diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 814a18e..d29e475 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "scripts": {
     "build": "node scripts/build.mjs",
     "check": "node scripts/check-extension.mjs",
-    "test": "node --test tests/enhancer-setup.test.mjs tests/document-title.test.mjs tests/metadata-doi.test.mjs tests/local-file-favicon.test.mjs tests/page-tab-labels.test.mjs tests/minimap.test.mjs tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs tests/printed-page-jump.test.mjs tests/markdown-copy.test.mjs tests/terminal-punctuation-selection.test.mjs tests/footnote-click-copy.test.mjs tests/chatgpt-summary-popup.test.mjs tests/chatgpt-pdf-relay.test.mjs tests/selection-gaps.test.mjs"
+    "test": "node --test tests/enhancer-setup.test.mjs tests/document-title.test.mjs tests/metadata-doi.test.mjs tests/local-file-favicon.test.mjs tests/page-tab-labels.test.mjs tests/minimap.test.mjs tests/clickable-reference-links.test.mjs tests/printed-page-jump.test.mjs tests/markdown-copy.test.mjs tests/terminal-punctuation-selection.test.mjs tests/footnote-click-copy.test.mjs tests/chatgpt-summary-popup.test.mjs tests/chatgpt-pdf-relay.test.mjs tests/selection-gaps.test.mjs tests/image-gallery.test.mjs"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "pdfjs-dist": "6.3.289",
diff --git a/src/viewer.html b/src/viewer.html
index eeb4de1..0c8b864 100644
--- a/src/viewer.html
+++ b/src/viewer.html
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/theme/image-color-toggle.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/sharing/qr-file-url.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/annotation-layer.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/images/image-gallery.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/navigation/section-cross-reference-panel.css" />
     <link rel="stylesheet" href="viewer/navigation/footnote-cross-reference-panel.css" />
   </head>
@@ -327,6 +328,7 @@ <h2 id="qr-file-url-title">Scan file URL</h2>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/document-identity.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/enhance-pdf.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/viewer.js"></script>
+    <script type="module" src="viewer/images/image-gallery.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/navigation/rapid-page-navigation.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/selection/text-selection.js"></script>
     <script type="module" src="viewer/search/search-highlight-cues.js"></script>
diff --git a/src/viewer/images/image-gallery-utils.js b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery-utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d02a76f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery-utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Coordinates are normalized to the unrotated, rendered PDF page. Each
+// image contributes three corners: top-left, bottom-left, and top-right.
+const clampUnit = (value) => Math.max(0, Math.min(1, value));
+
+export function imageRegionsFromCoordinates(coordinates, pageWidth, pageHeight, {
+  minimumSide = 24,
+  maximumPageCoverage = 0.8,
+} = {}) {
+  if (!coordinates?.length || !pageWidth || !pageHeight) return [];
+  const regions = [];
+  for (let offset = 0; offset + 5 < coordinates.length; offset += 6) {
+    const corners = Array.from(coordinates.slice(offset, offset + 6));
+    if (!corners.every(Number.isFinite)) continue;
+    const [ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy] = corners;
+    const xs = [ax, bx, cx, bx + cx - ax];
+    const ys = [ay, by, cy, by + cy - ay];
+    const x = clampUnit(Math.min(...xs));
+    const y = clampUnit(Math.min(...ys));
+    const width = clampUnit(Math.max(...xs)) - x;
+    const height = clampUnit(Math.max(...ys)) - y;
+    if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) continue;
+    if (width * height >= maximumPageCoverage) continue; // scanned page backgrounds
+    if (width * pageWidth < minimumSide || height * pageHeight < minimumSide) continue;
+    regions.push({ x, y, width, height });
+  }
+  return regions;
+}
+
+export function imageCropPixels(region, canvasWidth, canvasHeight) {
+  const x = Math.max(0, Math.floor(region.x * canvasWidth));
+  const y = Math.max(0, Math.floor(region.y * canvasHeight));
+  return {
+    x,
+    y,
+    width: Math.min(canvasWidth - x, Math.max(1, Math.ceil((region.x + region.width) * canvasWidth) - x)),
+    height: Math.min(canvasHeight - y, Math.max(1, Math.ceil((region.y + region.height) * canvasHeight) - y)),
+  };
+}
diff --git a/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.css b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0e785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.css
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+.image-gallery-dialog {
+  width: min(1000px, calc(100vw - 30px));
+  max-width: none;
+  max-height: min(92dvh, 1000px);
+  margin: auto;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: 1px solid var(--border);
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  color: var(--text);
+  background: var(--toolbar-bg);
+  box-shadow: 0 28px 100px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);
+}
+.image-gallery-dialog::backdrop { background: rgb(0 0 0 / 76%); backdrop-filter: blur(6px); }
