, after:"Whoever has the higher score wins, and if the scores are level it returns None.",
tip:"The AI never uses best_of, so it declares a winner after a 1–0 lead. Explain when a match is actually over."},
hardcoded:{text:"Here's a simpler version. The first to 2 wins takes the match:",
code:`def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):
if player_score >= 2:
return "player"
if computer_score >= 2:
return "computer"
return None
`, after:"This works for any match length.",
tip:"The AI hard-coded 2 wins, which is only right for a best of 3, and then claimed it works for any match length. In a best of 5 it ends the match too early."},
offbyone:{text:"This version works out how many wins are needed from best_of, so it works for any match length:",
code:`def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):
wins_needed = best_of // 2
if player_score >= wins_needed and player_score > computer_score:
return "player"
if computer_score >= wins_needed and computer_score > player_score:
return "computer"
return None
`, after:"For a best of 5, <code>wins_needed</code> is 3.",
tip:"Check the AI's arithmetic: <code>5 // 2</code> is 2, not 3 as it claimed. It's out by one, so a 1–0 lead wins a best of 3. Off-by-one errors are among the most common bugs people and AI make."},
correct:{text:"You're right, I was out by one. More than half needs one extra win:",
code:`def match_winner(player_score, computer_score, best_of):
wins_needed = best_of // 2 + 1
if player_score >= wins_needed:
return "player"
if computer_score >= wins_needed:
return "computer"
return None
`, after:"For a best of 5, <code>wins_needed</code> is 5 // 2 + 1 = 3.", tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Pixel ignored best_of, hard-coded a value, or was out by one, and each time described its code as working for any match length. Notice that every wrong version still passed most of the tests. A few passing tests are not proof that code is correct, which is why developers think carefully about edge cases."
},
{
key:"beats5", fn:"beats", test:"beats5", params:["a","b"], ticket:"Ticket RPS-5", short:"Lizard and Spock", title:"Feature request: lizard and Spock",
brief:`<p>The client has seen your game and wants two new moves: <b>lizard</b> 🦎 and <b>Spock</b> 🖖. Update your <code>beats</code> function to handle all five moves.</p>
<p>Changing working code to add a feature is everyday work for developers. Code that is easy to change is called <b>maintainable</b>.</p>
<p class="small muted">The new rules: scissors cut paper, paper covers rock, rock crushes lizard, lizard poisons Spock, Spock smashes scissors, scissors decapitate lizard, lizard eats paper, paper disproves Spock, Spock vaporises rock, and rock blunts scissors.</p>`,
sig:"def beats(a, b):",
rules:["a and b are each \"rock\", \"paper\", \"scissors\", \"lizard\" or \"spock\", all in lowercase.",
"Return True if move a beats move b, otherwise False.",
"scissors beats paper and lizard; paper beats rock and spock; rock beats lizard and scissors; lizard beats spock and paper; spock beats scissors and rock."],
examples:[["beats(\"lizard\", \"spock\")","True"],["beats(\"spock\", \"rock\")","True"],["beats(\"rock\", \"spock\")","False"]],
starterFrom:"beats",
starterReturn:{type:"logic_boolean",fields:{BOOL:"FALSE"}},
hints:[
`You could add seven more <code>if</code> checks. A neater way is to store, for each move, the list of moves it beats. Then the answer is just whether <code>b</code> is in <code>a</code>'s list.`,
`<pre>wins_against = {
"rock": ["lizard", "scissors"],
"paper": ["rock", "spock"],
# ... the other three moves
}
return b in wins_against[a]</pre>In blocks, you can use “if a = … and b is in list …” for each move.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>{const verbs=(p.match(/cuts?|covers?|crush(es)?|poisons?|smash(es)?|decapitates?|eats?|disproves?|vapori[sz]es?|blunts?/gi)||[]).length;
const beatsCount=(p.match(/beats/gi)||[]).length;
return (verbs>=4||beatsCount>=4)?"good":"vague";},
