diff --git a/src/viewer/annotation-layer.css b/src/viewer/annotation-layer.css
index 0611b2b..1ce80b5 100644
--- a/src/viewer/annotation-layer.css
+++ b/src/viewer/annotation-layer.css
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@
 }
 
 .printed-contents-link:hover {
-  background: rgb(100 150 240 / 14%);
-  outline: 1px solid rgb(100 150 240 / 32%);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, transparent);
+  outline: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 32%, transparent);
 }
 
 .printed-contents-link:focus-visible {
-  outline: 2px solid Highlight;
+  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
   outline-offset: 1px;
 }
 
@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@
   pointer-events: auto;
 }
 .clickable-reference-link:hover {
-  background: rgb(100 150 240 / 14%);
-  outline: 1px solid rgb(100 150 240 / 32%);
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 14%, transparent);
+  outline: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 32%, transparent);
 }
 .clickable-reference-link:focus-visible {
-  outline: 2px solid Highlight;
+  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
 }
 html.clickable-references-disabled .clickable-reference-layer { display: none !important; }
 @media print { .clickable-reference-layer { display: none !important; } }
diff --git a/src/viewer/navigation/clickable-reference-links.js b/src/viewer/navigation/clickable-reference-links.js
index 02510ac..a01dc09 100644
--- a/src/viewer/navigation/clickable-reference-links.js
+++ b/src/viewer/navigation/clickable-reference-links.js
@@ -32,16 +32,105 @@ function superscriptMarker(items, index, viewport) {
     kind: "footnote", number: Number(item.str.trim()) };
 }
 
+// Visible web addresses in a PDF are not always annotated as hyperlinks.
+// Detect only HTTP(S) URLs; never execute schemes embedded in document text.
+const WRITTEN_URL = /https?:\/\/[^\s<>"“”‘’]+/gi;
+
+function trimWrittenUrl(value) {
+  let result = value;
+  while (result.length) {
+    const last = result.at(-1);
+    if (/[.,;:!?'"\u2019\u201d}]/.test(last)) {
+      result = result.slice(0, -1);
+    } else if (last === ")" || last === "]") {
+      const opening = last === ")" ? "(" : "[";
+      const opens = [...result].filter(char => char === opening).length;
+      const closes = [...result].filter(char => char === last).length;
+      if (closes <= opens) break; // Keep balanced parentheses in URL paths.
+      result = result.slice(0, -1);
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function separateTextRuns(previous, current) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(previous?.transform) || !Array.isArray(current?.transform)) return false;
+  const size = Math.max(Math.abs(previous.height || 0), Math.abs(current.height || 0), 2);
+  if (Math.abs(previous.transform[5] - current.transform[5]) > size * 0.6) return true;
+  // PDF.js sometimes omits an intervening space from adjacent text items.
+  // Do not combine a URL with a visually separated word or column.
+  return typeof previous.width === "number" &&
+    current.transform[4] - (previous.transform[4] + previous.width) > Math.max(2, size * 0.4);
+}
+
+export function findWrittenUrlReferences(items = []) {
+  const references = [];
+  let run = "";
+  let pieces = [];
+  let urlId = 0;
+
+  function flush() {
+    for (const match of run.matchAll(WRITTEN_URL)) {
+      // Reject embedded scheme-like substrings within an ordinary word.
+      if (match.index > 0 && /[\p{L}\p{N}_@]/u.test(run[match.index - 1])) continue;
+      const text = trimWrittenUrl(match[0]);
+      if (!text || text.length > 2048) continue;
+      let url;
+      try {
+        const parsed = new URL(text);
+        if (!["http:", "https:"].includes(parsed.protocol) || !parsed.hostname) continue;
+        url = parsed.href;
+      } catch {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const end = match.index + text.length;
+      const id = urlId++;
+      for (const piece of pieces) {
+        const start = Math.max(match.index, piece.start);
+        const stop = Math.min(end, piece.end);
+        if (start < stop) references.push({
+          kind: "url", url, urlId: id, itemIndex: piece.itemIndex,
+          start: start - piece.start, end: stop - piece.start,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    run = "";
+    pieces = [];
+  }
+
+  for (const [itemIndex, item] of (items || []).entries()) {
+    if (typeof item?.str !== "string") {
+      flush();
+      continue;
+    }
+    const previous = pieces.length ? items[pieces.at(-1).itemIndex] : null;
+    if (previous && (previous.hasEOL || separateTextRuns(previous, item))) flush();
+    const start = run.length;
+    run += item.str;
+    pieces.push({ itemIndex, start, end: run.length });
+    if (item.hasEOL || run.length > 16384) flush();
+  }
+  flush();
+  return references;
+}
+
 export function findClickableReferences(items, { pageCount, sectionTargets = new Map(), viewport } = {}) {
   const matches = [];
   // Index confirmed note labels so ordinary body numbers remain selectable.