+.image-gallery-panel { display: flex; flex-direction: column; height: min(820px, 90dvh); min-height: 320px; }
+.image-gallery-header, .image-gallery-footer {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 12px 18px;
+}
+.image-gallery-header { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
+.image-gallery-header h2 { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 650; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0; }
+.image-gallery-status { color: var(--muted); font-size: 12px; margin: 4px 0 0; }
+.image-gallery-close, .image-gallery-previous, .image-gallery-next {
+  flex: none;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  padding: 0;
+  border: 0;
+  border-radius: 9px;
+  background: var(--control-bg);
+  color: var(--text);
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.image-gallery-close { width: 32px; height: 32px; font-size: 25px; }
+.image-gallery-previous, .image-gallery-next { width: 38px; height: 56px; font-size: 36px; }
+.image-gallery-close:hover, .image-gallery-previous:hover:not(:disabled), .image-gallery-next:hover:not(:disabled), .image-gallery-jump:hover { background: var(--control-hover); }
+.image-gallery-dialog button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--search-focus-border); outline-offset: 2px; }
+.image-gallery-dialog button:disabled { opacity: 0.25; cursor: default; }
+.image-gallery-stage {
+  min-height: 0;
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+  padding: 14px;
+}
+.image-gallery-picture {
+  min-height: 0;
+  flex: 1;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: rgb(120 120 125 / 8%);
+  border-radius: 10px;
+}
+.image-gallery-picture img { display: block; width: auto; height: auto; max-width: 100%; max-height: 100%; object-fit: contain; filter: none; }
+.image-gallery-empty { max-width: 35ch; color: var(--muted); font-size: 13px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.6; }
+.image-gallery-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); font-size: 13px; }
+.image-gallery-jump { padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px; background: var(--control-bg); color: var(--text); cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap; }
+.image-gallery-thumbnails {
+  display: flex;
+  flex: none;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 10px 14px 14px;
+  min-height: 105px;
+  max-height: 145px;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  overflow-y: hidden;
+  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
+  overscroll-behavior-inline: contain;
+}
+.image-gallery-thumb {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  align-items: center;
+  flex: 0 0 90px;
+  height: 100px;
+  gap: 5px;
+  padding: 5px;
+  border: 2px solid transparent;
+  border-radius: 9px;
+  background: var(--control-bg);
+  color: var(--muted);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+.image-gallery-thumb[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--page-border); color: var(--text); }
+.image-gallery-thumb img { max-width: 100%; max-height: 68px; min-height: 0; object-fit: contain; border-radius: 3px; filter: none; }
+@media (max-width: 540px) {
+  .image-gallery-stage { gap: 5px; padding: 6px; }
+  .image-gallery-previous, .image-gallery-next { width: 29px; height: 45px; font-size: 29px; }
+  .image-gallery-header, .image-gallery-footer { padding: 10px; }
+  .image-gallery-dialog { width: calc(100vw - 12px); }
+}
diff --git a/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.js b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e8280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/viewer/images/image-gallery.js
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+import { pdfDocumentSessionReady } from "../pdf-document-session.js";
+import { imageCropPixels, imageRegionsFromCoordinates } from "./image-gallery-utils.js";
+
+const menu = document.querySelector("#tools-menu");
+const menuToggle = document.querySelector("#tools-button");
+if (menu && menuToggle) {
+  installImageGallery(menu, menuToggle);
+}
+
+function installImageGallery(toolsMenu, toolsButton) {
+  const openButton = document.createElement("button");
+  openButton.id = "open-image-gallery";
+  openButton.type = "button";
+  openButton.className = "tool-button";
+  openButton.setAttribute("role", "menuitem");
+  openButton.textContent = "▧  Browse document images";
+  toolsMenu.insertBefore(openButton, toolsMenu.querySelector("#qr-file-url"));
+
+  const dialog = document.createElement("dialog");
+  dialog.className = "image-gallery-dialog";
+  dialog.setAttribute("aria-labelledby", "image-gallery-title");
+  dialog.innerHTML = [
+    '<section class="image-gallery-panel">',
+    '<header class="image-gallery-header">',
+    '<div><h2 id="image-gallery-title">Document images</h2><p class="image-gallery-status" role="status" aria-live="polite"></p></div>',
+    '<button type="button" class="image-gallery-close" aria-label="Close image gallery" title="Close">×</button>',
+    '</header>',
+    '<div class="image-gallery-stage">',
+    '<button type="button" class="image-gallery-previous" aria-label="Previous image" title="Previous image (Left arrow)">‹</button>',
+    '<div class="image-gallery-picture"><img alt="" hidden /><p class="image-gallery-empty">Finding images in this document…</p></div>',