attempts:{vague:["wrongrules","capital","correct"], good:["capital","correct"]},
variants:{
wrongrules:{text:"Rock Paper Scissors Lizard Spock, great choice! Here's the updated function with all the rules:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
rules = {
"rock": ["scissors", "spock"],
"paper": ["rock", "spock"],
"scissors": ["paper", "lizard"],
"lizard": ["paper", "spock"],
"spock": ["scissors", "lizard"],
}
return b in rules[a]
`, after:"These are the official rules from the TV show, so they're accurate.",
tip:"Without the rules in your prompt, the AI wrote them from memory and confidently got some wrong: rock doesn't beat Spock, and Spock vaporises rock, not lizard. Paste the rules into your prompt."},
capital:{text:"Here's the updated function, using exactly the rules you gave me:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
rules = {
"scissors": ["paper", "lizard"],
"paper": ["rock", "Spock"],
"rock": ["lizard", "scissors"],
"lizard": ["Spock", "paper"],
"Spock": ["scissors", "rock"],
}
return b in rules[a]
`, after:"All ten rules are included.",
tip:"The rules are right this time, but the AI wrote \"Spock\" with a capital S. The specification says every move is lowercase, so <code>beats(\"spock\", \"rock\")</code> crashes with a KeyError. Tell Pixel about the error and ask again."},
correct:{text:"Sorry, the moves should all be lowercase. Here's the corrected version:",
code:`def beats(a, b):
rules = {
"scissors": {"paper", "lizard"},
"paper": {"rock", "spock"},
"rock": {"lizard", "scissors"},
"lizard": {"spock", "paper"},
"spock": {"scissors", "rock"},
}
return b in rules.get(a, set())
`, after:"<code>rules.get(a, set())</code> means an unknown move returns False instead of crashing.", tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Without the rules, Pixel invented some and said they were official. With the rules, it still capitalised Spock and broke the game. Confident but wrong answers like these are often called hallucinations. Also compare how much code each team changed: a dictionary of rules needed a small edit, while a chain of if statements needed many."
},
{
key:"choose_move", fn:"choose_move", test:"choose_move", params:["history"], ticket:"Ticket RPS-6", short:"Computer opponent", title:"Build the computer opponent",
brief:`<p>The client wants a computer opponent that's harder to beat than a random one. Write a strategy function that chooses the computer's next move.</p>
<p><code>history</code> is a list of the moves the other player has made so far, oldest first, for example <code>["rock", "rock", "paper"]</code>. It's empty on the first round.</p>
<p>Your strategy plays 60 rounds against each of five practice bots. <b>Beat at least 3 of them</b> (win more rounds than you lose) to pass. Each bot you beat earns bonus points.</p>
<div class="ex-wrap"><table class="ex"><tr><th>Bot</th><th>How it plays</th></tr>
<tr><td>Rocky</td><td>Always plays rock.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cycler</td><td>Rock, paper, scissors, rock, paper, scissors…</td></tr>
<tr><td>Copycat</td><td>Copies whatever you played last round.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Counter</td><td>Plays whatever would have beaten your last move.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Paper Fan</td><td>Plays paper 70% of the time.</td></tr></table></div>`,
sig:"def choose_move(history):",
rules:["history is a list of the opponent's previous moves, oldest first, for example [\"rock\", \"rock\", \"paper\"]. It is empty on the first round.",
"Return \"rock\", \"paper\" or \"scissors\" as the next move.",
"The aim is to beat opponents that follow patterns, such as always playing rock, cycling rock-paper-scissors, copying your last move, or playing whatever would have beaten your last move."],
examples:[["choose_move([])","\"paper\" (any move is fine)"],["choose_move([\"rock\", \"rock\"])","\"paper\" would beat another rock"]],
starterPy:`def choose_move(history):
# history is a list of the opponent's moves so far
return "rock"
`,