   const labels = new Map((viewport ? footnotesForPage(items || [], viewport, 1) : [])
     .filter(note => note.markerItemIndex >= 0)
     .map(note => [note.markerItemIndex, note]));
+  const urlReferencesByItem = new Map();
+  for (const url of findWrittenUrlReferences(items)) {
+    if (!urlReferencesByItem.has(url.itemIndex)) urlReferencesByItem.set(url.itemIndex, []);
+    urlReferencesByItem.get(url.itemIndex).push(url);
+  }
   for (const [itemIndex, item] of (items || []).entries()) {
     const content = item?.str;
     if (typeof content !== "string") continue;
-    const candidates = [];
+    const candidates = [...(urlReferencesByItem.get(itemIndex) || [])];
     const note = labels.get(itemIndex);
     const label = note && content.match(/^\s*(?:\[\s*\d+\s*\]|\(\s*\d+\s*\)|\d+[.)]?)(?=\s|$)/);
     if (label) candidates.push({ itemIndex, start: 0, end: label[0].length,
@@ -132,31 +221,50 @@ export function createClickableReferenceLayer({
   const nativeLinks = Array.from(annotationsLayer.querySelectorAll(".linkAnnotation a"))
     .flatMap((anchor) => Array.from(anchor.getClientRects()));
   const references = findClickableReferences(items, { pageCount, sectionTargets, viewport });
+  const placements = [];
+  const nativeUrlIds = new Set();
   for (const ref of references) {
     const span = textDivs[ref.itemIndex];
     if (!span || span.textContent.length !== items[ref.itemIndex].str.length) continue;
     const range = textRange(span, ref.start, ref.end);
     if (!range) continue;
-    const title = ref.kind === "section" ? "Jump to section " + ref.label :
+    const rects = Array.from(range.getClientRects());
+    // If even part of a written URL already has an embedded PDF link,
+    // leave the entire URL to the native annotation, including split spans.
+    if (ref.kind === "url" && rects.some(rect => nativeLinks.some(link => overlap(rect, link)))) {
+      nativeUrlIds.add(ref.urlId);
+    }
+    placements.push({ ref, rects });
+  }
+  for (const { ref, rects } of placements) {
+    if (ref.kind === "url" && nativeUrlIds.has(ref.urlId)) continue;
+    const title = ref.kind === "url" ? "Open " + ref.url :
+      ref.kind === "section" ? "Jump to section " + ref.label :
       "Jump to " + (ref.kind === "page" ? "page " : "footnote ") + ref.number;
-    for (const rect of range.getClientRects()) {
-      if (rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0 || nativeLinks.some((link) => overlap(rect, link))) continue;
+    for (const rect of rects) {
+      if (rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0 || nativeLinks.some(link => overlap(rect, link))) continue;
       const left = Math.max(0, rect.left - pageRect.left);
       const top = Math.max(0, rect.top - pageRect.top);
       const width = Math.min(rect.width, pageRect.width - left);
       const height = Math.min(rect.height, pageRect.height - top);
       if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) continue;
-      const button = document.createElement("button");
-      button.type = "button";
-      button.className = "clickable-reference-link";