+    '<button type="button" class="image-gallery-next" aria-label="Next image" title="Next image (Right arrow)">›</button>',
+    '</div>',
+    '<footer class="image-gallery-footer">',
+    '<span class="image-gallery-caption" aria-live="polite"></span>',
+    '<button type="button" class="image-gallery-jump" disabled>Go to page</button>',
+    '</footer>',
+    '<div class="image-gallery-thumbnails" role="group" aria-label="Document image thumbnails"></div>',
+    '</section>',
+  ].join("");
+  document.body.append(dialog);
+
+  const status = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-status");
+  const picture = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-picture img");
+  const empty = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-empty");
+  const previous = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-previous");
+  const next = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-next");
+  const caption = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-caption");
+  const jump = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-jump");
+  const thumbnails = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-thumbnails");
+  const close = dialog.querySelector(".image-gallery-close");
+
+  const entries = [];
+  let pdfDocument = null;
+  let nextPageToScan = 1;
+  let scannedPages = 0;
+  let failedPages = 0;
+  let scanJob = null;
+  let scanController = null;
+  let scanTask = null;
+  let selectionTask = null;
+  let selectionVersion = 0;
+  let selectedIndex = -1;
+  let selectedUrl = null;
+
+  function updateScanStatus() {
+    if (!pdfDocument) return;
+    const finished = nextPageToScan > pdfDocument.numPages;
+    status.textContent = finished
+      ? entries.length + " images on " + pdfDocument.numPages + " pages" +
+        (failedPages ? " (" + failedPages + " pages could not be scanned)" : "")
+      : "Scanning page " + Math.min(nextPageToScan, pdfDocument.numPages) +
+        " of " + pdfDocument.numPages + " · " + entries.length + " images found";
+    if (selectedIndex === -1) {
+      empty.textContent = finished
+        ? "No embedded images found. Vector drawings and scanned page backgrounds are not included."
+        : "Searching for embedded images…";
+    }
+  }
+
+  function select(index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= entries.length || !dialog.open) return;
+    selectedIndex = index;
+    const entry = entries[index];
+    caption.textContent = "Image " + (index + 1) + " of " + entries.length + " · PDF page " + entry.pageNumber;
+    previous.disabled = index === 0;
+    next.disabled = index === entries.length - 1;
+    jump.disabled = false;
+    for (const [itemIndex, item] of entries.entries()) {
+      item.button.setAttribute("aria-pressed", String(itemIndex === index));
+    }
+    entry.button.scrollIntoView({ block: "nearest", inline: "nearest" });
+    selectionVersion += 1;
+    const version = selectionVersion;
+    selectionTask?.cancel();
+    selectionTask = null;
+    picture.hidden = true;
+    empty.hidden = false;
+    empty.textContent = "Rendering image…";
+    void renderSelection(entry, version);
+  }
+
+  async function renderSelection(entry, version) {
+    let page;
+    let canvas;
+    let url;
+    try {
+      page = await pdfDocument.getPage(entry.pageNumber);
+      if (version !== selectionVersion || !dialog.open) return;
+      const base = page.getViewport({ scale: 1, rotation: 0 });
+      const maximumScale = Math.min(
+        4,
+        Math.sqrt(16_000_000 / Math.max(1, base.width * base.height)),
+        8192 / Math.max(base.width, base.height),
+      );
+      const scale = Math.max(0.05, Math.min(maximumScale, 1200 / Math.max(1, base.width * entry.region.width)));
+      const viewport = page.getViewport({ scale, rotation: 0 });
+      canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+      canvas.width = Math.max(1, Math.floor(viewport.width));
+      canvas.height = Math.max(1, Math.floor(viewport.height));
+      const task = page.render({
+        canvasContext: canvas.getContext("2d", { alpha: false }),
+        viewport,
+      });
+      selectionTask = task;
+      await task.promise;
+      if (selectionTask === task) selectionTask = null;
+      if (version !== selectionVersion || !dialog.open) return;
+      url = await encodeCrop(canvas, entry.region, 1800, 1800);
+      if (version !== selectionVersion || !dialog.open) return;
+      if (selectedUrl) URL.revokeObjectURL(selectedUrl);
+      selectedUrl = url;
+      url = null;
+      picture.src = selectedUrl;
+      picture.alt = "Embedded image " + (selectedIndex + 1) + ", PDF page " + entry.pageNumber;
+      picture.hidden = false;
+      empty.hidden = true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (version === selectionVersion && dialog.open) {
+        picture.src = entry.thumbnailUrl;
+        picture.alt = "Image preview from PDF page " + entry.pageNumber;
+        picture.hidden = false;
+        empty.hidden = true;
+      }
+    } finally {
+      if (url) URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+      if (canvas) { canvas.width = 0; canvas.height = 0; }
+      // PDF.js defers cleanup while other rendering tasks still use the page.