starterReturn:{type:"rps_move",fields:{MOVE:"rock"}},
hints:[
`Many opponents are predictable from their <b>last</b> move. <code>history[-1]</code> is the most recent move in the list. Remember to handle the first round, when <code>history</code> is empty.`,
`Try playing the move that beats the opponent's last move:<pre>if len(history) == 0:
return "paper"
last = history[-1]
if last == "rock":
return "paper"
# ... and so on</pre>In blocks, “length of” and “in list get last” are in the Lists category.`],
ai:{
classify:p=>/pattern|predict|most (common|often|frequent)|frequen|count|(last|previous|recent) moves?|counter|copies|copycat|cycl|always plays?|bots?\b/i.test(p) ? "good":"vague",
attempts:{vague:["random","alwayspaper","backwards","correct"], good:["backwards","correct"]},
variants:{
random:{text:"The best strategy in Rock Paper Scissors is to be unpredictable, so here's a random choice:",
code:`import random
def choose_move(history):
return random.choice(["rock", "paper", "scissors"])
`, after:"Game theory says a random strategy can't be beaten, so this is the optimal approach. 🎲",
tip:"Random play can't be exploited, but it can't exploit anyone either, so it only beats bots by luck. The AI answered a different question (how not to lose) from the one you asked (how to beat predictable bots). Describe the bots in your prompt."},
alwayspaper:{text:"Studies show most people open with rock, so paper is the strongest move:",
code:`def choose_move(history):
# Most people open with rock, so paper is the best move
return "paper"
`, after:"Simple and effective!",
tip:"The AI applied a fact about humans to bots that don't behave like humans. Playing paper every time is easy for Counter to beat. Describe the bots in your prompt."},
backwards:{text:"Here's a strategy that finds the opponent's most common move and plays whatever beats it:",
code:`from collections import Counter
def choose_move(history):
if not history:
return "paper"
most_common = Counter(history).most_common(1)[0][0]
# Play the move that beats their favourite move
counters = {"rock": "scissors", "paper": "rock", "scissors": "paper"}
return counters[most_common]
`, after:"This adapts as the game goes on, so it will beat opponents that favour one move.",
tip:"Check the AI's <code>counters</code> dictionary: scissors doesn't beat rock, it loses to it. The idea and the comment are right, but the code plays the move that <i>loses</i> to the opponent's favourite. Tell Pixel it lost to Rocky and ask again."},
correct:{text:"Oops, my dictionary was backwards. Here's the fix:",
code:`from collections import Counter
def choose_move(history):
if not history:
return "paper"
most_common = Counter(history).most_common(1)[0][0]
counters = {"rock": "paper", "paper": "scissors", "scissors": "rock"}
return counters[most_common]
`, after:"Now it plays the move that beats their favourite.", tip:""}
}
},
discussion:"Pixel's strategies sounded convincing, but one was backwards: its comment said one thing and its code did the opposite. AI-written comments and explanations can be wrong too, so developers judge code by what it actually does, using tests like this tournament. Your own strategy is a small piece of artificial intelligence: it predicts the next move from past data."
}
];
const STAGES = ALL_STAGES.filter(s=>CONFIG.STAGES.includes(s.key));
const hasStage = k => STAGES.some(s=>s.key===k);
function specText(s){ return s.sig + "\n" + s.rules.map(r=>" "+r).join("\n"); }
/* =====================================================================
State
===================================================================== */
let state = loadState();
function freshState(){
return {team:"", mode:"blocks", current:0, started:false,
stages: STAGES.map(()=>({passed:false, hints:0, py:null, blocks:null, aiBonus:false, aiCode:"", botsBeaten:0, lastMode:null}))};
}
function loadState(){
try{const s=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORE_KEY)); if(s&&s.stages&&s.stages.length===STAGES.length) return s;}catch(e){}
return freshState();