-      button.style.left = (left / pageRect.width * 100) + "%";
-      button.style.top = (top / pageRect.height * 100) + "%";
-      button.style.width = (width / pageRect.width * 100) + "%";
-      button.style.height = (height / pageRect.height * 100) + "%";
-      button.title = title;
-      button.setAttribute("aria-label", title);
-      button.addEventListener("click", () => onNavigate(ref));
-      layer.append(button);
+      const link = document.createElement(ref.kind === "url" ? "a" : "button");
+      if (ref.kind === "url") {
+        link.href = ref.url;
+        link.target = "_blank";
+        link.rel = "noopener noreferrer";
+      } else {
+        link.type = "button";
+        link.addEventListener("click", () => onNavigate(ref));
+      }
+      link.className = "clickable-reference-link";
+      link.style.left = (left / pageRect.width * 100) + "%";
+      link.style.top = (top / pageRect.height * 100) + "%";
+      link.style.width = (width / pageRect.width * 100) + "%";
+      link.style.height = (height / pageRect.height * 100) + "%";
+      link.title = title;
+      link.setAttribute("aria-label", title);
+      layer.append(link);
     }
   }
   return layer;
diff --git a/tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs b/tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs
index a517d61..9777a72 100644
--- a/tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs
+++ b/tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import test from "node:test";
 import {
-  findClickableReferences, referenceClicksEnabled,
+  findClickableReferences, findWrittenUrlReferences, createClickableReferenceLayer, referenceClicksEnabled,
 } from "../src/viewer/navigation/clickable-reference-links.js";
 
 const viewport = {
@@ -64,3 +64,144 @@ test("reference preference is in More PDF tools and only controls inferred links
   // Embedded PDF links are still handled by PDF.js, not by this preference.
   assert.match(viewer, /new AnnotationLayer\(\{/);
 });
+
+test("generated hyperlinks use the theme accent without restyling native PDF links", () => {
+  const css = readFileSync(new URL("../src/viewer/annotation-layer.css", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const hoverRules = [
+    css.match(/\.printed-contents-link:hover\s*\{([^}]*)\}/)?.[1],
+    css.match(/\.clickable-reference-link:hover\s*\{([^}]*)\}/)?.[1],
+  ];
+  const focusRules = [
+    css.match(/\.printed-contents-link:focus-visible\s*\{([^}]*)\}/)?.[1],
+    css.match(/\.clickable-reference-link:focus-visible\s*\{([^}]*)\}/)?.[1],
+  ];
+  for (const hover of hoverRules) {
+    assert.ok(hover, "generated link hover styling must exist");
+    assert.match(hover, /background:\s*color-mix\(in srgb, var\(--accent\) 14%, transparent\)/);
+    assert.match(hover, /outline:\s*1px solid color-mix\(in srgb, var\(--accent\) 32%, transparent\)/);
+  }
+  for (const focus of focusRules) {
+    assert.ok(focus, "generated link keyboard focus styling must exist");
+    assert.match(focus, /outline:\s*2px solid var\(--accent\)/);
+  }
+  // Keep native PDF.js link annotations independent of the accent treatment.