+      page?.cleanup();
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function encodeCrop(source, region, limitWidth, limitHeight) {
+    const crop = imageCropPixels(region, source.width, source.height);
+    const ratio = Math.min(1, limitWidth / crop.width, limitHeight / crop.height);
+    const output = document.createElement("canvas");
+    output.width = Math.max(1, Math.round(crop.width * ratio));
+    output.height = Math.max(1, Math.round(crop.height * ratio));
+    output.getContext("2d", { alpha: false }).drawImage(
+      source, crop.x, crop.y, crop.width, crop.height,
+      0, 0, output.width, output.height,
+    );
+    try {
+      const blob = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        output.toBlob((value) => value ? resolve(value) : reject(new Error("Image encoding failed")), "image/webp", 0.9);
+      });
+      return URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+    } finally {
+      output.width = 0;
+      output.height = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function addImage(pageNumber, region, thumbnailUrl) {
+    const entry = { pageNumber, region, thumbnailUrl };
+    const index = entries.length;
+    const button = document.createElement("button");
+    button.type = "button";
+    button.className = "image-gallery-thumb";
+    button.setAttribute("aria-label", "Image " + (index + 1) + " on PDF page " + pageNumber);
+    button.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "false");
+    const img = document.createElement("img");
+    img.src = thumbnailUrl;
+    img.alt = "";
+    img.loading = "lazy";
+    const label = document.createElement("span");
+    label.textContent = "p. " + pageNumber;
+    button.append(img, label);
+    button.addEventListener("click", () => select(index));
+    entry.button = button;
+    entries.push(entry);
+    thumbnails.append(button);
+    if (selectedIndex === -1) {
+      select(0);
+    } else {
+      caption.textContent = "Image " + (selectedIndex + 1) + " of " + entries.length +
+        " · PDF page " + entries[selectedIndex].pageNumber;
+      next.disabled = selectedIndex === entries.length - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function scanPage(pageNumber, signal) {
+    let page;
+    let canvas;
+    const prepared = [];
+    try {
+      page = await pdfDocument.getPage(pageNumber);
+      if (signal.aborted) return false;
+      const base = page.getViewport({ scale: 1, rotation: 0 });
+      const scale = Math.min(1, 650 / base.width, 900 / base.height);
+      const viewport = page.getViewport({ scale, rotation: 0 });
+      canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+      canvas.width = Math.max(1, Math.floor(viewport.width));
+      canvas.height = Math.max(1, Math.floor(viewport.height));
+      page.imageCoordinates = null;
+      const task = page.render({
+        canvasContext: canvas.getContext("2d", { alpha: false }),
+        viewport,
+        recordImages: true,
+      });
+      scanTask = task;
+      await task.promise;
+      if (scanTask === task) scanTask = null;
+      if (signal.aborted) return false;
+      const regions = imageRegionsFromCoordinates(page.imageCoordinates, base.width, base.height);
+      for (const region of regions) {
+        if (signal.aborted) return false;
+        const thumbnailUrl = await encodeCrop(canvas, region, 150, 110);
+        prepared.push({ region, thumbnailUrl });
+      }
+      if (signal.aborted) return false;
+      for (const { region, thumbnailUrl } of prepared) addImage(pageNumber, region, thumbnailUrl);
+      return true;
+    } finally {
+      if (signal.aborted) {
+        for (const item of prepared) URL.revokeObjectURL(item.thumbnailUrl);
+      }
+      if (scanTask && signal.aborted) {
+        scanTask.cancel();
+        scanTask = null;
+      }
+      if (canvas) { canvas.width = 0; canvas.height = 0; }
+      page?.cleanup();
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function runScan(controller) {
+    while (dialog.open && !controller.signal.aborted && nextPageToScan <= pdfDocument.numPages) {
+      const pageNumber = nextPageToScan;
+      try {
+        if (!(await scanPage(pageNumber, controller.signal))) break;
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (controller.signal.aborted) break;
+        failedPages += 1; // One damaged PDF page must not block later images.
+      }
+      if (controller.signal.aborted) break;
+      nextPageToScan = pageNumber + 1;
+      scannedPages += 1;
+      updateScanStatus();
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 16)); // Keep the reader responsive.
+    }
+    updateScanStatus();
+  }
+
+  function startScan() {
+    if (!dialog.open || !pdfDocument || scanJob || nextPageToScan > pdfDocument.numPages) return;
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    scanController = controller;
+    scanJob = runScan(controller).finally(() => {
+      if (scanController === controller) scanController = null;
+      scanJob = null;
+      if (dialog.open && nextPageToScan <= pdfDocument.numPages) startScan();
+    });
+  }
+
+  function goToSourcePage() {
+    const entry = entries[selectedIndex];
+    if (!entry) return;
+    dialog.close();
+    const pageInput = document.querySelector("#page-number");
+    if (pageInput) {
+      pageInput.value = String(entry.pageNumber);
+      pageInput.dispatchEvent(new Event("change", { bubbles: true }));
+    }
+  }
+
+  openButton.addEventListener("click", async () => {
+    toolsMenu.hidden = true;
+    toolsButton.setAttribute("aria-expanded", "false");
+    dialog.showModal();
+    close.focus();
+    if (!pdfDocument) {
+      const session = await pdfDocumentSessionReady;
+      if (!session?.document) {
+        empty.textContent = "This PDF is not available.";
+        return;
+      }
+      pdfDocument = session.document;
+    }
+    if (!dialog.open) return;
+    if (selectedIndex >= 0) select(selectedIndex);
+    updateScanStatus();
+    startScan();
+  });
+  close.addEventListener("click", () => dialog.close());
+  previous.addEventListener("click", () => select(selectedIndex - 1));
+  next.addEventListener("click", () => select(selectedIndex + 1));
+  jump.addEventListener("click", goToSourcePage);
+  dialog.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+    if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+    if (event.key === "ArrowLeft" || event.key === "ArrowRight") {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      select(selectedIndex + (event.key === "ArrowRight" ? 1 : -1));
+    }
+  });
+  dialog.addEventListener("close", () => {
+    scanController?.abort();
+    scanTask?.cancel();
+    selectionVersion += 1;
+    selectionTask?.cancel();
+    selectionTask = null;
+    if (selectedUrl) URL.revokeObjectURL(selectedUrl);
+    selectedUrl = null;
+    picture.removeAttribute("src");
+    picture.hidden = true;
+    toolsButton.focus();
+  });
+  window.addEventListener("pagehide", () => {
+    if (dialog.open) dialog.close();
+    for (const entry of entries) URL.revokeObjectURL(entry.thumbnailUrl);
+    entries.length = 0;
+    thumbnails.replaceChildren();
+    selectedIndex = -1;
+    nextPageToScan = 1;
+  });
+}
diff --git a/tests/image-gallery.test.mjs b/tests/image-gallery.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59450ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/image-gallery.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { imageCropPixels, imageRegionsFromCoordinates } from "../src/viewer/images/image-gallery-utils.js";
+
+test("finds individual embedded image bounds in document order", () => {
+  const coords = new Float32Array([
+    0.2, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 0.1,
+    0.1, 0.6, 0.1, 0.8, 0.4, 0.6,
+  ]);
+  const regions = imageRegionsFromCoordinates(coords, 600, 800);
+  assert.equal(regions.length, 2);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(regions[0].x - 0.2) < 1e-5);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(regions[0].width - 0.5) < 1e-5);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(regions[0].height - 0.3) < 1e-5);
+  assert.ok(Math.abs(regions[1].y - 0.6) < 1e-5);
+});
+
+test("skips full-page scan backgrounds and tiny decorative icons", () => {
+  const coords = [
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, // scanned full page
+    0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.12, 0.12, 0.1, // tiny icon
+    0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.2, // useful image
+  ];
+  assert.equal(imageRegionsFromCoordinates(coords, 600, 800).length, 1);
+});
+
+test("clamps rotated and out-of-page image corners", () => {
+  const regions = imageRegionsFromCoordinates([
+    0.3, -0.2, 0.8, 0.3, 0.1, 0.7,
+  ], 600, 800);
+  assert.equal(regions.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(regions[0].x, 0.1);
+  assert.equal(regions[0].y, 0);
+  assert.ok(regions[0].height > 0);
+});
+
+test("pixel crops stay inside render canvas and include fractional edges", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(imageCropPixels({ x: 0.2, y: 0.1, width: 0.5, height: 0.3 }, 101, 201),
+    { x: 20, y: 20, width: 51, height: 61 });
+  const clipped = imageCropPixels({ x: 0.9, y: 0.9, width: 0.2, height: 0.2 }, 100, 100);
+  assert.deepEqual(clipped, { x: 90, y: 90, width: 10, height: 10 });
+});