+  const nativeRule = css.match(/\.annotation-layer \.linkAnnotation\s*\{([^}]*)\}/)?.[1] ?? "";
+  assert.doesNotMatch(nativeRule, /--accent|color-mix|background|outline/);
+});
+
+test("plain HTTP and HTTPS text becomes an inferred link, with punctuation trimmed", () => {
+  const cases = [
+    ["Read https://example.org/report.pdf.", "https://example.org/report.pdf"],
+    ["See (https://example.org/path_(v2)).", "https://example.org/path_(v2)"],
+    ["Visit http://localhost:4173/docs?q=1&v=2, thanks.", "http://localhost:4173/docs?q=1&v=2"],
+    ["See https://example.com/a#section-2!", "https://example.com/a#section-2"],
+  ];
+  for (const [text, expected] of cases) {
+    const refs = findWrittenUrlReferences([{ str: text }]);
+    assert.equal(refs.length, 1, text);
+    assert.equal(refs[0].kind, "url");
+    assert.equal(refs[0].url, expected);
+    assert.equal(text.slice(refs[0].start, refs[0].end), expected);
+  }
+});
+
+test("URL detection does not invent links from unsupported schemes or incomplete addresses", () => {
+  const items = [{ str: "ftp://example.org javascript:alert(1) https:// http:// no-url" }];
+  assert.deepEqual(findWrittenUrlReferences(items), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(findWrittenUrlReferences([{ str: "prefixhttps://example.org" }]), []);
+});
+
+test("adjacent PDF.js text fragments can jointly form a URL", () => {
+  const items = [
+    { str: "Visit https://exa" },
+    { str: "mple.org/docs" },
+    { str: " for details.", hasEOL: true },
+  ];
+  const refs = findWrittenUrlReferences(items);
+  assert.equal(refs.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(refs.map(ref => [ref.itemIndex, ref.start, ref.end]), [
+    [0, 6, 17], [1, 0, 13],
+  ]);
+  assert.ok(refs.every(ref => ref.url === "https://example.org/docs" && ref.urlId === refs[0].urlId));
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    findClickableReferences(items, { pageCount: 20, viewport }).filter(ref => ref.kind === "url"),
+    refs,
+  );
+});
+
+test("line breaks and distant text fragments do not extend a URL", () => {
+  assert.equal(findWrittenUrlReferences([
+    { str: "https://example.com", hasEOL: true },
+    { str: "unrelated", hasEOL: true },
+  ])[0].url, "https://example.com/");
+  assert.equal(findWrittenUrlReferences([
+    { str: "https://example.com", transform: [1, 0, 0, 12, 0, 300], height: 12, width: 115 },
+    { str: "unrelated", transform: [1, 0, 0, 12, 250, 300], height: 12, width: 60 },
+  ])[0].url, "https://example.com/");
+});
+
+test("written URLs render as secure anchors and never overlap native PDF links", () => {
+  const previousDocument = globalThis.document;
+  const previousNodeFilter = globalThis.NodeFilter;
+  let currentSpan;
+  globalThis.NodeFilter = { SHOW_TEXT: 4 };
+  globalThis.document = {
+    createElement(tag) {
+      return {
+        tag, style: {}, children: [],
+        append(child) { this.children.push(child); },
+        setAttribute(name, value) { this[name] = value; },
+        addEventListener() {},
+      };
+    },
+    createTreeWalker(span) {
+      currentSpan = span;
+      let visited = false;
+      return {
+        nextNode() {
+          if (visited) return null;
+          visited = true;
+          return { textContent: span.textContent };
+        },
+      };
+    },
+    createRange() {
+      return {
+        setStart() {},
+        setEnd() {},
+        getClientRects() { return [currentSpan.rect]; },
+      };
+    },
+  };
+  try {
+    const text = "https://example.org/";
+    const rect = { left: 30, top: 30, width: 120, height: 16, right: 150, bottom: 46 };
+    const params = {
+      pageElement: { getBoundingClientRect: () => ({ left: 0, top: 0, width: 800, height: 1000 }) },
+      items: [{ str: text }], textDivs: [{ textContent: text, rect }],
+      annotationsLayer: { querySelectorAll: () => [] },
+      viewport, pageCount: 3, sectionTargets: new Map(),
+      onNavigate: () => { throw new Error("URLs should use anchor navigation"); },
+    };
+    const layer = createClickableReferenceLayer(params);
+    assert.equal(layer.children.length, 1);
+    const link = layer.children[0];
+    assert.equal(link.tag, "a");
+    assert.equal(link.href, text);
+    assert.equal(link.target, "_blank");
+    assert.equal(link.rel, "noopener noreferrer");
+    assert.equal(link.className, "clickable-reference-link");
+    assert.equal(link["aria-label"], "Open " + text);
+
+    const nativeLayer = createClickableReferenceLayer({
+      ...params,
+      annotationsLayer: { querySelectorAll: () => [{ getClientRects: () => [rect] }] },
+    });
+    assert.equal(nativeLayer.children.length, 0);
+  } finally {
+    if (previousDocument === undefined) delete globalThis.document;
+    else globalThis.document = previousDocument;
+    if (previousNodeFilter === undefined) delete globalThis.NodeFilter;
+    else globalThis.NodeFilter = previousNodeFilter;
+  }
+});